LPD433

LPD433 (low power device 433 MHz) is a UHF band in which license free communication devices are allowed to operate in some regions. The frequencies correspond with the ITU region 1 ISM band of 433.050 MHz to 434.790 MHz. The frequencies used are within the 70-centimeter band, which is currently reserved for government and amateur radio operations in the United States and most nations worldwide.

LPD hand-held radios are authorized for licence-free voice communications use in most of Europe using analog frequency modulation (FM) as part of short range device regulations,[1] with 25 kHz channel spacing, for a total of 69 channels. In some countries, LPD devices may only be used with an integral and non-removable antenna with a maximum legal power output of 10 mW.

Voice communication in the LPD band was introduced to reduce the burden on the eight (now sixteen)[2] PMR446 channels over shorter ranges (less than 1 km).[3]

LPD is also used in vehicle key-less entry device, garage or gate openers and some outdoor home weather station products.

Usage by country

ITU Region 1 (Europe)

United Kingdom

In the UK, LPD433 equipment that meets the respective Ofcom Interface Requirement can be used for model control, analogue/digitised voice and remote keyless entry systems.[4] There is significant scope for interference however, both on frequency and on adjacent frequencies, as the band is far from free. The frequencies from 430 to 440 MHz are allocated on a secondary basis to licensed radio amateurs who are allowed to use up to 40 W (16 dBW) between 430 and 432 MHz and 400 W (26 dBW) between 432 and 440 MHz. Channels 1 to 14 are UK amateur repeater outputs and channels 62 to 69 are UK amateur repeater inputs. This band is shared on a secondary basis for both licensed and licence exempt users, with the primary user being the Ministry of Defence.[5]

Ofcom, together with the RSGB Emerging Technology Co-ordination Committee have produced guidelines to help mitigate the side effects of interference to an extent.[6][7]

Switzerland

Switzerland permits the use of all 69 LPD433 channels with a maximum power output of 10 mW.[8][9]

Spain

According to a recently published (June 2021) resolution of the Spanish government,[10] where it defines 'interface IR-266', non-specific mobile short-range devices may be used without authorization for voice applications with 'advanced mitigation techniques' (such as listening before talking[11]) from 434.040 to 434.790 MHz, with channels narrower than 25 kHz and with a maximum 'apparent radiated power' of 10 mW. This would make the use of LPD433 channels 40 to 69 possible in Spain.

Other European countries

European remote keyless entry systems often use the 433 MHz band, although, as in all of Europe, these frequencies are within the 70-centimeter band allocated to amateur radio, and interference results. In Germany, before the end of 2008,[12] radio control enthusiasts were able to use frequencies from channel 03 through 67 for radio control of any form of model (air or ground-based), all with odd channel numbers (03, 05, etc. up to ch. 67),[13] with each sanctioned frequency having 50 kHz of bandwidth separation between each adjacent channel.

ITU Region 2 (America)

In ITU region 2 (the Americas), the frequencies that LPD433 uses are also within the 70-centimeter band allocated to amateur radio. In the United States LPD433 radios can only be used under FCC amateur regulations by properly licensed amateur radio operators.

ITU Region 3

Malaysia

In Malaysia, this band is also within the 70-centimeter band (430.000 – 440.000 MHz) allocated to amateur radio. Class B amateur radio holders are permitted to transmit up to 50 watts PEP power level.[14] There is no licence requirement for LPD as long as it complies with requirement regulated by Malaysian Communications And Multimedia Commission (MCMC). As regulated by MCMC in Technical Code for Short Range Devices,[15] remote control and security device are allowed up to 50 mW ERP and up to 100 mW ERP for Short Range Communication (SRC) devices. RFID are allowed up to 100 mW EIRP.

Channels
Channel Frequency (MHz) Channel Frequency (MHz) Channel Frequency (MHz)
1 433.075 24 433.650 47 434.225
2 433.100 25 433.675 48 434.250
3 433.125 26 433.700 49 434.275
4 433.150 27 433.725 50 434.300
5 433.175 28 433.750 51 434.325
6 433.200 29 433.775 52 434.350
7 433.225 30 433.800 53 434.375
8 433.250 31 433.825 54 434.400
9 433.275 32 433.850 55 434.425
10 433.300 33 433.875 56 434.450
11 433.325 34 433.900 57 434.475
12 433.350 35 433.925 58 434.500
13 433.375 36 433.950 59 434.525
14 433.400 37 433.975 60 434.550
15 433.425 38 434.000 61 434.575
16 433.450 39 434.025 62 434.600
17 433.475 40 434.050 63 434.625
18 433.500 41 434.075 64 434.650
19 433.525 42 434.100 65 434.675
20 433.550 43 434.125 66 434.700
21 433.575 44 434.150 67 434.725
22 433.600 45 434.175 68 434.750
23 433.625 46 434.200 69 434.775

See also

References
  1. CEPT/ERC REC 70-03 Archived 2013-08-05 at the Wayback Machine (22 August 2011)
  2. "ECC Decision (15) 05" (PDF). CEPT Electronic Communications Committee. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-19. Retrieved 2017-12-06.
  3. "The Consumer Electronics Hall of Fame: Motorola T250 Talkabout Walkie-Talkies". IEEE Spectrum: Technology, Engineering, and Science News. Retrieved 2020-05-09.
  4. "IR 2030 - UK Interface Requirements 2030 - Licence Exempt Short Range Devices" (PDF). Ofcom. July 2017. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2017-12-06.
  5. "United Kingdom Frequency Allocation Table 2013" (PDF). Ofcom. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
  6. "Interference between Short Range Devices and Amateur Repeaters" (PDF). Ofcom. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
  7. "Paper on SRD Mitigation Techniques" (PDF). R.S.G.B. Emerging Technology Co-ordination Committee. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2014-01-07.
  8. "Technical interfaces regulations". OFCOM (Swiss Federal Office of Communications). Retrieved 2020-10-03.
  9. "Radiocommunications in Switzerland" (PDF). Bundesamt für Kommunikation. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 2020-10-03.
  10. "Resolución de 12 de marzo de 2021, de la Secretaría de Estado de Telecomunicaciones e Infraestructuras Digitales, por la que se publican los requisitos técnicos actualizados de las interfaces radioeléctricas reglamentadas IR-264, IR-265 e IR-266 relativas a equipos de radio para dispositivos de corto alcance (SRD) no específicos, en la banda de frecuencias ICM de 433 MHz". Secretariat of State for Telecommunications and Digital Infrastructure of the Government of Spain. Retrieved 2022-10-16.
  11. "ERC recommendation relating to the use of short range devices (SRD), Annex 1, Note 11". CEPT. Retrieved 2022-10-17.
  12. RC-Network.de Fernsteuerfrequenzen für den Modellbau - Deutschland (Frequency bands for RC modeling - Germany) - "Am 31.12.2008 endet die Betriebserlaubnis für Fernsteuerungen im Frequenzbereich 433 MHz!" Archived 2016-03-23 at the Wayback Machine (As of 12/31/2008, RC use of the 433 MHz bands ends in Germany!)
  13. "United Kingdom Radio Control Council: International Frequencies - Germany". UKRCC. UKRCC. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved July 13, 2013.
  14. "Guidelines for Amateur Radio Services in Malaysia 2nd Edition" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 11 Feb 2018.
  15. "MCMC MTSFB TC T007:2014 - Specification for Short Range Devices" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 11 Feb 2018.
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