Lewis County, Idaho

Lewis County is a county located in the north central region of the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2020 census, the population was 3,533,[1] making it the fourth-least populous county in Idaho. The county seat is Nezperce,[2] and Kamiah is the largest city. Partitioned from Nez Perce County and established in 1911,[3] it was named after the explorer Meriwether Lewis. Most of the county is within the Nez Perce Indian Reservation, though Native Americans comprise less than 6% of the county population.[4] Similar to the opening of lands in Oklahoma, the U.S. government opened the reservation for white settlement in November 1895. The proclamation had been signed less than two weeks earlier by President Cleveland.[5][6][7][8]

Lewis County
County
State Bank of Kamiah
State Bank of Kamiah
Official seal of Lewis County
Seal
Map of Idaho highlighting Lewis County
Location within the U.S. state of Idaho
Map of the United States highlighting Idaho
Idaho's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 46°14′N 116°26′W
Country United States
State Idaho
FoundedMarch 3, 1911
Named forMeriwether Lewis
SeatNezperce
Largest cityKamiah
Area
 • Total480 sq mi (1,200 km2)
 • Land479 sq mi (1,240 km2)
 • Water0.9 sq mi (2 km2)  0.2%
Population
 (2020)
 • Total3,533
 • Density7.4/sq mi (2.8/km2)
Time zoneUTC−8 (Pacific)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−7 (PDT)
Congressional district1st
Websitelewiscountyid.us

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 480 square miles (1,200 km2), of which 479 square miles (1,240 km2) is land and 0.9 square miles (2.3 km2) (0.2%) is water.[9] It is the fourth-smallest county in Idaho by area. The county contains the northern portion of the Camas Prairie, an elevated prairie-like region of the middle Columbia basin, south of the Clearwater River. The Clearwater River forms the eastern boundary of Lewis County, just upstream of where the Lewis and Clark Expedition put their canoes in the water for the trip to the Pacific Ocean.

History

Native American Settlement

Early settlement of Idaho by native peoples occurred around 14,000 years ago. Initially, natives of the region were spear hunters of big game. Documented settlement of Idaho's Camas Prairie by the Nez Perce dates back more than 8,000 years with characteristics of the Old Cordilleran Culture appearing in the region.[10] Characteristics of this culture consist of more sophisticated tools for hunting and the introduction of art forms. The Nez Perce, like their Shoshoni counterparts of southern Idaho gained access to horses prior to the Lewis and Clark Expedition's first interaction with the tribe in 1805. The expedition camped near Kamiah in the winter of 1806 before returning to the main Clearwater River for their continued trek westward.[11] The majority of Nez Perce County's territory is located within the boundary of the Nez Perce Reservation. The reservation was established in 1859 following the provisions of an 1855 treaty with the four bands of the Nez Perce Tribe. Relations with the Nez Perce were amicable until discovery of gold at multiple locations within the reservation's boundaries created tension starting in 1860. A smaller reservation was negotiated with the Kamiah and Lapwai bands of Nez Perce, with a treaty signed in 1867. The Salmon-Wallowa and lower Snake River bands were not a party to the treaty and efforts to force them to the reservation resulted in the Nez Perce War in 1877 that decisively forced all of the Nez Perce to the Nez Perce Reservation. Settlement of non-natives within the boundary of the reservation was authorized starting in 1894.[12][13][14]

Non-Native Settlement

With the opening of non-native settlement by agreement of 1894, settlements emerged starting at Winchester in 1896 followed by Craigmont and Kamiah areas starting by 1898.[15][16] By the 1900 Census, Nez Perce County established precincts for Central Ridge, Cold Springs, Fletcher, and Nez Perce within the territory of present Lewis County. Their combined population at the time was 2,782.[17]

Settlement increased along the route of the Camas Prairie Railroad which reached Reubens in 1906 with operation of the line starting in 1908.[18] The railroad had stops at Nucrag, Reubens, and Craigmont. By 1908, multiple stage lines commenced operation with terminus at Kamiah.[19] At the 1910 Census, Nez Perce established additional precincts for Chesley, Kamiah, Mason, Mohler, and Winchester. Together, all precincts at the 1910 census had a population of 5,037.[20]

Development of Cities

Nez Perce Village incorporated in 1903 with Kippen Village following in 1907. Vollmer town was incorporated in 1908 with the villages of Ilo and Kamiah incorporated in 1909. Reubens and Winchester Villages incorporated by 1920.[21] Ilo and Vollmer consolidated as Craigmont in 1920. Kippen Village was dis-incorporated by 1940 as it is absent from that census.

