List of U.S. states and territories by incarceration and correctional supervision rate

This article has lists of U.S. states by adult incarceration and correctional supervision rates according to United States Department of Justice figures. The state incarceration numbers include sentenced and un-sentenced inmates in jails and state prisons, but not persons in federal prisons. They are listed separately. The state numbers also do not include youth held in juvenile detention. There is a separate table of incarceration numbers for U.S. territories.

Imprisonment rate of sentenced prisoners under jurisdiction of state correctional authorities per 100,000 U.S. residents, age 18 or older. Does not include prisoners who have not been convicted or sentenced. Does not include jail inmates whether convicted or not. Does not include federal prisoners.

Incarceration rate by state

U.S. states by incarceration rate under state prison or local jail jurisdiction per 100,000 population.[1] Rates are for year-end 2018. The table below has all 50 states and the District of Columbia.

Note: The table is initially in descending order for rate per 100,000 of all ages.

Note: The columns can be sorted in ascending or descending order. Sort state name column to return to alphabetical order.

Note: There are 2 state incarceration rate columns: One per 100,000 of all ages. And one per 100,000 adults.[1]

Note: Federal prison inmates are not included in state rates.

Row numbers: The row number column on the left does not sort, and remains static.

* indicates "Incarceration in STATE" or "Crime in STATE" links.

Adult incarceration rates by state. Dec 31, 2018[1]
Jurisdiction	2018 rate per 100,000 of all ages	2018 rate per 100,000 adults	2018. Adults in prison or jail
Federal	50	70	179,200
State	580	750	1,919,200

Louisiana *	980	1,280	45,700
Oklahoma *	970	1,290	38,500
Mississippi *	920	1,210	27,500
Georgia *	850	1,110	89,700
Kentucky *	840	1,080	37,500
Alabama *	820	1,060	40,400
Arkansas *	820	1,070	24,700
Arizona *	750	980	54,600
Texas *	750	1,010	218,000
Tennessee *	730	930	49,300
Florida *	700	870	150,500
Missouri *	700	900	43,000
Wyoming *	700	910	4,000
Idaho *	690	920	12,100
Indiana *	690	900	46,300
South Dakota *	680	910	6,100
Nevada *	670	860	20,500
Virginia *	670	850	57,100
Wisconsin *	630	810	36,700
Delaware *	620	790	6,100
Kansas *	620	820	18,000
New Mexico *	620	810	13,100
Pennsylvania *	610	770	77,900
Alaska *	600	790	4,400
Ohio *	600	770	70,500
South Carolina *	590	760	30,300
West Virginia *	590	740	10,600
Montana *	580	740	6,200
Colorado *	570	730	32,700
Michigan *	540	690	54,500
North Carolina *	520	670	54,600
California *	510	650	200,700
Oregon *	500	630	21,100
Nebraska *	480	640	9,300
Maryland *	460	580	27,600
Illinois *	440	560	55,800
Iowa *	440	580	14,000
Washington *	410	520	30,900
North Dakota *	400	530	3,100
Utah *	390	550	12,500
Connecticut *	380	480	13,700
Hawaii *	380	480	5,400
New York *	350	440	67,700
New Jersey *	320	410	28,700
Maine	300	370	4,000
New Hampshire	300	370	4,100
Minnesota *	280	370	15,900
District of Columbia *	260	310	1,800
Rhode Island *	260	320	2,800
Vermont *	260	320	1,700
Massachusetts *	250	320	17,600

Incarceration stats by US territory, and percent female

* indicates "Incarceration in STATE" or "Crime in STATE" links.

