Leptogium

Leptogium
	Leptogium phyllocarpum
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Ascomycota
Class:	Lecanoromycetes
Order:	Peltigerales
Family:	Collemataceae
Genus:	Leptogium; (Ach.) Gray (1821)
Type species
	Leptogium lacerum; (Sw.) Gray (1821)

Leptogium is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Collemataceae.[1] It has about 110 species.[2] Species formerly classified under Leptogium have since been divided among the genera Leptogium, Pseudoleptogium, and Scytinium. Leptogium lichens are predominantly found on tree bark or soil, often among mosses, and sometimes on rocks in moist environments.[3]

Description

Leptogium is characterized by its foliose, gelatinous thallus, which varies in colour from blue-grey to olive-brown or blackish. The upper and lower cortex of these lichens consists of a single layer of roughly equal-sized cells. The medulla, on the other hand, is made up of loosely intertwined hyphae intermingled with chains of photobiont cells. The upper surface of the thallus can range from smooth to wrinkled or ridged, often exhibiting a glossy appearance, while the lower surface may be smooth, web-like, or hairy, sometimes featuring small clusters of white rhizines.[3]

Leptogium species often possess isidia and have Nostoc as their photobiont. The ascomata are apothecia, which can be sessile or shortly stalked and are predominantly laminal. The thalline margin may persist or become excluded, occasionally displaying a lobulate form. The true exciple is raised, cup-shaped, and mainly composed of periclinally arranged hyphae, with a colour that varies from colourless to reddish-brown. The disc of the lichen is either concave or flat.[3]

The epithecium is colourless to reddish-brown and does not react with solutions of either potassium hydroxide or ammonia. The hymenium is colourless and turns blue when exposed to iodine. The hypothecium is shallow and either colourless or pale yellowish. The hamathecium consists of numerous, conglutinate paraphyses with slightly swollen apices. The asci are club-shaped (clavate) and contain four to eight spores, with the wall and apical dome turning blue in response to potassium hydroxide and iodine. Ascospores are ellipsoidal, ovoid, or fusiform, sometimes featuring an apiculate end, and are septate and colourless. Lichen substances have not been detected by thin-layer chromatography in Leptogium species.[3]

Species

As of April 2023, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of Life) accepts 84 species of Leptogium.[1]