Adjacent counties

Major highways

National protected area

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
19205,851—
19305,238−10.5%
19404,666−10.9%
19504,208−9.8%
19604,4235.1%
19703,867−12.6%
19804,1186.5%
19903,516−14.6%
20003,7476.6%
20103,8212.0%
20203,533−7.5%
U.S. Decennial Census[22]
1790–1960[23] 1900–1990[24]
1990–2000[25] 2010–2020[4] 2020[1]

2000 census

As of the census[26] of 2000, there were 3,747 people, 1,554 households, and 1,050 families living in the county. The population density was 8 people per square mile (3.1 people/km2). There were 1,795 housing units at an average density of 4 units per square mile (1.5 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 92.21% White, 0.35% Black or African American, 3.84% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.93% from other races, and 2.16% from two or more races. 1.89% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 30.6% were of German, 17.5% American, 10.6% English and 8.7% Irish ancestry.

There were 1,554 households, out of which 27.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.80% were married couples living together, and 32.40% were non-families. 28.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.92.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 25.40% under the age of 18, 5.30% from 18 to 24, 23.80% from 25 to 44, 27.10% from 45 to 64, and 18.50% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 101.90 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.20 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $31,413, and the median income for a family was $37,336. Males had a median income of $31,021 versus $22,538 for females. The per capita income for the county was $15,942. About 8.70% of families and 12.00% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.90% of those under age 18 and 9.00% of those age 65 or over.

2010 census

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 3,821 people, 1,657 households, and 1,041 families living in the county.[27] The population density was 8.0 inhabitants per square mile (3.1/km2). There were 1,880 housing units at an average density of 3.9 units per square mile (1.5 units/km2).[28] The racial makeup of the county was 90.3% white, 4.7% American Indian, 0.4% black or African American, 0.4% Asian, 0.1% Pacific islander, 1.6% from other races, and 2.4% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 3.3% of the population.[27] In terms of ancestry, 39.4% were German, 16.7% were English, 16.5% were Irish, and 3.0% were American.[29]

Of the 1,657 households, 24.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.8% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 37.2% were non-families, and 32.6% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.84. The median age was 48.0 years.[27]

The median income for a household in the county was $35,808 and the median income for a family was $41,250. Males had a median income of $32,933 versus $23,850 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,580. About 10.4% of families and 16.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.1% of those under age 18 and 7.2% of those age 65 or over.[30]

Communities

Cities

Unincorporated communities

Politics

As a unionized logging county,[31] Lewis County was the most Democratic single county in Idaho during the Fifth Party System – it never voted Republican between 1932 and 1968 – and retained its Democratic leanings into the 1980s when Michael Dukakis won a majority while losing nationwide. Since the 1990s, however, the county has tilted strongly Republican in US presidential elections.

United States presidential election results for Lewis County, Idaho[32]
Year Republican Democratic Third party
No. %No. %No. %
2020 1,489 79.63% 349 18.66% 32 1.71%
2016 1,202 75.60% 270 16.98% 118 7.42%
2012 1,173 72.63% 396 24.52% 46 2.85%
2008 1,275 70.68% 479 26.55% 50 2.77%
2004 1,359 74.67% 440 24.18% 21 1.15%
2000 1,295 76.72% 335 19.85% 58 3.44%
1996 861 45.80% 674 35.85% 345 18.35%
1992 593 33.35% 674 37.91% 511 28.74%
1988 786 48.76% 807 50.06% 19 1.18%
1984 1,000 60.02% 648 38.90% 18 1.08%
1980 1,088 53.00% 774 37.70% 191 9.30%
1976 824 46.61% 898 50.79% 46 2.60%
1972 961 56.97% 635 37.64% 91 5.39%
1968 697 38.70% 927 51.47% 177 9.83%
1964 487 23.83% 1,557 76.17% 0 0.00%
1960 781 35.29% 1,432 64.71% 0 0.00%
1956 833 39.20% 1,292 60.80% 0 0.00%
1952 1,004 44.04% 1,276 55.96% 0 0.00%
1948 487 27.62% 1,224 69.43% 52 2.95%
1944 589 32.52% 1,222 67.48% 0 0.00%
1940 729 33.17% 1,462 66.52% 7 0.32%
1936 507 23.39% 1,612 74.35% 49 2.26%
1932 526 26.88% 1,390 71.03% 41 2.10%
1928 1,146 58.35% 793 40.38% 25 1.27%
1924 650 32.44% 601 29.99% 753 37.57%
1920 1,013 58.49% 712 41.11% 7 0.40%
1916 901 39.28% 1,255 54.71% 138 6.02%
1912 436 16.97% 1,131 44.02% 1,002 39.00%

