List of Nepenthes species

This list of Nepenthes species is a comprehensive listing of all known species of the carnivorous plant genus Nepenthes. It includes 179 recognised extant species, 2 incompletely diagnosed taxa, and 3 nothospecies. Three possible extinct species are also covered.

Sympatric upper pitchers of N. jamban (left) and N. lingulata (right) in Sumatran upper montane forest

The official IUCN conservation status of each species is taken from the latest edition of the IUCN Red List.[1] Unofficial assessments based on the IUCN criteria are also included, but are presented in italics. Unless otherwise noted, taxonomic determinations and all other information are sourced from Stewart McPherson's two-volume Pitcher Plants of the Old World, published in 2009.[2] Where recent literature provides an altitudinal distribution that falls outside the range given in Pitcher Plants of the Old World, the discrepancy is noted.

All major islands within a species's geographic range are included. Smaller surrounding islands are listed separately under "Minor islands", though these lists are not exhaustive. In the case of archipelagos such as the Philippines, the individual islands to which the species is native are shown in brackets.

Authorities are presented in the form of a standard author citation, using abbreviations specified by the International Plant Names Index.[3] Years given denote the year of the species's formal publication under the current name, thus excluding the earlier basionym date of publication if one exists.

Extant species
SpeciesAuthorityYearImageDistributionAltitudinal distributionIUCN conservation status
Nepenthes abalata[4]Jebb & Cheek[4]2013[4]Philippines (Culion, Cuyo, Malalison)[4]0–20 m[4]Least Concern
Nepenthes abgracilis[5]Jebb & Cheek[5]2013[5]Philippines (Mindanao)[5]670 m[5]Critically Endangered[5]
Nepenthes adnataTamin & M.Hotta ex Schlauer1994         Sumatra600–1200 mEndangered
Nepenthes aenigma[6]Nuytemans, W.Suarez & Calaramo[6]2016[6]Philippines (Luzon)[6]c. 1200 m[6]Data Deficient[6]
Nepenthes alataBlanco1837Philippines (Luzon)[7][nb 1]550–? m[nb 1]Least Concern
Nepenthes albaRidl.1924Peninsular Malaysia1600–2187 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes albomarginataT.Lobb ex Lindl.1849Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra

Minor islands: Nias, Penang		0–1100 m[nb 2]Least Concern
Nepenthes alfredoiV.B.Amoroso, N.E.Lagunday, F.P. Coritico & R.D.Colong[9]2017[9][10]Philippines (Mindanao)[9]160–345 m[9]Critically Endangered[9]
Nepenthes alzapan[11]Jebb & Cheek[11]2013[11]Philippines (Luzon)[11]1800 m[11]Data Deficient
Nepenthes ampullariaJack1835Borneo, Maluku Islands, New Guinea, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Thailand