Incarceration stats by US territory, and percent female[2]
Territory	Incarceration rate per 100,000 of all ages	Total number of prisoners	Prison population percent female	Data year. In order by column

American Samoa	345	193	4.1%	2017, 2017, 2017
Guam	411	690	7.2%	2019, 2019, 2017
Northern Mariana Islands	313	175	5.8%	2019, 2019, 2007
Puerto Rico *	278	8,884	3.6%	2019, 2019, 2017
U.S. Virgin Islands	394	412	2.7%	2020, 2020, 2011

Juvenile detention

Juvenile detention totals from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.[3]

Juvenile detention in the US
Year	Male	Female	Total
1997	90,771	14,284	105,055
1999	92,985	14,508	107,493
2001	89,115	15,104	104,219
2003	81,975	14,556	96,531
2006	78,998	13,723	92,721
2007	75,017	11,797	86,814
2010	61,359	9,434	70,793
2011	53,079	8,344	61,423
2013	46,421	7,727	54,148
2015	40,750	7,293	48,043
2017	36,982	6,598	43,580
2019	31,064	5,415	36,479

Comparison with other countries

The US incarceration rate peaked in 2008. The US rate was the highest in the world in 2008. Chart is for prisoners per 100,000 population of all ages.[4][5]

US timeline graphs of number of people incarcerated in jails and prisons.[6]

According to the World Prison Brief the United States currently has the largest prison population in the world, and the highest incarceration rate.[7][8][9][10]

On January 1, 2008 more than 1 in 100 adults in the United States were in prison or jail.[11][12] Total US incarceration peaked in 2008.[5]

In addition to the overall highest incarceration rate, the United States also has the highest rate of female incarceration.[13] According to a November 2017 report by the World Prison Brief around 212,000 of the 714,000 female prisoners worldwide (women and girls) are incarcerated in the United States.[14] In the United States in 2016, women made up 9.8% of the incarcerated population in adult prisons and jails.[8][15]

Comparing English-speaking developed countries;[7] the overall incarceration rate in the US is 639 per 100,000 population of all ages (as of 2018),[8] the incarceration rate of Canada is 104 per 100,000 (as of 2018),[16] England and Wales is 130 per 100,000 (as of 2021),[17] and Australia is 160 per 100,000 (as of 2020).[18] Comparing other developed countries, the rate of Spain is 122 per 100,000 (as of 2020),[19] France is 90 per 100,000 (as of 2020),[20] Germany is 69 per 100,000 (as of 2020),[21] Norway is 49 per 100,000 (as of 2020),[22] Netherlands is 63 per 100,000 (as of 2018),[23] and Japan is 38 per 100,000 (as of 2019).[24]

In addition, the United States has striking statistics when observing the racial dimension of mass incarceration. According to Michelle Alexander (in 2010 book), the United States "imprisons a larger percentage of its black population than South Africa did at the height of apartheid."[25]

Correctional supervision rates by state

Chart below has numbers for people in adult facilities, and for people on probation and on parole.[1] The incarceration numbers for the states in the chart below are for sentenced and unsentenced inmates in adult facilities in local jails and state prisons. Numbers for federal prisons are in one of the header lines at the top.

* indicates "Incarceration in STATE" or "Crime in STATE" links.

Correctional supervision rates by state, 2018.[1]
Jurisdiction	Total		Community supervision		Incarcerated
	Total, 12/31/2018	Rate per 100,000 adults	Probation or Parole, 12/31/2018	Rate per 100,000 adults	In prison or jail, 12/31/2018	Rate per 100,000 adults
Federal	302,100	90	122,800	40	179,200	50
State	6,083,300	1,850	4,276,200	1,300	1,919,200	580

