Li Boguang

Li studied Philosophy, Politics and Law at university, obtaining his Masters and Doctoral degrees from Peking University. In 1997, he became Professor of Law at Hainan University, but lost the role after being arrested the following year.[2]

Li became known internationally in 2004 as a result of his efforts to promote the rights of farmers in the Tangshan protest. Along with Yu Meisun and Zhao Yan, Li provided an advice to the farmers in Hebei Province who were resettled to make way for the Taolinkou reservoir, some 100 km (62 mi) east of Beijing. The farmers asserted that their compensation was not received as a result of corruption and misappropriation by officials from the local Government.[12] Led by Zhang Youren, a peasant activist, more than 11,000 displaced farmers signed a petition calling for the dismissal of the Municipal Party Secretary, Zhang He. Boguang aided the peasants in the organization of the protest, gaining him international attention, and resulting in his arrest.[13] However, he was subsequently released.[13] As a direct result of the Tangshan Protest Zhang Youren was detained, and a crackdown on rights activists was instigated by the authorities.[14][15]

In the same year, Li published an article which examined the impact of corruption on the lives of farmers. The article, entitled "Can Citizens Dismiss a Mayor" was published in Modern Civilisation Pictorial, No 12.[16] Reportedly, Li Boguang also advised farmers in Fu’an, a coastal city in the North of Fujian Province. Once again, farmers sought to create and deliver a petition to the central government regarding a land dispute.[17]

A hallmark of the protests in both Fujian and Hebei was the immense pressure that was put on villagers by the police force to denounce Li Boguang and his fellow activists.[18] This culminated in December 2004, when Li was arrested by the police in Fu’an. He was charged with defrauding farmers.[19] Police reportedly searched his home in Beijing, confiscating computers and documents.

In March 2005, AFP reported that Li had been released on condition that he remain in Beijing and have no contact with farmers or others seeking to petition the government about abuses by local officials.[20][21] The actual date of release was later reported as 21 January.[22]

There have been claims that Li was affiliated with the Fangzhou Congregation, a Chinese house church situated in Beijing's Chaoyang district.[23] Other members of the influential church include Gao Zhisheng and Yu Jie, founder of the Chinese branch of International PEN.[24] He also defended multiple Christians who had been arrested by the government, protecting them from perceived persecution.[25]

While proofreading in 1998, Li once read works by the Victorian era writer Samuel Smiles and was touched by the author, so he decided to translate and publish Smiles' works. Also he translated other writers like Robert A. Dahl and Niccolò Machiavelli, and published the books through Chinese publishing houses.[4]

Li was invited to visit the United States of America by non-governmental organization "China Aid" and the Institute on Chinese Law & Religion to join the China Freedom Summit in May 2005. Then Li and other members of the summit met also with the President of United States George W. Bush in the White House on 11 May.[5]

Prompted by his reading of Samuel Smiles, Li started to read the Bible in 1999. He began to visit a Beijing church in 2005 and was baptized on 30 July 2005 there.[5]

However, this description courted controversy, with activists and media outlets alike considering his demise to be "suspicious",[11] and allegations that the government report was not credible. Bob Fu, president of ChinaAid, demanded that the Chinese government provide a transparent account of Li's death.[3] Christian Solidarity Worldwide also considered the death to be "suspicious", and refuted the official account as Li's health was very good prior to his death.[27] The death served to return attention to China's human rights record and the welfare of those who oppose the authorities.[28] The government's treatment of Li was already under scrutiny following the assault perpetrated by men with alleged ties to the Communist Party of China in 2016,[8] and further threats which had allegedly been levied against him.[11]

International commentators remarked on the similarity between Li's death and that of Nobel Laureate Liu Xiaobo in 2017.[10]