List of Bronze Age states
The Bronze Age (c. 3300–1200 BC) marks the emergence of the first complex state societies, and by the Middle Bronze Age (mid-3rd millennium BC) the first empires. This is a list of Bronze Age polities.
![](../I/World_in_1000_BCE.png.webp)
Overview map of the world at the end of the 2nd millennium BC, color-coded by cultural stage:
Palaeolithic or Mesolithic hunter-gatherers
nomadic pastoralists
simple farming societies
Bronze Age |
---|
↑ Chalcolithic |
↓ Iron Age |
By the end of the Bronze Age, complex state societies were mostly limited to the Fertile Crescent and to China, while Bronze Age tribal chiefdoms with less complex forms of administration were found throughout Bronze Age Europe and Central Asia, in the northern Indian subcontinent, and in parts of Mesoamerica and the Andes (although these latter societies were not in the Bronze Age cultural stage).
West Asia
![](../I/AlterOrient2.png.webp)
The Hittite Empire shown in blue, late Bronze Age, 1400 BC
Name | Capital | State type | Existed |
---|---|---|---|
Ahhiyawa | Milawata or Millawanda | Kingdom | 1450–1220 BC |
Akkadian Empire | Akkad | Empire | 2334–2193 BC |
Amorite | Various | United kingdoms | 2000–1595 BC |
Aratta | Aratta | Kingdom | c.2700–? BC |
Arameans | Various | Tribal chiefdoms/kingdom | 2300–700 BC |
Arme-Shupria | Van | Kingdom | 1290–1190 BC |
Armi | Armi | Kingdom city state/client | 2290–40 BC |
Arzawa | Apasa | Confederation of principalities | 2300–1200 BC |
Assyria | Assur | Kingdom | 1975–934 BC |
Assuwa league | Various | Confederation of city states | 1300–1250 BC |
Babylonia | Babylon | Kingdom | 1894–732 BC |
Bashan | Bashan | Confederation | 1330–928 BC |
Byblos | Byblos | City state | 1800–970 BC |
Canaan | Various | Confederation of city states | 3500–1194 BC |
Karuwa or Caria | Apasa | Kingdom | 1250–560 BC |
Dardania | Dardania | Kingdom | 1527–1183 BC |
Dilmun | Qal'at | Kingdom | 2600–675 BC |
Ebla | Ebla | Kingdom | 3500–1600 BC |
Edom | Rabbath Ammon | Kingdom | 1200–125 BC |
Elam | Susa | Kingdom | 2700–1210 BC |
Eshnuna | Eshnunna | Kingdom city state | 2000 BC – 8th century BC |
Ganhar | Ganhar | Kingdom city state | c.2350 BC – 2250 BC |
Gutium | Arrapkha | Kingdom | 2141–2050 BC |
Hatti | Hattusa | Principality city states | 2700–1900 BC |
Hayasa-Azzi | Samuha | 2 Kingdom confederation | 1500–1190 BC |
Hitti | Hattussa | Kingdom | 1900–1600 BC |
Hittite Empire | Hattusa | Empire | 1600–1178 BC |
Hyksos | Itjtawy, Thebes | Confederacy | 1800–1178 BC |
Isuwa | not specified | Kingdom | 3000 – 12th c BC |
Kassite | ? | Tribal federation | c.21st c – 1750 BC |
Kassite | Babylon | Kingdom | 1750–1135 BC |
Kaskia | Zalpa, Nerik | Tribal confederation/kingdom | 1430–1200 BC |
Kizzuwatna | Kummanni | Kingdom | 1600–1220 BC |
Kussara | Kussara | Kingdom city states | 1900–1650 BC |
Lydia | Sardis | Kingdom | 1200–680 BC |
Lukka | Not specified | Tribal kingdom | 2000–1183 BC |
Lullubi | Lulubuna | Tribal kingdom | 2400–650 BC |
Luvia | Tribal kingdom | 2300–1400 BC | |
Magan | Not specified | Kingdom | 2200–550 BC |
Ma'in | Ḥaram, Yathill | Kingdom | 1200–85 BC |
Marhasi | Marhaši | Kingdom city state | 2900–1900 BC |
Mari | Mari | Kingdom city state | 2900–1759 BC |
Minoa | Knossos | Kingdom city states | 2700–1420 BC |
Mittani | Washukanni | Kingdom | 1690–1300 BC |
Mysia | Pergamene | Kingdom | 1320–301 BC[1] |
Namar | Namar | Kingdom | 2350–750 BC |
Moab | Dibon | Kingdom | 1300–400 BC |
Paphlagonia | Gangra | Kingdom | 1480–183 BC[2] |
Phoenicia | Various | Kingdom city states | 1800–539 BC |
Phrygia | Gordium | Kingdom | 1200–547 BC |
Purushanda | Purušhanda | Kingdom city state | 2000–1650 BC |
Sam'al | Samal | Principality/kingdom | 1200–680 BC |
Sea Peoples | Not specified | Tribal confederacy | c.2000–1175 BC |
Sumer | Various | Kingdom city states | 4500–1900 BC |
Troas | Troy | Kingdom | 3000–700 BC |
Tyre | Tyre | Kingdom city state | 1500–990 BC |
Ugarit | Ugarit | Kingdom city state | 2500–1090 BC |
Upper Mesopotamia | Assur | Kingdom | 1809–1776 BC |
Urkesh | Urkesh | Kingdom city state/client | 2250–1350 BC |
