Lead(II) perchlorate

Lead(II) perchlorate is a chemical compound with the formula Pb(ClO4)2·xH2O, where is x is 0,1, or 3. It is an extremely hygroscopic white solid that is very soluble in water.[1]

Lead(II) perchlorate
Names
Other names
  • Plumbous perchlorate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.033.736
EC Number
  • 237-125-7
UN number 1470
  • InChI=1S/2ClHO4.Pb/c2*2-1(3,4)5;/h2*(H,2,3,4,5);/q;;+2/p-2
  • [O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[Pb+2]
Properties
Pb(ClO4)2
Molar mass 406.10 g/mol
Appearance White solid
Density 2.6 g/cm3
Boiling point 250 °C (482 °F; 523 K) (decomposes)
256.2 g/100 ml (25 °C)
Vapor pressure 0.36 Torr (trihydrate)
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS03: OxidizingGHS07: Exclamation markGHS06: ToxicGHS09: Environmental hazard
H272, H302, H332, H360Df, H373, H410
P210, P260, P273, P301+P312, P304+P340, P308+P313
Related compounds
Other cations
 Mercury(II) perchlorate; Tin(II) perchlorate; Cadmium perchlorate
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references

Preparation

Lead perchlorate trihydrate is produced by the reaction of lead(II) oxide, lead carbonate, or lead nitrate by perchloric acid:

Pb(NO3)2 + HClO4 → Pb(ClO4)2 + HNO3

The excess perchloric acid was removed by first heating the solution to 125 °C, then heating it under moist air at 160 °C to remove the perchloric acid by converting the acid to the dihydrate. The anhydrous salt, Pb(ClO4)2, is produced by heating the trihydrate to 120 °C under water-free conditions over phosphorus pentoxide. The trihydrate melts at 83 °C. The anhydrous salt decomposes into lead(II) chloride and lead(II) oxide at 250 °C. The monohydrate is produced by only partially dehydrating the trihydrate, and this salt undergoes hydrolysis at 103 °C.[2]

The solution of anhydrous lead(II) perchlorate in methanol is explosive.

References
  1. H. H. Willard; J. L. Kassner (1930). "PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF LEAD PERCHLORATE". Journal of the American Chemical Society. ACS Publications. 52 (6): 2391–2396. doi:10.1021/ja01369a027.
  2. A. V. Dudin (1993). "Water-vapor pressure and thermodynamics of the dehydration of manganese, nickel, cadmium, and lead perchlorate hydrates". Russian Chemical Bulletin. 42: 417–421. doi:10.1007/BF00698419.
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