Limosilactobacillus

Limosilactobacillus is a thermophilic and heterofermentative genus of lactic acid bacteria created in 2020 by splitting from Lactobacillus.[1] The name is derived from the Latin limosus "slimy", referring to the property of most strains in the genus to produce exopolysaccharides from sucrose.[2][1] The genus currently includes 31 species or subspecies, most of these were isolated from the intestinal tract of humans or animals.[3] Limosilactobacillus reuteri has been used as a model organism to evaluate the host-adaptation of lactobacilli to the human and animal intestine [4][5] and for the recruitment of intestinal lactobacilli for food fermentations.[6][7]

Limosilactobacillus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Bacillota
Class: Bacilli
Order: Lactobacillales
Family: Lactobacillaceae
Genus: Limosilactobacillus
Zheng et al. 2020[1]
Type species
Limosilactobacillus fermentum
(Beijerinck 1901) Zheng et al. 2020
Species

See text.

Limosilactobacilli are heterofermentative and produce lactate, CO2, and acetate or ethanol from glucose; several limosilactobacilli, particularly strains of Lm. reuteri convert glycerol or 1,2-propanediol to 1,3 propanediol or propanol, respectively.[8] Most strains do not grow in presence of oxygen, or in de Man, Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) medium, the standard medium for cultivation of lactobacilli. Addition of maltose, cysteine and fructose to MRS is usually sufficient for cultivation of limosilactobacilli.

Species

The genus Limosilactobacillus comprises the following species:[9]

  • Limosilactobacillus agrestis Li et al. 2021
  • Limosilactobacillus albertensis Li et al. 2021
  • Limosilactobacillus alvi Zheng et al. 2020
  • Limosilactobacillus antri (Roos et al. 2005) Zheng et al. 2020
  • Limosilactobacillus balticus Li et al. 2021
  • Limosilactobacillus caviae (Killer et al. 2017) Zheng et al. 2020
  • Limosilactobacillus coleohominis (Nikolaitchouk et al. 2001) Zheng et al. 2020
  • Limosilactobacillus equigenerosi (Endo et al. 2008) Zheng et al. 2020
  • Limosilactobacillus fastidiosus Li et al. 2021
  • Limosilactobacillus fermentum (Beijerinck 1901) Zheng et al. 2020
  • Limosilactobacillus frumenti (Müller et al. 2000) Zheng et al. 2020
  • Limosilactobacillus gastricus (Roos et al. 2005) Zheng et al. 2020
  • Limosilactobacillus gorillae (Tsuchida et al. 2014) Zheng et al. 2020
  • Limosilactobacillus ingluviei (Baele et al. 2003) Zheng et al. 2020
  • Limosilactobacillus mucosae (Roos et al. 2000) Zheng et al. 2020
  • Limosilactobacillus oris (Farrow and Collins 1988) Zheng et al. 2020
  • Limosilactobacillus panis (Wiese et al. 1996) Zheng et al. 2020
  • Limosilactobacillus pontis (Vogel et al. 1994) Zheng et al. 2020
  • Limosilactobacillus portuensis Ksiezarek et al. 2021
  • Limosilactobacillus reuteri (Kandler et al. 1982) Zheng et al. 2020
  • Limosilactobacillus rudii Li et al. 2021
  • Limosilactobacillus secaliphilus (Ehrmann et al. 2007) Zheng et al. 2020
  • Limosilactobacillus urinaemulieris Ksiezarek et al. 2021
  • Limosilactobacillus vaginalis (Embley et al. 1989) Zheng et al. 2020

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature[9] and the phylogeny is based on whole-genome sequences.[1]

Limosilactobacillus

Limosilactobacillus antri

Limosilactobacillus oris

Limosilactobacillus panis

Limosilactobacillus frumenti

Limosilactobacillus vaginalis

Limosilactobacillus pontis

Limosilactobacillus caviae

Limosilactobacillus reuteri

Limosilactobacillus ingluviei

Limosilactobacillus alvi

Limosilactobacillus coleohominis

Limosilactobacillus secaliphilus

Limosilactobacillus mucosae

Limosilactobacillus equigenerosi

Limosilactobacillus gastricus

Limosilactobacillus gorillae

Limosilactobacillus fermentum

outgroup

Holzapfelia

References
  1. Zheng, Jinshui; Wittouck, Stijn; Salvetti, Elisa; Franz, Charles M.A.P.; Harris, Hugh M.B.; Mattarelli, Paola; O’Toole, Paul W.; Pot, Bruno; Vandamme, Peter; Walter, Jens; Watanabe, Koichi (2020). "A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 70 (4): 2782–2858. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.004107. ISSN 1466-5026. PMID 32293557.
  2. Li, Xiaodan; Wang, Xiaofei; Meng, Xiangfeng; Dijkhuizen, Lubbert; Liu, Weifeng (2020-12-01). "Structures, physico-chemical properties, production and (potential) applications of sucrose-derived α-d-glucans synthesized by glucansucrases". Carbohydrate Polymers. 249: 116818. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116818. hdl:11370/03ec24ef-7b97-4912-9d35-a87fbef2b9b5. ISSN 0144-8617. PMID 32933666. S2CID 221747286.
  3. "Taxonomy and nomenclature of lactobacilli".
  4. Frese, Steven A.; Benson, Andrew K.; Tannock, Gerald W.; Loach, Diane M.; Kim, Jaehyoung; Zhang, Min; Oh, Phaik Lyn; Heng, Nicholas C. K.; Patil, Prabhu B.; Juge, Nathalie; MacKenzie, Donald A. (2011-02-17). "The Evolution of Host Specialization in the Vertebrate Gut Symbiont Lactobacillus reuteri". PLOS Genetics. 7 (2): e1001314. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1001314. ISSN 1553-7404. PMC 3040671. PMID 21379339.
  5. Duar, Rebbeca M.; Frese, Steven A.; Lin, Xiaoxi B.; Fernando, Samodha C.; Burkey, Thomas E.; Tasseva, Guergana; Peterson, Daniel A.; Blom, Jochen; Wenzel, Cory Q.; Szymanski, Christine M.; Walter, Jens (2017). "Experimental Evaluation of Host Adaptation of Lactobacillus reuteri to Different Vertebrate Species". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 83 (12). doi:10.1128/aem.00132-17. PMC 5452824. PMID 28389535.
  6. Zheng, Jinshui; Zhao, Xin; Lin, Xiaoxi B.; Gänzle, Michael (2015-12-11). "Comparative genomics Lactobacillus reuteri from sourdough reveals adaptation of an intestinal symbiont to food fermentations". Scientific Reports. 5 (1): 18234. Bibcode:2015NatSR...518234Z. doi:10.1038/srep18234. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4995734. PMID 26658825.
  7. Li, Qing; Gänzle, Michael G. (2020-02-01). "Host-adapted lactobacilli in food fermentations: impact of metabolic traits of host adapted lactobacilli on food quality and human health". Current Opinion in Food Science. 31: 71–80. doi:10.1016/j.cofs.2020.02.002. ISSN 2214-7993. S2CID 213459081.
  8. Gänzle, Michael G. (2015-04-01). "Lactic metabolism revisited: metabolism of lactic acid bacteria in food fermentations and food spoilage". Current Opinion in Food Science. 2: 106–117. doi:10.1016/j.cofs.2015.03.001. ISSN 2214-7993.
  9. Euzéby JP, Parte AC. "Acetilactobacillus". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved July 1, 2021.


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