Alabama *	99,200	2,030	60,900	1,240	40,400	820
Alaska *	7,800	1,060	3,400	460	4,400	600
Arizona *	136,800	1,890	84,300	1,170	54,600	750
Arkansas *	74,700	2,470	53,800	1,780	24,700	820
California *	513,100	1,290	312,400	790	200,700	510
Colorado *	122,600	2,140	91,300	1,590	32,700	570
Connecticut *	54,800	1,530	43,100	1,210	13,700	380
Delaware *	20,600	2,120	14,500	1,490	6,100	620
District of Columbia *	9,500	1,340	8,600	1,210	1,800	260
Florida *	357,400	1,670	209,400	980	150,500	700
Georgia *	495,200	4,680	433,200	4,100	89,700	850
Hawaii *	27,200	1,920	21,900	1,540	5,400	380
Idaho *	51,800	2,920	39,700	2,240	12,100	690
Illinois *	171,900	1,350	116,100	910	55,800	440
Indiana *	164,700	2,450	118,400	1,760	46,300	690
Iowa *	47,600	1,500	35,600	1,120	14,000	440
Kansas *	39,000	1,340	21,900	750	18,000	620
Kentucky *	99,600	2,230	62,800	1,400	37,500	840
Louisiana *	104,000	2,230	62,300	1,340	45,700	980
Maine	10,300	770	6,800	500	4,000	300
Maryland *	96,600	1,600	80,600	1,330	27,600	460
Massachusetts *	71,200	1,030	53,700	780	17,600	250
Michigan *	219,200	2,190	164,800	1,650	54,500	540
Minnesota *	122,900	2,180	107,500	1,910	15,900	280
Mississippi *	63,600	2,130	37,200	1,240	27,500	920
Missouri *	106,100	1,730	63,100	1,030	43,000	700
Montana *	16,700	1,570	11,400	1,070	6,200	580
Nebraska *	25,100	1,300	15,900	820	9,300	480
Nevada *	40,300	1,310	19,800	640	20,500	670
New Hampshire	10,400	760	6,300	460	4,100	300
New Jersey *	173,700	1,950	146,300	1,640	28,700	320
New Mexico *	26,800	1,280	13,700	660	13,100	620
New York *	202,300	1,040	139,700	720	67,700	350
North Carolina *	148,600	1,420	94,100	900	54,600	520
North Dakota *	10,100	1,320	7,000	920	3,100	400
Ohio *	322,500	2,760	253,900	2,170	70,500	600
Oklahoma *	81,800	2,070	43,300	1,100	38,500	970
Oregon *	81,000	1,920	59,900	1,420	21,100	500
Pennsylvania *	360,200	2,810	288,000	2,250	77,900	610
Rhode Island *	22,000	2,080	20,900	1,980	2,800	260
South Carolina *	67,000	1,310	36,700	720	30,300	590
South Dakota *	15,100	1,710	9,200	1,040	6,100	680
Tennessee *	117,400	1,730	72,100	1,060	49,300	730
Texas *	672,400	2,330	474,600	1,640	218,000	750
Utah *	26,800	840	16,600	520	12,500	390
Vermont *	6,500	1,030	4,800	770	1,700	260
Virginia *	122,000	1,430	65,000	760	57,100	670
Washington *	115,200	1,520	88,900	1,170	30,900	410
West Virginia *	21,500	1,190	10,900	600	10,600	590
Wisconsin *	100,600	1,730	63,900	1,100	36,700	630
Wyoming *	9,900	1,720	6,300	1,090	4,000	700

Male and female incarceration and correctional supervision numbers

In 2015 there were 1,942,500 male and 202,600 female inmates in prisons and jails. That is 10.4% female.[26] See the state, federal, and overall total at the bottom of the table.

* indicates "Incarceration in STATE" or "Crime in STATE" links.