Minor islands:[12] Bangka Belitung Islands[13] (Bangka), Bengkalis, Ko Lanta, Ko Tarutao, Langkawi, Mendol, Mentawai Islands (Siberut), Meranti Islands (Padang, Rangsang, Tebing Tinggi), Nias, Penang, Riau Islands (Lingga Islands, Natuna Islands,[14] Riau Archipelago), Rupat		0–2100 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes andamana[15]M.Catal.[15]2010[15]Thailand[15]0–50 m[16]
Nepenthes angasanensisMaulder, D.Schub., B.R.Salmon & B.Quinn1999Sumatra2200–2800 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes appendiculata[17]Chi.C.Lee, Bourke, Rembold, W.Taylor & S.T.Yeo[17]2011[17]Borneo[17]1450–1700 m[17]Least Concern
Nepenthes argentiiJebb & Cheek1997Philippines (Sibuyan)1400–1900 mVulnerable
Nepenthes aristolochioidesJebb & Cheek1997Sumatra1800–2500 mCritically Endangered
Nepenthes armin[18]Jebb & Cheek[18]2014[18]Philippines (Sibuyan)[18]750 m[18]Least Concern
Nepenthes attenboroughiiA.S.Rob., S.McPherson & V.B.Heinrich2009Philippines (Palawan)1450[19]–1726 mCritically Endangered
Nepenthes barcelonae[20]Tandang & Cheek[20]2015[20]Philippines (Luzon)[20]1500–1700 m[20]Critically Endangered[20]
Nepenthes beccarianaMacfarl.1908Nias, Sumatra?[21]unknown
(0–<800 m)[22]		Data Deficient[23]
Nepenthes belliiK.Kondo1969Philippines (Dinagat, Mindanao)0–800 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes benstoneiC.Clarke1999Peninsular Malaysia150[24]–1350 m[25]Data Deficient[21][23]
Nepenthes berbuluH.L.Tan, G.Lim, Mey, Golos, Wistuba, S.McPherson & A.S.Rob.2023[26]Peninsular Malaysia[26]1400-2100 m[26]Endangered
Nepenthes biak[27]Jebb & Cheek[27]2018[27]Schouten Islands (Biak)[27]sea level[27]Critically Endangered[27]
Nepenthes bicalcarataHook.f.1873Borneo0–?950 m[nb 3]Vulnerable
Nepenthes bokorensisMey2009Cambodia800–1080 mEndangered[28]
Nepenthes bongsoKorth.1839Sumatra1000–2700 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes boschianaKorth.1839Borneo1200–1800 m[nb 4]Endangered
Nepenthes bracteosaSuran. & Nuanlaong2022Thailand710-760 mCritically Endangered
Nepenthes burbidgeaeHook.f. ex Burb.1882Borneo1200–1800 m[nb 5]Endangered
Nepenthes burkeiHort.Veitch ex Mast.1889Philippines (Mindoro, Panay?)1100–2000 mConservation Dependent[23]
Nepenthes cabanae[31]Lagunday, N. E. & Amoroso, V. B.[31]2019 [31]Philippines (Mindanao)[31]1020-1050 m[31]Critically Endangered[31]
Nepenthes campanulataSh.Kurata1973Borneo, Philippines (Palawan?[32])100–300 m[32]Vulnerable
Nepenthes candalagaLagunday & V. B. Amoroso2022Philippines (Mindanao)[33]1800 – 2100 m[33]Critically Endangered
Nepenthes ceciliae[34]Gronem., Coritico, Micheler, Marwinski, Acil & V.B.Amoroso[34]2011[34]Philippines (Mindanao)[34]1500–1880 m[34]Critically Endangered[35]
Nepenthes chang[36]M.Catal.[36]2010[36]Thailand[36]300–600 m[36]
Nepenthes chanianaC.Clarke, Chi.C.Lee & S.McPherson2006Borneo1100–1800 mEndangered
Nepenthes cid[5]Jebb & Cheek[5]2013[5]Philippines (Mindanao)[5]770 m[5]Critically Endangered[5]
Nepenthes clipeataDanser1928Borneo600–800 mCritically Endangered
Nepenthes copelandiiMerr. ex Macfarl.1908Philippines (Mindanao)1100–2400 m[19]Least Concern
Nepenthes cornuta[37]Marwinski, Coritico, Wistuba, Micheler, Gronem., Gieray & V.B.Amoroso[37]2014[37]Philippines (Mindanao)[37]~1000 m[37]Vulnerable[37]
Nepenthes danseriJebb & Cheek1997Raja Ampat Islands (Waigeo)[38]0–320 mVulnerable
Nepenthes deanianaMacfarl.1908Philippines (Palawan)1180–1296 mNear Threatened
Nepenthes densifloraDanser1940Sumatra1700–3200 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes diabolica[39]A.Bianchi, Chi.C.Lee, Golos, Mey, M.Mansur & A.S.Rob.[39]2020[39]Sulawesi[39]2200–2300 m[39]Critically Endangered[39]
Nepenthes diatasJebb & Cheek1997Sumatra2400–2900 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes distillatoriaL.1753Sri Lanka0–700 mVulnerable
Nepenthes domei[40]M.N.Faizal, A.Amin, & A.Latiff[40]2020[40]Peninsular Malaysia[40]850-1000 m[40]Vulnerable[40]
Nepenthes dubiaDanser1928Sumatra1600–2700 mCritically Endangered
Nepenthes edwardsianaH.Low ex Hook.f.1859Borneo1600–2700 m[nb 6]Vulnerable
Nepenthes ephippiataDanser1928Borneo1300–2000 m[nb 7]Vulnerable
Nepenthes epiphytica[42]A.S.Rob., Nerz & Wistuba[42]2011[42]Borneo[42]~1000 m[42]
Nepenthes erucoides[43]A.S. Rob. & S.G. Zamudio[43]2019[43]Philippines (Dinagat Islands)[43]800-929 m[43]Critically endangered[43]
Nepenthes eustachyaMiq.1858Sumatra0–1600 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes extincta[44]Jebb & Cheek[44]2013[44]Philippines (Mindanao)[44]c. 400 m[44]Critically Endangered[44]
Nepenthes eymaeSh.Kurata1984Sulawesi1000–2000 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes faizalianaJ.H.Adam & Wilcock1991Borneo400–1600 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes flavaWistuba, Nerz & A.Fleischm.2007Sumatra1800–2200 m
Nepenthes fractiflexa[45]Golos, A.S.Rob. & Barer[45]2020[45]Borneo[45]1400–2150 m[45]Near Threatened[45]
Nepenthes fuscaDanser1928Borneo300[46]–2500 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes gantungensis[47]S.McPherson, Cervancia, Chi.C.Lee, Jaunzems, Mey & A.S.Rob.[47]2010[47]Philippines (Palawan)[47]1600–1784 m[47]Vulnerable
Nepenthes glabrataJ.R.Turnbull & A.T.Middleton1984Sulawesi1600–2100 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes glanduliferaChi.C.Lee2004Borneo1100–1700 m
Nepenthes graciliflora[7]Elmer[7]1912[7]Philippines (Bohol, Leyte, Luzon, Mindanao, Mindoro, Panay, Samar, Sibuyan)[7]300–1280 m[7]Least Concern
Nepenthes gracilisKorth.1839Borneo, Cambodia,[48] Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand

Minor islands:[12] Bangka Belitung Islands[13] (Bangka, Belitung[49]), Batu Islands, Bengkalis, Ko Lanta, Ko Tarutao, Labuan,[50] Langkawi, Mendol, Mentawai Islands (Siberut), Meranti Islands (Padang, Rangsang, Tebing Tinggi), Musala, Nias, Penang, Phuket, Riau Islands (Lingga Islands, Natuna Islands,[14] Riau Archipelago), Rupat		0–1100 m[nb 8]Least Concern
Nepenthes gracillimaRidl.1908Peninsular Malaysia1400–2000 m[24]Least Concern
Nepenthes gymnamphoraReinw. ex Nees1824Java, Sumatra600–2800 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes halmahera[38]Cheek[38]2015[38]Maluku Islands (Halmahera)[38]10–760 m[38]Least Concern
Nepenthes hamataJ.R.Turnbull & A.T.Middleton1984Sulawesi1400–2500 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes hamiguitanensis[51]Gronem., Wistuba, V.B.Heinrich, S.McPherson, Mey & V.B.Amoroso[51]2010[51]Philippines (Mindanao)[51]1200–1600 m[51]Vulnerable[51]
Nepenthes harauensis[52]Hernawati, R.Satria & Chi.C.Lee [52]2022 [52]Sumatra[52]1100–1400 m [52]Unassessed(?)[52]
Nepenthes hemsleyana[53]Macfarl.[53]1908[53]Borneo[53]0–200 m[54]Conservation Dependent[55]
Nepenthes hirsutaHook.f.1873Borneo200–1100 m[nb 9]Least Concern
Nepenthes hirtellaNuanlaong & Suran.2022Thailand348 - 355 mCritically Endangered
Nepenthes hispidaBeck1895Borneo100–800 mConservation Dependent
Nepenthes holdenii[57]Mey[57]2010[57]Cambodia[57]600–800 m[57]Near Threatened[57]
Nepenthes hurrellianaCheek & A.L.Lamb2003Borneo1300[46]–2400 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes inermisDanser1928Sumatra1500–2600 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes insignisDanser1928New Guinea[27]0–850 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes izumiaeTroy Davis, C.Clarke & Tamin2003Sumatra1700–1900 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes jacquelineaeC.Clarke, Troy Davis & Tamin2001Sumatra1700–2200 mData Deficient[21][23] / Conservation Dependent[58]
Nepenthes jambanChi.C.Lee, Hernawati & Akhriadi2006Sumatra1800–2100 m
Nepenthes junghuhniisensu Macfarl. in sched. nom.nud.1917Sumatra1220 mData Deficient[23]
Nepenthes justinae[6]Gronem., Wistuba, Mey & V.B.Amoroso[6]2016[6]Philippines (Mindanao)[6]1000–1620 m[6]Vulnerable[6]
Nepenthes kampotianaLecomte1909Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam[59]0–600 m[24]Least Concern
Nepenthes kerrii[60]M.Catal. & Kruetr.[60]2010[60]Thailand