Wilusa | Wilusa | Kingdom city state | c.2000–1180 BC |
Yamhad | Halab | Kingdom | 1810–1525 BC |
Zabshali | Zalpa | Kingdom city state | c.2050–2000 BC |
Zalpa | Zalpa | Kingdom city state/client | 1830–1670 BC |
North Africa
Name | Capital/s | Type | Existed |
---|---|---|---|
Aethiopia | Adulis | Kingdom | c. 13th – 5th century BC |
Egypt | Memphis, Thebes | Kingdom | 3150–1550 BC |
Egyptian Empire | Akhetaten, Pi-Ramesses, Thebes | Empire | 1550–1069 BC |
Nubia | Kerma | Principalities[3] | 2500–15th century BC |
Libu | Not specified | Tribal chiefdoms | 1550–630 BC[4] |
Punt | Not specified | Kingdom | 2400–1069 BC |
Americas
name | capital | state type | existed |
---|---|---|---|
Maya | Various | Kingdom city states | 2000 BC – 900 AD |
Olmec | La Venta | Kingdom city states | 1400–400 BC |
Europe
Ancient history |
---|
Preceded by prehistory |
|
Name | Capital/s | Type | Existed |
---|---|---|---|
Athens | Athens | Kingdom city state | 1556–1068 BC |
Alba Longa | Lavinium | Kingdom | 1200–753 BC |
Alashiya | Enkomi, Kalavasos | Kingdom | 1450–1050 BC |
Crestonia | Creston | Principality | 14th century BC – 431 BC |
Elis | Elis | Kingdom | 1300 BC – 431 BC |
Lacedaemon | Sparta | Kingdom | 1300–950 BC |
Locria | Amphissa, Naupactus | Kingdom | 1250–386 BC |
Messenia | Messene | Kingdom | 1300–724 BC |
Minoa | Knossos | Kingdom city states | 2700–1000 BC |
Mycenaea | Mycenae | Kingdom city states | 1600–1100 BC |
Mygdonia | Not specified | Tribal kingdom | 16th century BC – 6th century BC |
Pelasgia | Pavlopetri[5] | Tribal kingdom | 3000–1183 BC |
Phrygia | Not specified | Tribal kingdom | 1450–1200 BC |
Sea Peoples | Not specified | Tribal confederacy | c. 2000 – 1175 BC |
Sicani | Not specified | Tribal confederation | c. 13th century – 300 BC |
Thrace | Various | Tribal chiefdoms | 1500–450 BC |
Eurasian Steppe and Central Asia
Name | Capital | Type | Existed |
---|---|---|---|
Bactria–Margiana | Gonur | Tribal kingdoms | 2300–1700 BC |
Chorasmia | Dzanbas-Kala, Toprak-Kala | Tribal confederation/kingdom | 1292–180 BC |
Cimmeria | Not specified | Tribal confederation | 1300–626 BC |
Colchis | Phasis | Kingdom | 1300 BC – 2nd century AD |
Donghu | Not specified | Nomadic tribal confederation | 1400–150 BC |
East Asia
![](../I/Shang_dynasty.svg.png.webp)
Approximate location of the territory of the Shang Kingdom within China
name | capital | state type | existed |
---|---|---|---|
Ba | Yíchéng | Tribal confederation | 13th century BC – 311 BC |
Gojoseon | Asadal, Wanggeom-seong | Kingdom | 2333–108 BC |
Qi | Qi | Dukedom | 1600–445 BC |
Qiang | Not specified | Tribal chiefdoms/confederation | 2000 BC – 150 BC |
Shang | Anyang | Kingdom | 1600–1046 BC |
Sumpa | Not specified | Tribal chiefdom/client | 1600 BC – 7th century AD |
Văn Lang | Anyang | Confederation/kingdom | 2879–258 BC |
Xia | Yangcheng | Kingdom | 2205–1600 BC |
Xu | Gusu | Viscountcy/client | 2000–512 BC |
South Asia
![](../I/Civilt%C3%A0ValleIndoMappa.png.webp)
Extent of various city states of the Harrapa Civilization by researcher Rajesh Rao.
name | capital | state type | existed |
---|---|---|---|
Indus Valley civilization | Harappa ? | unclear | 3300–1300 BC |
See also
- Copper Age state societies
- List of Iron Age states (c. 1200–600 BC)
- List of Classical Age states (c. 600 BC–200 AD)
- List of former sovereign states
- List of ancient great powers
- List of largest empires
References
- "Kingdoms of Anatolia". 2014. The History Files. Retrieved 31 May 2014.
- "Middle East Kingdoms Ancient Anatolia". 2014. The History Files. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
- "Karmah Archaeological site (The Sudan)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Britannica Inc. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
- Taylor, Francis. "Kingdoms of North Africa: Encyclopaedia of African History: Volume 1 A-G". 1999–2014. The History Files. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
- "European Kingdoms Ancient Greece". 2014. The History Files. Retrieved 29 May 2014.
External links
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