Male and female incarceration and correctional supervision numbers
Jurisdiction	Community supervision (parole, probation, etc.)					Incarcerated
	Number			Rate per 100,000 of all ages		Number			Rate per 100,000 of all ages
	Total	Male	Female	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Male	Female
Alabama *	64,600	50,600	14,000	2,140	560	42,900	38,600	4,300	1,640	170
Alaska *	8,500	6,600	1,900	1,700	550	5,400	4,800	600	1,230	170
Arizona *	83,300	66,700	16,700	1,950	480	54,900	49,100	5,800	1,440	170
Arkansas *	51,500	39,000	12,500	2,660	820	24,000	21,200	2,800	1,450	180
California *	349,600	277,500	72,100	1,420	360	201,000	186,000	15,100	950	80
Colorado *	89,200	66,700	22,400	2,410	820	31,800	28,000	3,800	1,010	140
Connecticut *	45,300	35,700	9,500	2,040	520	15,800	14,700	1,100	840	60
Delaware *	16,100	12,400	3,700	2,690	760	6,700	6,100	500	1,330	110
District of Columbia *	9,900	8,500	1,400	2,640	400	1,800	1,700	100	530	30
Florida *	225,400	167,000	58,400	1,670	560	153,000	137,900	15,100	1,380	140
Georgia *	451,800	353,600	98,200	7,060	1,870	88,500	79,600	8,900	1,590	170
Hawaii *	22,500	17,200	5,300	2,360	740	5,900	5,200	700	710	100
Idaho *	37,800	28,100	9,700	3,370	1,160	10,900	9,300	1,600	1,120	190
Illinois *	151,300	118,200	33,100	1,870	510	63,900	59,500	4,400	940	70
Indiana *	122,500	93,100	29,400	2,850	870	43,500	38,200	5,200	1,170	160
Iowa *	35,600	26,900	8,700	1,730	550	12,900	11,500	1,400	740	90
Kansas *	20,900	16,400	4,500	1,120	310	16,600	14,800	1,800	1,010	130
Kentucky *	70,600	49,400	21,300	2,260	940	33,800	28,700	5,100	1,310	230
Louisiana *	71,900	57,400	14,500	2,510	600	49,000	45,400	3,600	1,980	150
Maine	6,700	5,400	1,400	820	200	4,000	3,500	500	540	70
Maryland *	87,400	71,800	15,600	2,460	500	29,700	27,800	1,900	950	60
Massachusetts *	66,900	52,600	14,300	1,590	410	20,100	19,000	1,200	570	30
Michigan *	193,900	147,700	46,100	3,020	910	57,700	53,100	4,600	1,090	90
Minnesota *	105,100	81,000	24,000	2,960	870	16,500	14,800	1,600	540	60
Mississippi *	44,800	35,500	9,300	2,440	600	28,000	25,800	2,300	1,770	150
Missouri *	62,600	47,600	15,000	1,590	480	43,400	38,500	4,900	1,290	160
Montana *	9,700	7,400	2,300	1,430	440	5,600	4,800	800	930	150
Nebraska *	13,700	10,000	3,700	1,050	390	8,600	7,700	900	810	100
Nevada *	19,200	15,200	4,000	1,040	270	19,100	16,800	2,300	1,150	160
New Hampshire	6,300	4,900	1,400	750	210	4,600	4,100	500	620	80
New Jersey *	151,300	117,700	33,700	2,690	730	33,900	31,700	2,200	720	50
New Mexico *	16,800	12,600	4,200	1,210	400	15,100	13,300	1,800	1,290	170
New York *	145,600	120,500	25,000	1,250	250	75,900	71,100	4,800	740	50
North Carolina *	97,400	73,400	24,000	1,490	460	53,800	48,800	5,000	990	100
North Dakota *	6,900	5,100	1,800	1,300	490	3,200	2,700	400	690	120
Ohio *	262,000	189,700	72,300	3,330	1,220	70,700	62,800	7,900	1,100	130
Oklahoma *	33,400	25,700	7,700	1,320	390	39,700	34,400	5,300	1,770	270
Oregon *	61,900	49,600	12,300	2,470	600	21,000	18,600	2,400	930	120
Pennsylvania *	296,200	223,500	72,700	3,560	1,110	83,900	76,300	7,600	1,220	120
Rhode Island *	24,400	20,600	3,800	4,010	690	3,200	3,100	100	600	30
South Carolina *	38,500	30,500	8,000	1,280	320	31,600	28,900	2,800	1,210	110
South Dakota *	9,800	7,500	2,300	1,720	540	5,300	4,600	800	1,050	180
Tennessee *	75,400	57,100	18,300	1,770	540	48,000	41,600	6,500	1,290	190
Texas *	488,800	375,200	113,600	2,730	810	214,800	192,500	22,300	1,400	160
Utah *	15,700	12,000	3,700	790	240	11,700	10,100	1,600	660	110
Vermont *	6,300	4,800	1,500	1,550	470	1,800	1,600	200	520	50
Virginia *	57,000	43,700	13,300	1,060	310	57,300	51,000	6,300	1,230	150
Washington *	104,700	81,600	23,200	2,260	640	29,700	26,300	3,400	730	90
West Virginia *	10,100	7,300	2,800	800	300	10,100	8,700	1,400	950	150
Wisconsin *	65,600	52,700	12,900	1,830	440	35,000	31,800	3,100	1,110	110
Wyoming *	5,900	4,300	1,600	1,450	550	3,900	3,400	600	1,130	200
State	4,518,100	3,485,100	1,033,000	2,190	630	1,949,400	1,759,700	189,800	1,450	150
Federal	132,800	109,200	23,700	70	10	195,700	182,800	12,900	150	10
U.S. total	4,650,900	3,594,300	1,056,700	2,260	640	2,145,100	1,942,500	202,600	1,600	160