Leptogium chloromelum

Leptogium cochleatum

Leptogium javanicum

Leptogium phyllocarpum

Leptogium saturninum

Leptogium acadiense J.W.Hinds, F.L.Anderson & Lendemer (2016)
Leptogium adnatum P.M.Jørg. (2013)[4] – South America
Leptogium andegavense Hy (1893)
Leptogium antarcticum Scur, Lorenz-Lemke & Kitaura (2018)[5] – Antarctica
Leptogium asiaticum P.M.Jørg. (1973)
Leptogium atlanticum Marcelli & Kitaura (2014)
Leptogium auriculatum P.M.Jørg. (2013)[4] – South America
Leptogium austroamericanum (Malme) C.W.Dodge (1933)
Leptogium azureum (Sw.) Mont. (1840)
Leptogium biloculare F.Wilson (1891)
Leptogium brebissonii Mont. (1840)
Leptogium britannicum P.M.Jørg. & P.James (1983)[6] – Europe
Leptogium bullatulum Müll.Arg. (1891)
Leptogium burgessii (L.) Mont. (1840)
Leptogium chloromelum (Ach.) Nyl. (1857)
Leptogium cochleatum (Dicks.) P.M.Jørg. & P.James (1983)
Leptogium compactum D.F.Stone, F.L.Anderson & J.W.Hinds (2016)
Leptogium cookii D.F.Stone & Lendemer (2016)
Leptogium coralloideum (Meyen & Flot.) Vain. (1915)
Leptogium corticola (Taylor) Tuck. (1849)
Leptogium crispatellum Nyl. (1888)
Leptogium cyanescens (Ach.) Körb. (1855)
Leptogium davidii M.Lindstr. (2007)[7]
Leptogium enkarodes Verdon (1990)[8] – Australia
Leptogium epiphyllum M.Lindstr. (2007)[7]
Leptogium exaratum Kitaura & Lucheta (2019)
Leptogium faciifictum Verdon (1990)[8] – Australia
Leptogium fallax Müll.Arg. (1882)
Leptogium granulans Vain. (1921)
Leptogium hibernicum M.E.Mitch. ex P.M.Jørg. (1973)
Leptogium hildenbrandii (Garov.) Nyl. (1857)
Leptogium hondae C.M.Bernardo, Kitaura & A.A.Spielm. (2019)
Leptogium hypotrachynum Müll.Arg. (1881)
Leptogium javanicum Mont. (1856)
Leptogium joergensenii Marcelli & Kitaura (2014)
Leptogium juressianum Tav. (1950)
Leptogium kalbii Marcelli & I.P.R.Cunha (2007)[9] – Brazil
Leptogium kiyosumiense H.Harada (2017)
Leptogium krogiae Bjelland, Frisch & Bendiksby (2017)
Leptogium limbatum F.Wilson (1889)
Leptogium longisporum Kitaura & Marcelli (2013)
Leptogium loriforme P.M.Jørg. & Kashiw. (2008)
Leptogium mantiqueirense Kitaura & Marcelli (2013)[10]
Leptogium marcellii Kitaura, Lorenz-Lemke & A.A.Spielm. (2018)[5] – Antarctica
Leptogium marginatum M.Lindstr. (2007)[7]
Leptogium marginellum (Sw.) Gray (1821)
Leptogium mastocheilum (Vain.) Kitaura & Marcelli (2014)
Leptogium menziesii (Sm.) Mont. (1852)
Leptogium minutissimum (Flörke) Fr. (1845)
Leptogium moluccanum (Pers.) Vain. 1890)
Leptogium nylanderi Kitaura & Marcelli (2013)[10]
Leptogium oceanianum Kitaura & Marcelli (2014)[11] – New Zealand
Leptogium paramense (P.M.Jørg. & Palice) A.Košuth. & Wedin (2019)
Leptogium patwardhanii A.Dube & Makhija (2010)[12] – India
Leptogium pecten F.Wilson (1891)
Leptogium pellobatum Verdon (1990)[8] – Australia
Leptogium philorheuma F.Wilson (1893)[13] – Australia
Leptogium phyllocarpum (Pers.) Mont. (1848)
Leptogium poliophaeum Verdon (1990)[8] – Australia
Leptogium propaguliferum Vain. (1921)
Leptogium quercicola Otálora, Aragón, I.Martínez & M.C.Molina (2004)
Leptogium quilombense C.M.Bernardo, Kitaura & A.A.Spielm. (2019)
Leptogium rivulare (Ach.) Mont. (1846)
Leptogium saturninum (Dicks.) Nyl. (1857)
Leptogium saxatile Makryĭ (2012)
Leptogium sphaerosporum P.M.Jørg. & Olley (2010)[14] – Nepal
Leptogium streimannii Verdon (1990)[8] – Australia
Leptogium subazureum A.Dube & Makhija (2010)[12] – India
Leptogium subjuressianum Marcelli & Kitaura (2012)[15] – Brazil
Leptogium sulcatum M.Lindstr. (2007)[7]
Leptogium taibaiense H.J.Liu & M.Q.Xi (2015)[16] – China
Leptogium tasmanicum F.Wilson (1893)
Leptogium tectum Lorenz-Lemke, Kitaura & Scur (2018)[5] – Antarctica
Leptogium teretiusculum Wallr. ex Arnold (1892)
Leptogium thailandicum A.H.Ekanayaka & K.D.Hyde (2018)
Leptogium transversum M.Lindstr. (2007)[7]
Leptogium tremelloides (Ach.) Gray (1821)
Leptogium verrucosum A.Dube & Makhija (2010)[12] – India
Leptogium victorianum F.Wilson (1891)
Leptogium wangii H.J.Liu & M.Q.Xi (2015)[16] – China
Leptogium weii H.J.Liu & S.Guan (2012)[17] – China
Leptogium wilsonii Zahlbr. (1925)

