Lepra (lichen)

Lepra is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Pertusariaceae. Although the genus was created in 1777, it was not regularly used until it was resurrected in 2016 following molecular phylogenetic analyses. It has more than 80 species, most of which were previously classified in genus Pertusaria.

Lepra
Lepra albescens
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Pertusariales
Family: Pertusariaceae
Genus: Lepra
Scop. (1777)
Type species
Lepra albescens
(Huds.) Hafellner (2016)
Synonyms[1]
  • Variolaria Pers. (1791)
  • Leproncus Ventenat (1799)
  • Isidium (Ach.) Ach. (1803)
  • Pertusaria sect. Lecanorastrum Müll.Arg. (1884)
  • Pertusaria subg. Monomurata Archer (1993)
  • Pertusaria sect. Digitatae Archer (1993)
  • Marfloraea S.Y.Kondr., L.Lökös & Hur (2015)

Taxonomy

The genus was originally circumscribed by Austrian naturalist Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in 1777.[2] Martyn Dibben designated Lichen albescens (=Lepra albescens) as a neotype for the genus in 1980.[3] In 2015, Kondratyuk and colleagues proposed the new genus Marfloraea to contain 13 members of the Variola group (one of four major clades identified in Pertusaria in the broad sense), with Marfloraea amara (=Lepra amara) selected as the type.[4] The proposed genus was rejected a year later when Josef Hafellner and Ayşen Türk explained that the new genus name was superfluous because older available names existed that should have instead been used.[5] Consequently, the genus Lepra was reinstated to contain species formerly placed in the Pertusaria albescens species group.[1]

Description

Genus Lepra contains crustose lichens with the following features: disc-like ascomata; a hymenial gel that is weakly amyloid to non-amyloid; asci that are strongly amyloid but lack clear amyloid structures at their tips; and asci containing one or two single-layered, thin-walled ascospores.[1]

Species
Lepra pustulata

As of January 2022, Species Fungorum accepts 81 species of Lepra.[6]

