Liagoraceae

Liagoraceae is a family of red algae (Rhodophyta) in the order Nemaliales.[2] The type genus is Liagora J.V.Lamouroux.

Liagoraceae
Liagora viscida
Scientific classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Archaeplastida
Division: Rhodophyta
Class: Florideophyceae
Order: Nemaliales
Family: Liagoraceae
Kützing, 1843[1]
Genera

See text

It was originally called Helminthocladiaceae by J.Agardh in 1851, but P. Silva in 1980 stated that this was predated by Liagoraceae which was published in 1843. Various authors over several years, had tried to form tribes within the family, but it was found (each time) that the family is not able to be divided naturally.[3] As the morphological character analyses show too much variation.[4]

The family was found to be polyphyletic (having a mixed evolutionary origin) based on analyses of rbcL enzymes. The 2 genera of Yamadaella and Liagoropsis, which were previously placed in the Dermonemataceae family, were found to have independent lineages and could be recognized as two new families Yamadaellaceae and Liagoropsidaceae.[5]

Description

Many species are irregular and paniculate (much-branched). They have a basic dichotomous branching but with numerous proliferous lateral branches.[6] They have a thallus (gametophyte) which is erect, they are approx. 1 to 30 cm (0.39 to 11.81 in) tall. With usually much branched irregularly to sub-dichotomously with terete branches, they are mucilagionous, multi-axical with a loose filamentous entwined medulla.[7]

Distribution

The family has cosmopolitan distribution.[8] Species are found in places such as Bermuda,[9] Hawaii,[10] New Caledonia,[11] Egypt,[12] Australia,[13][14] Canary Islands,[15] China (Hsisha Islands[16] and Hainan Island[17]) and Japan.[18]

They have been found at depths between 3 and 20 m (9.8 and 65.6 ft) (below the sea level).[19]

List of genera

According to the AlgaeBase (amount of species per genus);[20]

  • Akalaphycus Huisman, I.A.Abbott & A.R.Sherwood - 2 spp.
  • Cumagloia Setchell & N.L.Gardner - 1 sp. (Cumagloia andersonii (Farlow) Setchell & N.L.Gardner, 1917
  • Cylindraxis Kraft - 1 sp. (Cylindraxis rotundatus Kraft, 1989)
  • Dermonema Harvey ex Heydrich - 5 spp.
  • Dotyophycus I.A.Abbott - 5 spp.
  • Ganonema K.-C.Fan & Y.-C.Wang - 13 spp.
  • Gloiocallis S.-M.Lin, Huisman & D.L.Ballantine - 1 sp. (Gloiocallis dendroidea (P.Crouan & H.Crouan) Showe M.Lin, Huisman & D.L.Ballantine, 2014)
  • Gloiotrichus Huisman & Kraft - 2 spp.
  • Helminthocladia J.Agardh - 20 spp.
  • Helminthora J.Agardh - 8 spp.
  • Hommersandiophycus Showe M.Lin & J.M.Huisman - 5 spp.
  • Izziella Doty - 5 spp.
  • Liagora J.V.Lamouroux - 55 spp.
  • Macrocarpus Showe M.Lin, S.-Y.Yang & Huisman - 3 spp.
  • Neoizziella S.-M.Lin, S.-Y.Yang & Huisman - 2 spp.
  • Otohimella Mas.Suzuki - 1 sp. (Otohimella japonica (Yamada) Mas.Suzuki, T.Segawa, Hi.Mori & H.Nozaki, 2016)
  • Patenocarpus Yoshizaki - 1 sp. (Patenocarpus paraphysiferus Yoshizaki, 1987)
  • Sinocladia C.K.Tseng & W.Li - 8 spp.
  • Stenopeltis Itono & Yoshizaki - 1 sp. (Stenopeltis gracilis (Yamada & Tanaka) Itono & Yoshizaki, 1992)
  • Titanophycus Huisman, G.W.Saunders & A.R.Sherwood - 3 spp.
  • Trichogloea Kützing - 3 spp.
  • Trichogloeopsis I.A.Abbott & Doty - 6 spp.
  • Yoshizakia S.-M.Lin, Huisman & C.Payri - 1 sp. (Yoshizakia indopacifica S.-M.Lin, Huisman & C.Payri, 2013)

The GBIF,[8] and WoRMS also accepts;[21]

  • Liagoropsis Yamada, 1944 - 3 sp.
  • Yamadaella I.A.Abbott, 1970 - 2 sp.