Minor islands: Langkawi?[61]		400–500 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes khasianaHook.f.1873India500–1500 mEndangered
Nepenthes kitanglad[44]Jebb & Cheek[44]2013[44]Philippines (Mindanao)[44]1800–2100 m[44]Critically Endangered[44]
Nepenthes klossiiRidl.1916New Guinea930[62]–2000 mEndangered
Nepenthes kongkandanaM.Catal. & Kruetr.[63]2015[63]Thailand0–50 m
Nepenthes krabiensis[64]Nuanlaong, Onsanit, Chusangrach & Suraninpong[64]2016[64]Thailand[64]600–700 m[64]Critically Endangered[64]
Nepenthes lamiiJebb & Cheek1997New Guinea3200–3520 m[65]Least Concern
Nepenthes latiffiana[40]M.N.Faizal, A.Amin & N.Dome[40]2020[40]Peninsular Malaysia[40]1000-1100 m[40]Vulnerable[40]
Nepenthes lavicolaWistuba & Rischer1996Sumatra2000–2600 mCritically Endangered
Nepenthes leonardoi[66]S.McPherson, Bourke, Cervancia, Jaunzems & A.S.Rob.[66]2011[66]Philippines (Palawan)[66]1300–1490 m[66]Least Concern
Nepenthes leyte[44]Jebb & Cheek[44]2013[44]Philippines (Leyte)[44]900 m[44]Critically Endangered[44]
Nepenthes limiana[67]Wistuba, Mey, Golos, S. McPherson & A.S. Rob.[67]2023[67]Malaysia[67]700-2171 m [67]Data Deficient[67]
Nepenthes lingulataChi.C.Lee, Hernawati & Akhriadi2006Sumatra1700–2100 m
Nepenthes longifoliaNerz & Wistuba1994Sumatra300–1100 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes longipteraVictoriano2021Sumatra[68]750 - 1600 mEndangered[68]
Nepenthes lowiiHook.f.1859Borneo1650–2600 m[nb 10]Vulnerable
Nepenthes macfarlaneiHemsl.1905Peninsular Malaysia900–2150 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes macrophylla(Marabini) Jebb & Cheek1997Borneo2200–2642 m[nb 11]Critically Endangered
Nepenthes macrovulgarisJ.R.Turnbull & A.T.Middleton1988Borneo300–1200 m[nb 12]Least Concern
Nepenthes madagascariensisPoir.1797Madagascar0–500 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes malayensis[71]A.Amin, M.N.Faizal & Dome2020[71]Peninsular Malaysia (Terengganu)800-1000 m[71]Critically Endangered[71]
Nepenthes malimumuensis[72]Lagunday, Acma, Cabana, Sabas & V.B. Amoroso2017Philippines (Mindanao)1000–1020 mCritically Endangered[72]
Nepenthes manobo[72]Lagunday, Acma, Cabana, Sabas & V.B. Amoroso2017Philippines (Mindanao)1000–1020 mCritically Endangered[72]
Nepenthes mantalingajanensisNerz & Wistuba2007Philippines (Palawan)1700–2085 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes mapuluensisJ.H.Adam & Wilcock1990Borneo700–800 mEndangered
Nepenthes maryae[73]Jebb & Cheek[73]2016[73]Sulawesi[73]2100 m[73]Vulnerable[73]
Nepenthes masoalensisSchmid-Hollinger1977Madagascar0–400 mEndangered
Nepenthes maximaReinw. ex Nees1824D'Entrecasteaux Islands,[74] Maluku Islands, New Guinea, Sulawesi

