List of heads of state of Haiti

This article lists the heads of state of Haiti[1] since the beginning of the Haitian Revolution in 1791. Full independence of Haiti was declared in 1804.

Politics of Haiti
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Legislature (not functioning)
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  • Vacant (executive directed by PM and Cabinet)
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Recent elections
  • Electoral body: CEP
Administrative divisions
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Between 1806 and 1820 Haiti was divided between the northern State, renamed Kingdom in 1811, and the southern Republic. Between 1822 and 1844 the reunified Republic of Haiti ruled over the entire island of Hispaniola, during the Haitian occupation of Santo Domingo.

Saint-Domingue (1791–1804)
Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term of office Party Title(s)
Took office Left office Time in office
Toussaint Louverture
(1743–1803)		 1 January 1791 6 May 1802 11 years, 125 days Independent Leader of the Haitian Revolution (1 January 1791 – 6 May 1802)
Lieutenant Governor of Saint-Domingue (1797 – 7 July 1801)
Governor-General for Life of the entire island of Hispaniola (7 July 1801 – 6 May 1802)
Vacant (6 May 1802–1 January 1804)
Jean-Jacques Dessalines
(1758–1806)		 1 January 1804 22 September 1804 265 days Independent Governor-General of Haiti

First Empire of Haiti (1804–1806)

Monarchy of Jacques I
Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Reign Royal house Coat of arms
Reign start Reign ended Duration
Jacques I
(1758–1806)		 22 September 1804[lower-alpha 1] 17 October 1806 2 years, 25 days Dessalines

Divided Haiti (1806–1820)

State of Haiti (1806–1811)
Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term of office Party Title(s)
Took office Left office Time in office
Henri Christophe
(1767–1820)		 17 October 1806 28 March 1811 4 years, 162 days Independent Provisional Chief of the Haitian Government (17 October 1806 – 17 February 1807)
President (17 February 1807 – 28 March 1811)[lower-alpha 2]

Monarchy of Henry I
Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Reign Royal house Coat of arms
Reign start Reign ended Duration
Henry I
(1767–1820)[lower-alpha 2]		 28 March 1811[lower-alpha 3] 8 October 1820 9 years, 194 days Christophe

Republic of Haiti (1806–1820)
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term of office Party Title(s)
Took office Left office Time in office
1 Alexandre Pétion
(1770–1818)		 17 October 1806 29 March 1818 11 years, 163 days Independent President (17 October 1806 – 9 October 1816)
President for Life (9 October 1816 – 29 March 1818)[lower-alpha 4]
2 Jean-Pierre Boyer
(1776–1850)		 30 March 1818 18 October 1820 2 years, 202 days Independent President for Life[lower-alpha 5]

Republic of Haiti (1820–1849)
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Term of office Party Title(s)
Took office Left office Time in office
(2) Jean-Pierre Boyer
(1776–1850)		 18 October 1820 13 February 1843 22 years, 118 days Independent President for Life
3 Charles Rivière-Hérard
(1789–1850)		 4 April 1843 3 May 1844 1 year, 29 days Independent President
4 Philippe Guerrier
(1757–1845)		 3 May 1844 15 April 1845 347 days Independent President
5 Jean-Louis Pierrot
(1761–1857)		 16 April 1845 24 March 1846 342 days Independent President
6 Jean-Baptiste Riché
(1780–1847)		 24 March 1846 28 February 1847 341 days Independent President
7 Faustin Soulouque
(1782–1867)		 2 March 1847 26 August 1849 2 years, 177 days Independent President

Second Empire of Haiti (1849–1859)

Monarchy of Faustin I
Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Reign Royal house Coat of arms
Reign start Reign ended Duration
Faustin I
(1782–1867)		 26 August 1849[lower-alpha 6] 22 January 1859 9 years, 149 days Soulouque