References

"Leptogium". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453 [154]. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2. S2CID 249054641.
Cannon, Paul; Otálora, Mónica A.G.; Košuthová, Alica; Wedin, Mats; Aptroot, André; Coppins, Brian; Simkin, Janet (2020). "Peltigerales: Collemataceae, including the genera Blennothallia, Callome, Collema, Enchylium, Epiphloea, Lathagrium, Leptogium, Pseudoleptogium, Rostania and Scytinium". Revisions of British and Irish Lichens. 2: 1–38 [21–22]. doi:10.34885/174.
Jørgensen, Per M.; Buck, William R. (2013). "Further contributions to the lichen genus Leptogium in southern South America". The Lichenologist. 45 (6): 787–789. doi:10.1017/s0024282913000443. S2CID 84552271.
Kitaura, M.J.; Scur, M.C.; Spielmann, A.A.; Lorenz-Lemke, A.P. (2018). "A revision of Leptogium (Collemataceae, lichenized Ascomycota) from Antarctica with a key to species". The Lichenologist. 50 (4): 467–485. doi:10.1017/S0024282918000269. S2CID 91802517.
Jørgensen, P.M.; James, P.W. (1983). "Studies on some Leptogium species of western Europe". The Lichenologist. 15 (2): 109–125. doi:10.1017/s0024282983000183. S2CID 86213985.
Lindström, M. (2007). "New species in the lichen genus Leptogium (Collemataceae) from tropical South America". Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 95: 405–428.
Verdon, D. (1990). "New Australasian species and records in the genus Leptogium S. Gray (lichenized Ascomycotina: Collemataceae)". Mycotaxon. 37: 413–440.
Marcelli, M.P.; Jungbluth, P.; Benatti, M.N.; Spielmann, A.A.; Canêz, L.S.; Cunha, I.P.R.; Martins, M.F.N. (2007). "Some new species and combinations of Brazilian lichenized fungi". In Frisch, Andreas; Lange, Ute; Staiger, Bettina (eds.). Lichenologische Nebenstunden. Contributions to lichen taxonomy and ecology in honour of Klaus Kalb. pp. 209–228. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
Kitaura, M.J.; Marcelli, M.P. (2013). "A revision of Leptogium species with spherical-celled hairs (Section Mallotium p.p.)". The Bryologist. 116: 15–27. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-116.1.015. S2CID 84794189.
Kitaura, M.J.; Marcelli, M.P.; da Hora, B.R.; Jungbluth, P. (2015). "Leptogium denticulatum (Collemataceae, lichenized Ascomycota) and some morphologically related species". The Bryologist. 118 (1): 11–21. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-118.1.011. S2CID 86406123.
Dube, Archana; Makhija, Urmila (2010). "Occurrence of four additional non-hairy species of Leptogium from Maharashtra, India". The Lichenologist. 42 (6): 701–710. doi:10.1017/s0024282910000332. S2CID 85875698.
Wilson, F.R.M. (1893). "The lichens of Victoria. Part 1". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria. 5: 141–177 [157].
Jørgensen, Per M.; Olley, Louise (2010). "A new hairy Leptogium from Nepal". The Lichenologist. 42 (4): 387–389. doi:10.1017/s0024282909990764. S2CID 84403281.
Kitaura, M.J.; Marcelli, M.P. (2012). "The Leptogium juressianum complex in southeastern Brazil". Mycotaxon. 120: 215–221. doi:10.5248/120.215.
Liu, H.J.; Xi, M.Q.; Hu, J.S.; Wu, Q.F. (2015). "Two new species and a new record of Leptogium from China". Mycotaxon. 130 (2): 471–478. doi:10.5248/130.471.
Liu, H.J.; Guan, S. (2012). "A new hairy species of Leptogium (Collemataceae) from China". Mycotaxon. 119: 413–417. doi:10.5248/119.413.

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[CoL-1] "Leptogium". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 19 April 2023.

[Wijayawardene_et_al._2022-2] Wijayawardene, N.N.; Hyde, K.D.; Dai, D.Q.; Sánchez-García, M.; Goto, B.T.; Saxena, R.K.; et al. (2022). "Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021". Mycosphere. 13 (1): 53–453 [154]. doi:10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/2. S2CID 249054641.