Minor islands: Wowoni?[75]		40[76]–2600 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes maximoides[77]King & Cheek[77]2020[77]Philippines (Luzon, possibly Mt. Banahaw)[77]Critically Endangered(possibly Extinct)[77]
Nepenthes merrillianaMacfarl.1911Philippines (Dinagat, Mindanao, Samar[78])0–1100 m[19]Vulnerable
Nepenthes micramphoraV.B.Heinrich, S.McPherson, Gronem. & V.B.Amoroso2009Philippines (Mindanao)1100–1635 mCritically Endangered[35]
Nepenthes mikeiB.R.Salmon & Maulder1995Sumatra1100–2800 mVulnerable
Nepenthes mindanaoensisSh.Kurata2001Philippines (Dinagat, Mindanao)0–1400 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes minima[79]Jebb & Cheek[79]2016[79]Sulawesi[79]1000–1700 m[79]Vulnerable[79]
Nepenthes miraJebb & Cheek1998Philippines (Palawan)1550–1605 mVulnerable
Nepenthes mirabilis(Lour.) Rafarin[80]1869[80]Australia, Borneo, Cambodia, Caroline Islands (Palau, Yap), China (Guangdong Province, Hainan,[81] Hong Kong, Macau), D'Entrecasteaux Islands, Java, Laos, Louisiade Archipelago, Maluku Islands, Myanmar, New Guinea, Peninsular Malaysia, Philippines (Dinagat, Mindanao), Sulawesi, Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam

Minor islands:[12] Babi, Bangka Belitung Islands[13] (Bangka), Banyak Islands, Batu Islands, Bengkalis, Enggano, Ko Lanta, Ko Tarutao, Langkawi, Mendol, Mentawai Islands (North Pagai, Siberut, Sipura, South Pagai), Meranti Islands (Padang, Rangsang, Tebing Tinggi), Nias, Penang, Phuket, Riau Islands (Lingga Islands, Riau Archipelago), Rupat, Tawi-Tawi,[44] Wowoni?[75]		0–1500 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes mollisDanser1928Borneo~1800 mData Deficient
Nepenthes monticola[65]A.S.Rob., Wistuba, Nerz, M.Mansur & S.McPherson[65]2011[65]New Guinea[65]1400–2620 m[65]Least Concern
Nepenthes muluensisM.Hotta1966Borneo1700–2400 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes murudensisCulham ex Jebb & Cheek1997Borneo2000–2423 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes nagaAkhriadi, Hernawati, Primaldhi & M.Hambali2009Sumatra1500–2000 mVulnerable
Nepenthes nebularum[82]G.Mansell & W.Suarez[82]2016[82]Philippines (Mindanao)[82]≤1800 m[82]Data Deficient[82]
Nepenthes negros[7]Jebb & Cheek[7]2013[7]Philippines (Biliran, Negros)[7]Critically Endangered[7]
Nepenthes neoguineensisMacfarl.1911D'Entrecasteaux Islands, New Guinea, Raja Ampat Islands (Misool?[62])0–1400 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes nigra[83]Nerz, Wistuba, Chi.C.Lee, Bourke, U.Zimm. & S.McPherson[83]2011[83]Sulawesi[83]1500–2700 m[83]Least Concern
Nepenthes northianaHook.f.1881Borneo0–500 mVulnerable
Nepenthes ovataNerz & Wistuba1994Sumatra1700–2100 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes palawanensis[84]S.McPherson, Cervancia, Chi.C.Lee, Jaunzems, Mey & A.S.Rob.[84]2010[84]Philippines (Palawan)[84]1100–1236 m[84]Endangered
Nepenthes paniculataDanser1928New Guinea~1460 mEndangered
Nepenthes pantaronensis[37]Gieray, Gronem., Wistuba, Marwinski, Micheler, Coritico & V.B.Amoroso[37]2014[37]Philippines (Mindanao)[37]"intermediate altitudes"[37]Least Concern
Nepenthes papuanaDanser1928New Guinea0–1300 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes parvula[85]Gary W.Wilson & S.Venter[85]2016Australia[85]Least Concern
Nepenthes peltataSh.Kurata2008Philippines (Mindanao)865–1635 mCritically Endangered[35]
Nepenthes pervilleiBlume1852Seychelles350–750 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes petiolataDanser1928Philippines (Mindanao)1450–1900 mVulnerable
Nepenthes philippinensisMacfarl.1908Philippines (Busuanga, Coron, Culion, Linapacan, Palawan)[19][86]0–600 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes pilosaDanser1928Borneo~1600 mData Deficient
Nepenthes pitopangiiChi.C.Lee, S.McPherson, Bourke & M.Mansur[87]2009[87]Sulawesi1400–1800 m[61]Vulnerable
Nepenthes platychilaChi.C.Lee2002Borneo900–1400 m
Nepenthes pulchra[88]Gronem., S.McPherson, Coritico, Micheler, Marwinski & V.B.Amoroso[88]2011[88]Philippines (Mindanao)[88]1300–1800 m[88]Critically Endangered[35]
Nepenthes rafflesianaJack1835Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra

Minor islands:[12] Bangka Belitung Islands[13] (Bangka), Labuan,[50] Riau Islands (Lingga Islands, Natuna Islands,[14] Riau Archipelago)		0–1200 m[nb 13]Least Concern
Nepenthes rajahHook.f.1859Borneo1500–2650 mEndangered
Nepenthes ramispinaRidl.1909Peninsular Malaysia900–2000 mVulnerable
Nepenthes ramos[89]Jebb & Cheek[89]2013[89]Philippines (Mindanao)[89]

Minor islands: Camiguin, other neighbouring islands[6]		at least 670–1400 m[nb 14]Critically Endangered[89] / Near Threatened[6]
Nepenthes reinwardtianaMiq.1852Borneo, Sumatra

Minor islands:[12] Bangka Belitung Islands[13] (Bangka), Mentawai Islands (Siberut), Nias, Riau Islands (Natuna Islands[14])		0–2200 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes rhombicaulisSh.Kurata1973Sumatra1600–2000 mVulnerable
Nepenthes rigidifoliaAkhriadi, Hernawati & Tamin2004Sumatra1000–1600 mCritically Endangered
Nepenthes robcantleyiCheek[90]2011[90]Philippines (Mindanao)[90]~1800 m[90]Critically Endangered[90]
Nepenthes rosea[91]M.Catal. & Kruetr.[91]2014[91]Thailand[91]450–520 m[91]
Nepenthes rowaniaeF.M.Bailey1897Australia0–80 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes samar[92]Jebb & Cheek[92]2013[92]Philippines (Samar)[92]"low elevation"[92]Critically Endangered[92]
Nepenthes sanguineaLindl.1849Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand300–1800 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes saranganiensisSh.Kurata2003Philippines (Mindanao)1800–2100 mEndangered[35]
Nepenthes sericea[93]Golos, Wistuba, G.Lim, Mey, S.McPherson & A.S.Rob.[93]2023[93]Peninsular Malaysia[93]1300–2183 m[93]Least Concern[93]
Nepenthes sibuyanensisNerz1998Philippines (Sibuyan)1250–1500 m[nb 15]Vulnerable
Nepenthes singalanaBecc.1886Sumatra2000–2900 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes smilesiiHemsl.1895Cambodia,[96] Laos, Thailand, Vietnam[97]0[96]–1500 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes spathulataDanser1935Sumatra1100–2900 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes spectabilisDanser1928Sumatra1400–2200 mVulnerable
Nepenthes stenophyllaMast.1890Borneo800–2600 m[nb 16]Least Concern
Nepenthes sumagaya[98]Cheek[98]2014[98]Philippines (Mindanao)[37]1600–2247 m[37]Endangered[37]
Nepenthes sumatrana(Miq.) Beck1895Sumatra0–800 mCritically Endangered
Nepenthes suratensis[99]M.Catal.[99]2010[99]Thailand[99]0–200 m[61]Critically Endangered
Nepenthes surigaoensisElmer1915Philippines (Mindanao)800–1200 m[nb 17]Endangered[35]
Nepenthes talaandig[37]Gronem., Coritico, Wistuba, Micheler, Marwinski, Gieray & V.B.Amoroso[37]2014[37]Philippines (Mindanao)[37]~1000 m[37]Vulnerable[37]
Nepenthes talangensisNerz & Wistuba1994Sumatra1800–2500 mEndangered
Nepenthes tboli[18]Jebb & Cheek[18]2014[18]Philippines (Mindanao)[18]1463 m[18]Critically Endangered[18]
Nepenthes tenaxC.Clarke & R.Kruger2006Australia0–80 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes tentaculataHook.f.1873Borneo, Sulawesi400–2550 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes tenuisNerz & Wistuba1994Sumatra1000–1200 mEndangered
Nepenthes thai[28]Cheek[28]2009[28]Thailand[28]500–600 m[28]Endangered[28]
Nepenthes thoreliiLecomte1909Vietnam10–20 m[101]Data Deficient
Nepenthes tobaicaDanser1928Sumatra380–1800 m[nb 18]Least Concern
Nepenthes tomorianaDanser1928Sulawesi0–500 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes treubianaWarb.1891New Guinea, Raja Ampat Islands (Misool?)0–80 m[nb 19]Least Concern
Nepenthes truncataMacfarl.1911Philippines (Dinagat, Leyte, Mindanao)[19]0–1500 mEndangered
Nepenthes ultra[102]Jebb & Cheek[102]2013[102]Philippines (Luzon)[102]1.5–40(–400?) m[102][nb 20]Endangered[102]
Nepenthes ulukaliana[93]A.S.Rob., Wistuba, Mey, Golos, G.Lim & S.McPherson[93]2023[93]Peninsular Malaysia[93]1200–1772 m[93]Near Threatened [93]
Nepenthes undulatifolia[103]Nerz, Wistuba, U.Zimm., Chi.C.Lee, Pirade & Pitopang[103]2011[103]Sulawesi[103]~1800 m[103]Data Deficient[103]
Nepenthes veitchiiHook.f.1859Borneo0–1600 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes ventricosaBlanco1837Philippines (Luzon, Panay, Sibuyan)[19]1000–2000 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes vieillardiiHook.f.1873New Caledonia0–850 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes villosaHook.f.1852Borneo1600–3240 m[nb 21]Least Concern
Nepenthes viridis[104]Micheler, Gronem., Wistuba, Marwinski, W.Suarez & V.B.Amoroso[104]2013[104]Philippines (Dinagat, Samar)[104]