References
  1. Kützing, F.T., 1843. Phycologia generalis oder Anatomie, Physiologie und Systemkunde der Tange. Mit 80 farbig gedruckten Tafeln, gezeichnet und gravirt vom Verfasser. Leipzig: F.A. Brockhaus. xxiv+458 pp.
  2. Kamiya, M.; Lindstrom, S.C.; Nakayama, T.; Yokoyama, A.; Lin, S.-M.; Guiry, M.D.; Gurgel, F.D.G.; Huisman, J.M.; Kitayama, T.; Suzuki, M.; Cho, T.O.; Frey, W. (2017). "Part 2/2: Photoautotrophic eukaryotic Algae. ( Eds)". In Frey, W. (ed.). Rhodophyta. In: Syllabus of Plant Families (13 ed.). Stuttgart: Borntraeger Science Publishers. pp. 1–171. ISBN 978-3-443-01094-2.
  3. Paul C. Silva, Philip W. Basson, Richard L. Moe Catalogue of the Benthic Marine Algae of the Indian Ocean (1996), p. 11, at Google Books
  4. Debashish Bhattacharya (Editor) Origins of Algae and their Plastids (2012), p. 126, at Google Books
  5. Lin, Showe-Mei; Rodríguez-Prieto, Conxi; Huisman, John M.; Guiry, Michael D.; Payri, Claude; Nelson, Wendy A.; Liu, Shao-Lun (June 2015). "A phylogenetic re-appraisal of the family Liagoraceae sensu lato (Nemaliales, Rhodophyta) based on sequence analyses of two plastid genes and postfertilization development". Journal of Phycology. 51 (3): 546–559. doi:10.1111/jpy.12301. hdl:10379/12457. PMID 26986669. S2CID 206147255.
  6. John Marinus Huisman Algae of Australia (2006), p. 4, at Google Books
  7. J. Cramer Nova Hedwigia: Beiheft (1993), p. 24, at Google Books
  8. "Liagoraceae". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
  9. Popolizio, Thea R; Schneider, Craig W; Lane, Christopher E (August 2015). "A molecular evaluation of the Liagoraceae sensu lato (Nemaliales, Rhodophyta) in Bermuda including Liagora nesophila sp. nov. and Yamadaella grassyi sp. nov". J. Phycol. 51 (4): 637–58. doi:10.1111/jpy.12306. PMID 26986788. S2CID 34018825.
  10. Huisman J.M., Abbott LA. & Sherwood A.R., 2004 - The Liagoraceae (Nemaliales, Rhodophyta) of the Hawaiian Islands III: The genus Ganonema, with a description of Ganonema yoshizakii sp. nov. Phycologia 43: 296-310.
  11. Huisman, John M.; Millar, Alan!. K. (2007). "The Liagoraceae (Rhodophyta) of New Caledonia collected by Vieillard, including Ganonema filicoides (Kiitzing) comb. nov". Cryptogamic, Algol. 28 (3): 201–207.
  12. Diane Scullion Littler and Mark Masterton Littler South Pacific Reef Plants: A Divers' Guide to the Plant Life of South Pacific Coral Reefs (2003), p. 58, at Google Books
  13. Huisman J.M., 2002. - The type and Australian species of the red algal genera Liagora and Ganonema (Liagoraceae, Nemaliales). Australian systematic botany 15: 773-838.
  14. Huisman J.M., 2006 - Algae of Australia: Nemaliales. Canberra, ABRS; Melbourne, CSIRO Publishing, viii + 153 p.
  15. Kvaternik, D.; Afonso-Carrillo, J. (1 November 1995). "The red algal genus Liagora (Liagoraceae, Rhodophyta) from the Canary Islands". Phycologia. 34 (6): 449–471. doi:10.2216/I0031-8884-34-6-449.1.
  16. Fan K.-C. & Wang Y.-C., 1974 - Studies on the marine algae of Xisha Islands, China I. Ganonema gen. nov. Acta phytotaxonomica Sinica 12: 489-495.
  17. Titlyanov, E.A.; Titlyanova, T.V.; Huang, Hui (21 November 2016). Coral Reef Marine Plants of Hainan Island. ISBN 9780128119631. Retrieved 11 December 2022.
  18. Yoshizaki M., 1979 - Morphology and taxonomy of the Japanese representative of Nemaliales (4), Thallus structure and reproductive organs of Yamadaella cenomyce. Journal of Japanese botany 54: 225-233.
  19. Huisman, John M.; Kraft, Gerald T. (May 1994). "Studies of the Liagoraceae (Rhodophyta) of Western Australia: Gloiotrichus fractalis gen. et sp. nov. & Ganonema helminthaxis sp. nov". European Journal of Phycology. 29 (2): 73–85. doi:10.1080/09670269400650521. S2CID 85436246.
  20. "Taxonomy Browser :: AlgaeBase". www.algaebase.org. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  21. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Liagoraceae Kützing, 1843". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 9 December 2022.
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