  • Lepra acroscyphoides (Sipman) I.Schmitt, B.P.Hodk. & Lumbsch (2017)[1]
  • Lepra albescens (Huds.) Hafellner (2016)
  • Lepra albopunctata (A.W.Archer & Elix) A.W.Archer & Elix (2018)
  • Lepra alterimosa (Darb.) I.Schmitt, B.P.Hodk. & Lumbsch (2017)[1]
  • Lepra alticola (Q.Ren) Q.Ren (2019)
  • Lepra amara (Ach.) Hafellner (2016)
  • Lepra amaroides (H.Magn.) I.Schmitt, B.P.Hodk. & Lumbsch (2017)[1]
  • Lepra andersoniae (Lendemer) Lendemer & R.C.Harris (2017)
  • Lepra argentea Fryday (2019)[7] – Falkland Islands
  • Lepra arida A.W.Archer & Elix (2020)[8] – Australia
  • Lepra asiana (Vain.) A.W.Archer & Elix (2018)
  • Lepra aspergilla (Ach.) Hafellner (2016)
  • Lepra austropacifica I.Schmitt & Lumbsch (2017)[1]
  • Lepra bambusetorum (Zahlbr.) Q.Ren (2019)
  • Lepra buloloensis (A.W.Archer, Elix & Streimann) I.Schmitt & Lumbsch (2017)
  • Lepra caucasica (Erichsen) Hafellner (2016)
  • Lepra clarkeana (A.W.Archer) I.Schmitt, B.P.Hodk. & Lumbsch (2017)[1]
  • Lepra colorata (D.D.Awasthi & Preeti Srivast.) Q.Ren (2019)
  • Lepra commutata (Müll.Arg.) Lendemer & R.C.Harris (2017)
  • Lepra composita (Zahlbr.) Q.Ren (2019)
  • Lepra corallina (L.) Hafellner (2016)
  • Lepra corallophora (Vain.) Hafellner (2016)
  • Lepra dactylina (Ach.) Hafellner (2016)
  • Lepra dactylinella (Kantvilas & Elix) A.W.Archer & Elix (2018)
  • Lepra elatinica A.W.Archer & Elix (2020)[8] – Australia
  • Lepra erubescens (Hook.f. & Taylor) A.W.Archer & Elix (2018)
  • Lepra erythrella (Müll.Arg.) I.Schmitt, B.G.Hodk. & Lumbsch (2017)[1]
  • Lepra excludens (Nyl.) Hafellner (2016)
  • Lepra flavovelata (Elix & Malcolm) I. Schmitt, B.G. Hodk. & Lumbsch (2017)[1]
  • Lepra floridana (Dibben) Lendemer & R.C. Harris (2017)
  • Lepra graeca (Erichsen) Hafellner (2016)
  • Lepra hengduanensis (Q.Ren) Q.Ren (2019)
  • Lepra huangshanensis (Sen H.Yu & J.N.Wu ex Q.Ren) Q.Ren (2019)
  • Lepra hypothamnolica (Dibben) Lendemer & R.C.Harris (2017)
  • Lepra isidioides Delastre (1830)
  • Lepra lacericans (A.W.Archer) A.W.Archer & Elix (2018)
  • Lepra laceromarginata (Q.Ren) Q.Ren (2019)
  • Lepra leeuwenii (Zahlbr.) A.W.Archer & Elix (2020)[8] – Australia
  • Lepra leonina (Stizenb.) I.Schmitt, B.G. Hodk. & Lumbsch (2017)[1]
  • Lepra leucopsara (Kremp.) Q.Ren (2019)
  • Lepra leucosora (Nyl.) Hafellner (2016)
  • Lepra leucosorodes (Nyl.) I.Schmitt, B.G.Hodk. & Lumbsch (2017)[1]
  • Lepra lichexanthonorstictica Aptroot (2021)[9] – Brazil
  • Lepra lijiangensis (Q.Ren) Q.Ren (2019)
  • Lepra macloviana (Müll.Arg.) I.Schmitt, B.G.Hodk. & Lumbsch (2017)[1]
  • Lepra mammosa (Harm.) Hafellner (2016)
  • Lepra melanochlora (DC.) Hafellner (2016)
  • Lepra miniatescens (A.W.Archer & Elix) A.W.Archer & Elix (2018)
  • Lepra monogona (Nyl.) Hafellner (2016)
  • Lepra multipuncta (Turner) Hafellner (2016)
  • Lepra multipunctoides (Dibben) Lendemer & R.C.Harris (2017)
  • Lepra muricata (J.C.David) A.W.Archer & Elix (2018)
  • Lepra neotriconica (Elix & A.W.Archer) A.W.Archer & Elix (2018)
  • Lepra novae-zelandiae (Szatala) I.Schmitt, A.W.Archer & Lumbsch (2017)[1]
  • Lepra ocellata (Körb.) Hafellner (2016)
  • Lepra ophthalmiza (Nyl.) Hafellner (2016)
  • Lepra ornatula (Müll.Arg.) I.Schmitt, B.P.Hodk. & Lumbsch (2017)[1]
  • Lepra panyrga (Ach.) Hafellner (2016)
  • Lepra parathalassica (Kantvilas & Elix) A.W.Archer & Elix (2018)
  • Lepra perlacericans A.W.Archer & Elix (2020)[8] – Australia
  • Lepra pseudodactylina (A.W.Archer) A.W.Archer & Elix (2018)
  • Lepra pseudolactea (Erichsen) Hafellner (2016)
  • Lepra pseudosubventosa Kukwa & B.Guzow-Krzem. (2019)[10] – Bolivia
  • Lepra psoromica (A.W.Archer & Elix) A.W.Archer & Elix (2018)
  • Lepra pulvinata (Erichsen) Hafellner (2016)
  • Lepra pustulata (Brodo & W.L.Culb.) Lendemer & R.C.Harris (2017)
  • Lepra roseola (A.W.Archer & Elix) A.W.Archer & Elix (2018)
  • Lepra rugifera (Müll.Arg.) I.Schmitt, B.P.Hodk. & Lumbsch (2017)[1]
  • Lepra scaberula (A.W.Archer) I.Schmitt, B.P.Hodk. & Lumbsch (2017)[1]
  • Lepra schaereri (Hafellner) Hafellner (2016)
  • Lepra scutellifera (A.W.Archer & Elix) I.Schmitt, B.P.Hodk. & Lumbsch (2017)[1]
  • Lepra setschwanica (Zahlbr.) Q.Ren (2019)
  • Lepra slesvicensis (Erichsen) Hafellner (2016)
  • Lepra sordida (A.W.Archer) A.W.Archer & Elix (2018)
  • Lepra sphaerophora (Oshio) I.Schmitt, B.P.Hodk. & Lumbsch (2017)[1]
  • Lepra stalactiza (Nyl.) Hafellner (2016)
  • Lepra subcomposita (Oshio) I.Schmitt, Hodk. & Lumbsch (2017)[1]
  • Lepra subdactylina (Nyl.) Lendemer & R.C. Harris (2017)
  • Lepra sublacerans (A.W.Archer) A.W.Archer & Elix (2018)
  • Lepra submultipuncta (Nyl.) Q.Ren (2019)
  • Lepra subventosa (Malme) I.Schmitt & Lumbsch (2017)
  • Lepra superans (Müll.Arg.) I.Schmitt, B.P.Hodk. & Lumbsch (2017)[1]
  • Lepra teneriffensis (Vain.) Hafellner (2016)
  • Lepra thamnolica (A.W.Archer) A.W.Archer & Elix (2018)
  • Lepra tibetensis (Z.S.Sun) Q.Ren (2019)
  • Lepra trachythallina (Erichsen) Lendemer & R.C.Harris (2017)
  • Lepra trichosa (Elix & A.W.Archer) A.W.Archer & Elix (2018)
  • Lepra tropica (Vain.) Lendemer & R.C.Harris (2017)
  • Lepra truncata (Kremp.) A.W.Archer & Elix (2018)
  • Lepra tuberculata (Erichsen) Hafellner (2016)
  • Lepra umbricola (A.W.Archer & Elix) A.W.Archer & Elix (2018)
  • Lepra variolina (Nyl.) Q.Ren (2019)
  • Lepra variolosa I.Schmitt, A.W.Archer & Lumbsch (2017)[1]
  • Lepra ventosa (Malme) Lendemer & R.C.Harris (2017)
  • Lepra violacea (Oshio) I.Schmitt, B.P.Hodk. & Lumbsch (2017)[1]
  • Lepra waghornei (Hulting) Lendemer & R.C.Harris (2017)
  • Lepra wallamanensis (Elix & A.W.Archer) A.W.Archer & Elix (2018)
  • Lepra wangii (Q.Ren) Q.Ren (2019)
  • Lepra wawreana (A.Massal.) I.Schmitt, B.P.Hodk. & Lumbsch (2017)[1]
  • Lepra weii (Q.Ren) Q.Ren (2019)
  • Lepra wulingensis (Z.T.Zhao & Z.S.Sun) Q.Ren (2019)
  • Lepra xantholeuca (Müll.Arg.) I.Schmitt, A.W.Archer & Lumbsch (2017)[1]