Minor islands: numerous unspecified islets off Dinagat[104]		Endangered[35]
Nepenthes vogeliiSchuit. & de Vogel2002Borneo1000–1500 mLeast Concern
Nepenthes weda[38]Cheek[38]2015[38]Maluku Islands (Halmahera)[38]415–1014 m[38]Critically Endangered[38]
Nepenthes zygon[18]Jebb & Cheek[18]2014[18]Philippines (Mindanao)[18]1500–1875 m[18]Critically Endangered[18]

Incompletely diagnosed taxa

The following undescribed taxa are taken from Pitcher Plants of the Old World and its supplementary volume, New Nepenthes, published in 2011.[61]

TaxonImageDistributionAltitudinal distribution
Nepenthes sp. Anipahan[105]Philippines (Palawan)[105]1200–1400 m[105]
Nepenthes sp. MisoolRaja Ampat Islands (Misool)0–30 m

Nothospecies

Matthew Jebb and Martin Cheek recognised the following three nothospecies in their monographs on the genus ("A skeletal revision of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae)" (1997) and "Nepenthaceae" (2001)). In the recent literature, these taxa have generally been treated as natural hybrids rather than as species.[2][21][29][30] Of the three, N. × kinabaluensis has the strongest claim to species status, as it grows in two large, self-sustaining populations independent of its putative parent species.[29][106] These populations are reportedly true breeding.[29] Jumaat Haji Adam and C. C. Wilcock advocated the recognition of N. × kinabaluensis as a species in a 1998 article.[107]

NothospeciesParent speciesAuthorityYearImageDistributionAltitudinal distributionIUCN conservation status
Nepenthes × hookerianaN. ampullaria × N. rafflesianaHort.Veitch ex Mast.1881Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra[46]0–450 m[8]Least Concern[23]
Nepenthes × kinabaluensisN. rajah × N. villosaSh.Kurata ex Sh.Kurata1984Borneo[46]2420–3030 m[46]Endangered[23]
Nepenthes × trichocarpaN. ampullaria × N. gracilisMiq.1858Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra,[46] Thailand[97]0–800 m[29]Least Concern[23]