[Cannon_et_al._2020-3] Cannon, Paul; Otálora, Mónica A.G.; Košuthová, Alica; Wedin, Mats; Aptroot, André; Coppins, Brian; Simkin, Janet (2020). "Peltigerales: Collemataceae, including the genera Blennothallia, Callome, Collema, Enchylium, Epiphloea, Lathagrium, Leptogium, Pseudoleptogium, Rostania and Scytinium". Revisions of British and Irish Lichens. 2: 1–38 [21–22]. doi:10.34885/174.

[Jørgensen_&_Buck_2013-4] Jørgensen, Per M.; Buck, William R. (2013). "Further contributions to the lichen genus Leptogium in southern South America". The Lichenologist. 45 (6): 787–789. doi:10.1017/s0024282913000443. S2CID 84552271.

[Kitaura_et_al._2018-5] Kitaura, M.J.; Scur, M.C.; Spielmann, A.A.; Lorenz-Lemke, A.P. (2018). "A revision of Leptogium (Collemataceae, lichenized Ascomycota) from Antarctica with a key to species". The Lichenologist. 50 (4): 467–485. doi:10.1017/S0024282918000269. S2CID 91802517.

[Jørgensen_&_James_1983-6] Jørgensen, P.M.; James, P.W. (1983). "Studies on some Leptogium species of western Europe". The Lichenologist. 15 (2): 109–125. doi:10.1017/s0024282983000183. S2CID 86213985.

[Lindström_2007-7] Lindström, M. (2007). "New species in the lichen genus Leptogium (Collemataceae) from tropical South America". Bibliotheca Lichenologica. 95: 405–428.

[Verdon_1990-8] Verdon, D. (1990). "New Australasian species and records in the genus Leptogium S. Gray (lichenized Ascomycotina: Collemataceae)". Mycotaxon. 37: 413–440.

[Marcelli_et_al._2007-9] Marcelli, M.P.; Jungbluth, P.; Benatti, M.N.; Spielmann, A.A.; Canêz, L.S.; Cunha, I.P.R.; Martins, M.F.N. (2007). "Some new species and combinations of Brazilian lichenized fungi". In Frisch, Andreas; Lange, Ute; Staiger, Bettina (eds.). Lichenologische Nebenstunden. Contributions to lichen taxonomy and ecology in honour of Klaus Kalb. pp. 209–228. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)

[Kitaura_&_Marcelli_2013-10] Kitaura, M.J.; Marcelli, M.P. (2013). "A revision of Leptogium species with spherical-celled hairs (Section Mallotium p.p.)". The Bryologist. 116: 15–27. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-116.1.015. S2CID 84794189.

[Kitaura_et_al._2015-11] Kitaura, M.J.; Marcelli, M.P.; da Hora, B.R.; Jungbluth, P. (2015). "Leptogium denticulatum (Collemataceae, lichenized Ascomycota) and some morphologically related species". The Bryologist. 118 (1): 11–21. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-118.1.011. S2CID 86406123.

[Dube_&_Makhija_2010-12] Dube, Archana; Makhija, Urmila (2010). "Occurrence of four additional non-hairy species of Leptogium from Maharashtra, India". The Lichenologist. 42 (6): 701–710. doi:10.1017/s0024282910000332. S2CID 85875698.

[Wilson_1893-13] Wilson, F.R.M. (1893). "The lichens of Victoria. Part 1". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria. 5: 141–177 [157].

[Jørgensen_&_Olley_2010-14] Jørgensen, Per M.; Olley, Louise (2010). "A new hairy Leptogium from Nepal". The Lichenologist. 42 (4): 387–389. doi:10.1017/s0024282909990764. S2CID 84403281.

[Kitaura_&_Marcelli_2012-15] Kitaura, M.J.; Marcelli, M.P. (2012). "The Leptogium juressianum complex in southeastern Brazil". Mycotaxon. 120: 215–221. doi:10.5248/120.215.

[Liu_et_al._2015-16] Liu, H.J.; Xi, M.Q.; Hu, J.S.; Wu, Q.F. (2015). "Two new species and a new record of Leptogium from China". Mycotaxon. 130 (2): 471–478. doi:10.5248/130.471.

[Liu_&_Guan_2012-17] Liu, H.J.; Guan, S. (2012). "A new hairy species of Leptogium (Collemataceae) from China". Mycotaxon. 119: 413–417. doi:10.5248/119.413.