References
  1. Wei, X.L.; Schmitt, I.; Hodkinson, B.P.; Flakus, A.; Kukwa, M.; Divakar, P.K.; Kirika, P.M.; Otte, J.; Meiser, A.; Lumbsch, H.T. (2017). "Circumscription of the genus Lepra, a recently resurrected genus to accommodate the "Variolaria"-group of Pertusaria sensu lato (Pertusariales, Ascomycota)". PLOS ONE. 12 (7): e0180284. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1280284W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0180284. PMC 5507398. PMID 28700682.
  2. Scopoli, Gioanni Antonio (1777). Introductio ad historiam naturalem sistens genera lapidum, plantarum, et animalium: hactenus detecta, caracteribus essentialibus donata, in tribus divisa, subinde ad leges naturae (in Latin). Prague: Apud Wolfgangum Gerle. p. 61.
  3. Dibben, Martyn J. (1980). The Chemosystematics of the Lichen Genus Pertusaria in North America North of Mexico. Publications in Biology and Geology. Vol. 5. Milwaukee: Milwaukee Public Museum. ISBN 978-0893260361.
  4. Kondratyuk, Sergii Y.; Lőkös, László; Kim, Jung A.; Kondratiuk, Anna S.; Jeong, Min-Hye; Jang, Seol Hwa; Oh, Soon-Ok; Hur, Jae-Seoun (2015). "New members of the Pertusariales (Ascomycota) proved by combined phylogenetic analysis" (PDF). Studia Botanica Hungarica. 46 (2): 95–110. doi:10.17110/studbot.2015.46.2.95.
  5. Hafellner, J.; Türk, R. (2016). "Die lichenisierten Pilze Österreichs –Eine neue Checkliste der bisher nachgewiesenen Taxa mit Angaben zu Verbreitung und Substratökologie" (PDF). Stapfia. 104 (1): 1–216.
  6. Source dataset. Species Fungorum Plus: Species Fungorum for CoL+. "Lepra". Catalog of Life Version 2021-12-18. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
  7. Fryday, A.M. (2019). "Eleven new species of crustose lichenized fungi from the Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)". The Lichenologist. 51 (3): 235–267. doi:10.1017/S0024282919000185. S2CID 196649792.
  8. Archer, A.W.; Elix, J.A. (2020). "Six new species, a new variety, a new report and two new records in the Australian Pertusariaceae (Pertusariales, lichenized Ascomycota)" (PDF). Australasian Lichenology. 86: 14–29.
  9. Aptroot, A.; Spielmann, A.A.; Gumboski, E.L. (2021). "New lichen species and records from Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil" (PDF). Archive for Lichenology. 23: 1–18.
  10. Guzow-Krzemińska, B.; Flakus, A.; Kosecka, M.; Jabłońska, A.; Rodriguez-Flakus, P.; Kukwa, M. (2019). "New species and records of lichens from Bolivia". Phytotaxa. 397 (4): 257–279. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.397.4.1. S2CID 108848315.
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