Extinct species

Fossil pollen of various provenance, much of it originally described under the form taxon Droseridites, has been tentatively assigned to Nepenthes by several authors.[108][109][110] The following three species were transferred to the genus Nepenthes by Wilfried Krutzsch in 1985.[108]

SpeciesAuthorityYearLocationAge
Nepenthes echinatus(Hunger) Krutzsch1985EuropePalaeocene
Nepenthes echinosporus(R.Potonié) Krutzsch1985EuropePalaeocene
Nepenthes major(Krutzsch) Krutzsch1985EuropePalaeocene

Some authors consider Droseridites major and D. parvus as synonyms of Nepenthidites laitryngewensis.[111][112]

Pollen from the Kerguelen Islands originally described as D. spinosus has also been interpreted as belonging to Nepenthes.[113]

See also

Notes
  1. Under the narrow circumscription of Cheek & Jebb (2013), N. alata is restricted to northern Luzon, with the more southerly plants previously referred to this species actually representing N. graciliflora, N. negros, and N. ramos.[7] This N. alata sensu stricto has an altitudinal distribution of 550 m and above.[7]
  2. Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give an upper altitudinal limit of 1200 m for N. albomarginata.[8]
  3. Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) cite a record of N. bicalcarata from Mount Periok in Brunei at c. 1600 m.[8]
  4. Cheek & Jebb (2001) give a range of 780–1880 m for N. boschiana,[29] while Clarke (1997) gives a range of 900–1880 m.[30]
  5. Cheek & Jebb (2001) give an upper altitudinal limit of 2250 m for N. burbidgeae,[29] while Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a range of 1100–2300 m.[8]
  6. Cheek & Jebb (2001), Clarke (1997) and Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a lower altitudinal limit of 1500 m for N. edwardsiana.[8][29][30]
  7. Cheek & Jebb (2001) give a lower altitudinal limit of 1000 m for N. ephippiata.[29] The species has reportedly been collected from Bukit Raya at 2000–2270 m.[8][41]
  8. Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give an upper altitudinal limit of 1700 m for N. gracilis.[8]
  9. Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a range of 150–1500 m for N. hirsuta,[8] while Mansur & Brearley (2008) report finding it at elevations as low as 160 m.[56]
  10. Cheek & Jebb (2001) give a lower altitudinal limit of 1600 m for N. lowii,[29] while Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a range of 900–3400 m.[8]
  11. The lower altitudinal limit of 2000 m given for N. macrophylla in some older sources[69] is apparently incorrect.[2][70]
  12. Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give a lower altitudinal limit of 250 m for N. macrovulgaris.[8]
  13. Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give an upper altitudinal limit of 1500 m for N. rafflesiana.[8]
  14. The paratype of N. ramos was collected at 670 m[89] and N. kurata (which has been synonymised with N. ramos[6]) has been recorded at c. 1400 m.[44]
  15. Rybka, Rybková & Cantley (2005) give a range of 1200–1800 m for N. sibuyanensis,[94] while the authors of the describing paper give a range of 1500–1800 m.[95]
  16. Mansur & Brearley (2008) report finding N. stenophylla at 400 m.[56]
  17. Nepenthes surigaoensis may grow as high as 1750 m ("5750 feet" in the original) according to the describing author, Adolph Daniel Edward Elmer.[100]
  18. Cheek & Jebb (2001) give an upper altitudinal limit of 2750 m for N. tobaica.[29]
  19. Cheek & Jebb (2001) give an upper altitudinal limit of 500 m for N. treubiana.[29]
  20. The upper altitudinal limit of 400 m is uncertain as it is based on the figure given on Google Earth for an "inexact grid-reference" associated with a herbarium specimen.[102]
  21. Nepenthes villosa generally grows at elevations of 2300–3240 m, but is more common at 1600–1900 m on Mount Tambuyukon.[2] Adam, Wilcock & Swaine (1992) give an upper altitudinal limit of 3400 m for this species.[8]

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