Republic of Haiti (1859–1957)
Status
  •   Acting President
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Elected Term of office Party Title(s)
Took office Left office Time in office
8 Fabre Geffrard
(1806–1878)		 — 22 January 1859 13 March 1867 8 years, 50 days Independent President
— Jean-Nicolas Nissage Saget
(1810–1880)		 — 20 March 1867 2 May 1867 43 days Independent Provisional President
9 Sylvain Salnave
(1827–1870)		 — 4 May 1867 27 December 1869 2 years, 237 days Independent President
10 Jean-Nicolas Nissage Saget
(1810–1880)		 — 27 December 1869 14 May 1874 4 years, 138 days Liberal Party President
— Council of Secretaries of State — 14 May 1874 14 June 1874 31 days Independent Council of Secretaries of State
11 Michel Domingue
(1813–1877)		 — 14 June 1874 15 April 1876 1 year, 306 days Independent President
12 Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal
(1832–1905)		 — 23 April 1876 17 July 1879 3 years, 85 days Liberal Party Provisional President (23 April 1876 – 17 July 1876)
President (17 July 1876 – 17 July 1879)
— Joseph Lamothe
(?–1891)		 — 26 July 1879 2 October 1879 68 days Independent Provisional President
13 Lysius Salomon
(1815–1888)		 — 2 October 1879 10 August 1888 8 years, 313 days National Party President
— Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal
(1832–1905)		 — 10 August 1888 16 October 1888 67 days Liberal Party Provisional President
14 François Denys Légitime
(1841–1935)		 — 16 October 1888 23 August 1889 311 days Liberal Party President
— Monpoint Jeune
(1830–1905)		 — 23 August 1889 17 October 1889 55 days Independent Provisional President
15 Florvil Hyppolite
(1828–1896)		 — 17 October 1889 24 March 1896 6 years, 159 days National Party President
16 Tirésias Simon Sam
(1835–1916)		 — 31 March 1896 12 May 1902 6 years, 42 days National Party President
— Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal
(1832–1905)		 — 26 May 1902 17 December 1902 205 days Liberal Party Provisional President
17 Pierre Nord Alexis
(1820–1910)		 — 21 December 1902 2 December 1908 5 years, 347 days Military President
18 François C. Antoine Simon
(1843–1923)		 — 6 December 1908 3 August 1911[2] 2 years, 240 days Liberal Party President
19 Cincinnatus Leconte
(1854–1912)		 — 15 August 1911 8 August 1912[3] 359 days National Party President[lower-alpha 7]
20 Tancrède Auguste
(1856–1913)		 — 8 August 1912 2 May 1913 267 days National Party President
21 Michel Oreste
(1859–1918)		 — 12 May 1913 27 January 1914[4] 260 days Independent President
22 Oreste Zamor
(1861–1915)		 — 8 February 1914 29 October 1914 263 days Military President
23 Joseph Davilmar Théodore
(1847–1917)		 — 7 November 1914 22 February 1915 107 days Military President
24 Vilbrun Guillaume Sam
(1859–1915)		 — 25 February 1915 28 July 1915 153 days Military President[lower-alpha 8]
25 Philippe Sudré Dartiguenave
(1863–1926)		 — 12 August 1915 15 May 1922 6 years, 276 days Independent President[lower-alpha 9]
26 Louis Borno
(1865–1942)		 — 15 May 1922 15 May 1930 8 years Independent President[lower-alpha 9]
27 Louis Eugène Roy
(1861–1939)		 — 15 May 1930 18 November 1930 187 days Independent President[lower-alpha 9]
28 Sténio Vincent
(1874–1959)		 — 18 November 1930 15 May 1941 10 years, 178 days Independent President[lower-alpha 10]
29 Élie Lescot
(1883–1974)		 — 15 May 1941 11 January 1946 4 years, 241 days Liberal Party President
30 Franck Lavaud
(1903–1986)		 — 11 January 1946 16 August 1946 217 days Military Chairman of the Military Executive Committee
31 Dumarsais Estimé
(1900–1953)		 — 16 August 1946 10 May 1950 3 years, 267 days Independent President
(30) Franck Lavaud
(1903–1986)		 — 10 May 1950 6 December 1950 210 days Military Chairman of the Government Junta
32 Paul Magloire
(1907–2001)		 1950 6 December 1950 12 December 1956 6 years, 6 days Peasant Worker Movement President
— Joseph Nemours Pierre-Louis
(1900–1966)		 — 12 December 1956 3 February 1957 53 days Independent Provisional President
— Franck Sylvain
(1909–1987)		 — 7 February 1957 2 April 1957 54 days Independent Provisional President
— Executive Government Council — 2 April 1957 25 May 1957 53 days Independent Executive Government Council
— Daniel Fignolé
(1913–1986)		 — 25 May 1957 14 June 1957 20 days Peasant Worker Movement Provisional President
33 Antonio Thrasybule Kébreau
(1909–1963)		 — 14 June 1957 22 October 1957 130 days Military Chairman of the Military Council