See also

References
  1. "2020 Census Data". data.census.gov.
  2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. "Lewis County one of state's youngest, and richest". Lewiston Morning Tribune. October 5, 1955. p. 11.
  4. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
  5. Hamilton, Ladd (June 25, 1961). "Heads were popping up all over the place". Lewiston Morning Tribune. p. 14.
  6. Brammer, Rhonda (July 24, 1977). "Unruly mobs dashed to grab land when reservation opened". Lewiston Morning Tribune. p. 6E.
  7. "3,000 took part in "sneak" when Nez Perce Reservation was opened". Lewiston Morning Tribune. November 19, 1931. p. 3.
  8. "Nez Perce Reservation". Spokesman-Review. December 11, 1921. p. 5.
  9. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  10. "Idaho State Historical Society Reference Series: Idaho Prehistoric Culture Areas" (PDF). Idaho State Historical Society. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 3, 2012. Retrieved February 26, 2017.
  11. "Idaho State Historical Society Reference Series: The Lewis and Clark Trail Across Idaho" (PDF). Idaho State Historical Society. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 3, 2012. Retrieved February 26, 2017.
  12. "Idaho State Historical Society Reference Series: Idaho Indian Reservations" (PDF). Idaho State Historical Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 9, 2017. Retrieved February 26, 2017.
  13. "Idaho State Historical Society Reference Series: Lawyer and the 1863 Nez Perce Treaty" (PDF). Idaho State Historical Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 24, 2016. Retrieved February 26, 2017.
  14. "Idaho State Historical Society Reference Series: Indians and Whites in the Nez Perce Country" (PDF). Idaho State Historical Society Reference Series. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 4, 2017. Retrieved February 26, 2017.
  15. "Town of Winchester Named Through a Stack of Rifles". Lewiston Morning Tribune. October 6, 1955. Retrieved February 26, 2017.
  16. "Historic Kamiah". hearthstonebakery.com. Retrieved February 26, 2017.
  17. Census Reports Volume I: Twelfth Census of the United States, Taken in the Year 1900 (PDF). Washington: United States Census Office. 1901. p. 112. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 14, 2015. Retrieved February 26, 2017.
  18. "Camas Prairie Railroad Marks 30th Anniversary as Veteran Conductor Recalls Pioneer Train Trip". Lewiston Morning Tribune. December 8, 1938. Retrieved February 26, 2017.
  19. "Idaho State Historical Society Reference Series: North Idaho Stage Lines" (PDF). Idaho State Historical Society Reference Series. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 3, 2012. Retrieved February 26, 2017.
  20. Thirteenth Census of the United States Taken in the Year 1910 (PDF). Washington: Government Printing Office. 1913. pp. 417–418. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 25, 2006. Retrieved February 26, 2017.
  21. Fourteenth Census of the United States Taken in the Year 1920. Washington: Government Printing Office. 1921. p. 391.
  22. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
  23. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
  24. "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
  25. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved July 1, 2014.
  26. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  27. "DP-1 Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
  28. "Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 – County". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
  29. "DP02 SELECTED SOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS IN THE UNITED STATES – 2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
  30. "DP03 SELECTED ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS – 2006–2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
  31. Phillips, Kevin P.; The Emerging Republican Majority, pp. 527-536
  32. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved April 4, 2018.

46.24°N 116.43°W / 46.24; -116.43

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