Republic of Haiti during the Duvalier dynasty (1957–1986)
Symbols
  • P Presidential referendum
  • C Constitutional referendum
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Elected Term of office Party Title(s)
Took office Left office Time in office
34 François Duvalier
(1907–1971)		 1957
1961[P]
1964[C]		 22 October 1957 21 April 1971† [5][6] 13 years, 181 days National Unity Party President (22 October 1957 – 22 June 1964)
President for Life (22 June 1964 – 21 April 1971)
35 Jean-Claude Duvalier
(1951–2014)		 1971[C]
1985[C]		 21 April 1971[lower-alpha 11] 7 February 1986[lower-alpha 12] 14 years, 292 days National Unity Party President for Life

Republic of Haiti (1986–present)
Symbols
  • I Indirect election
Status
  •   Acting President
No. Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)		 Elected Term of office Party Title(s)
Took office Left office Time in office
36 Henri Namphy
(1932–2018)		 — 7 February 1986 7 February 1988 2 years Military President of the National Council of Government
37 Leslie Manigat
(1930–2014)		 1988 7 February 1988 20 June 1988[lower-alpha 13] 134 days Rally of Progressive National Democrats President
(36) Henri Namphy
(1932–2018)		 — 20 June 1988 17 September 1988[lower-alpha 14] 89 days Military President
38 Prosper Avril
(born 1937)		 — 17 September 1988 10 March 1990 1 year, 236 days Military President
— Hérard Abraham
(1940–2022)		 — 10 March 1990 13 March 1990 3 days Military Acting President
— Ertha Pascal-Trouillot
(born 1943)		 — 13 March 1990 7 February 1991 331 days Independent Provisional President
39 Jean-Bertrand Aristide
(born 1953)		 1990–91 7 February 1991 29 September 1991[lower-alpha 15] 234 days Struggling People's Organization President
40 Raoul Cédras
(born 1949)		 — 29 September 1991 8 October 1991 9 days Military Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces[lower-alpha 16]
— Joseph Nérette
(1924–2007)		 — 8 October 1991 19 June 1992 255 days Independent Provisional President
— Council of Ministers
Prime Minister: Marc Bazin
(1932–2010)		 — 19 June 1992 15 June 1993 361 days Movement for the Instauration of Democracy in Haiti Council of Ministers
(39) Jean-Bertrand Aristide
(born 1953)		 — 15 June 1993 12 May 1994 331 days Struggling People's Organization President[lower-alpha 17]
— Émile Jonassaint
(1913–1995)		 — 12 May 1994 12 October 1994 153 days Independent Provisional President
(39) Jean-Bertrand Aristide
(born 1953)		 — 12 October 1994 7 February 1996 1 year, 118 days Struggling People's Organization President[lower-alpha 18]
41 René Préval
(1943–2017)		 1995 7 February 1996 7 February 2001 5 years Fanmi Lavalas President
(39) Jean-Bertrand Aristide
(born 1953)		 2000 7 February 2001 29 February 2004[lower-alpha 19] 3 years, 22 days Fanmi Lavalas President
— Boniface Alexandre
(1936–2023)		 — 29 February 2004 14 May 2006 2 years, 75 days Independent Provisional President
(41) René Préval
(1943–2017)		 2006 14 May 2006 14 May 2011 5 years Lespwa[lower-alpha 20] President
Inite
42 Michel Martelly
(born 1961)		 2010–11 14 May 2011 7 February 2016 4 years, 269 days Repons Peyizan President
— Council of Ministers
Prime Minister: Evans Paul
(born 1955)		 — 7 February 2016 14 February 2016 7 days Independent Council of Ministers
— Jocelerme Privert
(born 1953)		 2016 (Feb)[I] 14 February 2016 7 February 2017 359 days Inite Provisional President[lower-alpha 21]
43 Jovenel Moïse
(1968–2021)		 2016 (Nov) 7 February 2017 7 July 2021[lower-alpha 22] 4 years, 150 days Haitian Tèt Kale Party President
— Council of Ministers
Acting Prime Minister:
Claude Joseph		 — 7 July 2021 20 July 2021 13 days Independent Council of Ministers
— Council of Ministers
Acting Prime Minister:
Ariel Henry
(born 1949)		 — 20 July 2021 Incumbent 2 years, 97 days Independent Council of Ministers

Timeline since 1804
Ariel HenryClaude JosephJovenel MoïseJocelerme PrivertEvans PaulMichel MartellyBoniface AlexandreRené PrévalÉmile JonassaintMarc BazinJoseph NéretteRaoul CédrasJean-Bertrand AristideErtha Pascal-TrouillotHérard AbrahamProsper AvrilLeslie ManigatHenri NamphyJean-Claude DuvalierFrançois DuvalierAntonio Thrasybule KébreauDaniel FignoléFranck SylvainJoseph Nemours Pierre-LouisPaul MagloireDumarsais EstiméFranck LavaudÉlie LescotSténio VincentLouis Eugène RoyLouis BornoPhilippe Sudré DartiguenaveVilbrun Guillaume SamJoseph Davilmar ThéodoreOreste ZamorMichel OresteTancrède AugusteCincinnatus LeconteFrançois C. Antoine SimonPierre Nord AlexisTirésias Simon SamFlorvil HyppoliteMonpoint JeuneFrançois Denys LégitimeLysius SalomonJoseph LamothePierre Théoma Boisrond-CanalMichel DomingueSylvain SalnaveJean-Nicolas Nissage SagetFabre GeffrardFaustin SoulouqueJean-Baptiste RichéJean-Louis PierrotPhilippe GuerrierCharles Rivière-HérardJean-Pierre BoyerAlexandre PétionHenri ChristopheJean-Jacques Dessalines

See also

Notes
  1. Crowned on 8 October 1804
  2. Rule limited to the northern part of Haiti
  3. Crowned on 2 June 1811
  4. Rule limited to the southern part of Haiti
  5. United the northern Kingdom and the southern Republic in 1820
  6. Crowned on 18 April 1852
  7. Great-Grandson of Jean-Jacques Dessalines (Emperor of Haiti 1804–1806)
  8. Son of Tirésias Simon Sam (President of Haiti 1896–1902). Also the inspiration for Eugene O'Neill's The Emperor Jones
  9. Served under the United States occupation
  10. Served under the United States occupation until 1934
  11. Succeeded his father as President for Life[5][7]
  12. Deposed in the Anti-Duvalier protest movement[8]
  13. Deposed in the June 1988 coup d'état
  14. Deposed in the September 1988 coup d'état
  15. Deposed in the 1991 coup d'état
  16. De facto leader of Haiti (29 September 1991 – 12 October 1994)
  17. In exile, but recognized in Haiti
  18. Served under the United States occupation until 1995
  19. Deposed in the 2004 coup d'état
  20. Until November 2009
  21. Presidential term expired on 14 June 2016
  22. Assassinated[9][10][11]

References
  1. "Haitian Heads of State". Embassy of Haiti, Washington, D.C. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
  2. "HAITIAN REBELS WIN; SIMON NOW AN EXILE; Six Are Killed in a Riot as President Embarks -- His Daughter Is Hurt". The New York Times. 3 August 1911. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  3. "EXPLOSION KILLS HAITIAN PRESIDENT; Leconte Perishes in Destruction of His Palace -- 400 Others Killed or Injured". The New York Times. 9 August 1912. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
  4. "HAITI'S PRESIDENT FLEES TO WARSHIP; Fighting in Capital -- Our Bluejackets Land -- Battleship Is Rushing to Port au Prince". The New York Times. 28 January 1914. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  5. Homer Bigart (23 April 1971). "Duvalier, 64, Dies in Haiti; Son, 19, Is New President". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
  6. Albin Krebs (23 April 1971). "Papa Doc, a Ruthless Dictator, Kept the Haitians in Illiteracy and Dire Poverty". The New York Times. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  7. "At 19, President for Life Jean‐Claude Duvalier". The New York Times. 26 April 1971. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
  8. Joseph B. Treaster (8 February 1986). "DUVALIER FLEES HAITI TO END FAMILY'S 28 YEARS IN POWER: GENERAL LEADS NEW REGIME; 20 REPORTED DEAD". The New York Times. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
  9. Beaumont, Peter; Phillips, Tom (7 July 2021). "Haiti president Jovenel Moïse assassinated". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
  10. "Haiti President Jovenel Moïse assassinated at home". CNBC. 7 July 2021. Archived from the original on 7 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
  11. "Le président Jovenel Moïse assassiné chez lui par un commando armé". Le Nouvelliste. Archived from the original on 7 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
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