State female incarceration rates compared to countries

Female incarceration rates by country and US state

Female incarceration rates by country and US state. Per 100,000 female population of all ages. Female incarceration rates if every US state were a country. Incarcerated females of all ages (where the data is available). From a 2018 report with latest available data. From the source report: "Figure 1. This graph shows the number of women in state prisons, local jails, and federal prisons from each U.S. state per 100,000 people in that state and the incarceration rate per 100,000 in all countries with at least a half million in total population."[13]

References

Correctional Populations in the United States, 2017-2018 (NCJ 252157). Published August 2020 by U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). Laura M. Maruschak, Todd D. Minton, BJS statisticians. See PDF. Appendix table 1 on page 11 has rates and counts by state.
US territories. From World Prison Brief. Prisonstudies.org pages: American Samoa. Guam. Northern Mariana Islands. Puerto Rico. Virgin Islands.
Sickmund, M., Sladky, T.J., Kang, W., & Puzzanchera, C.. "Easy Access to the Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement". Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Click "National Crosstabs" at the top, and then choose the census years. Click "Show table" to get the total number of juvenile inmates for those years. Or go here for all the years. And here.
Walmsley, Roy (30 Jan 2009). World Prison Population List (8th Edition). From World Prison Population Lists. By World Prison Brief. "The information is the latest available in early December 2008. … Most figures relate to dates between the beginning of 2006 and the end of November 2008." According to the summary on page one there were 2.29 million U.S. inmates and 9.8 million inmates worldwide. The U.S. held 23.4% of the world's inmates. The U.S. total in this report is for December 31, 2007 (see page 3), and does not include inmates in juvenile detention facilities.
Correctional Populations in the United States, 2016 (NCJ 251211). Published April 2018 by U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). By Danielle Kaeble and Mary Cowhig, BJS statisticians. See PDF. Appendix table 1 on page 11 has rates and counts by state. See page 1 "highlights" section for the "1 in ..." numbers. See table 4 on page 4 for a timeline of nationwide incarceration rates. See appendix table 3 on page 13, for "Persons held in custody in state or federal prisons or in local jails, 2000, 2010, and 2015–2016". That table also has incarceration rates. See appendix table 2 on page 12 for the number or persons incarcerated in territorial prisons, military facilities, and jails in Indian country.
Jacob Kang-Brown, Chase Montagnet, and Jasmine Heiss. People in Jail and Prison in Spring 2021. New York: Vera Institute of Justice, 2021.
Highest to Lowest. World Prison Brief (WPB). Use dropdown menu to choose lists of countries by region, or the whole world. Use menu to select highest-to-lowest lists of prison population totals, prison population rates, percentage of pre-trial detainees / remand prisoners, percentage of female prisoners, percentage of foreign prisoners, and occupancy rate. Column headings in WPB tables can be clicked to reorder columns lowest to highest, or alphabetically. For detailed information for each country click on any country name in lists. See also the WPB main data page and click on the map links and/or the sidebar links to get to the region and country desired.
United States of America. By World Prison Brief.
Mahapatra, Lisa (19 March 2014). Incarcerated In America: Why Are So Many People In US Prisons? (CHARTS). International Business Times. Chart showing incarceration rates of 50 most populous countries. Another chart showing what the inmates in the USA are in for (does not indicate reasons for probation and parole violations. Those offenses, such as drug tests, etc. change the breakdown of what inmates are in for).
National Research Council. The Growth of Incarceration in the United States: Exploring Causes and Consequences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2014. Retrieved May 10, 2014: "The U.S. penal population of 2.2 million adults is by far the largest in the world. Just under one-quarter of the world's prisoners are held in American prisons."
One in 100: Behind Bars in America 2008. February 28, 2008. The Pew Center on the States.
Liptak, Adam (28 Feb 2008). 1 in 100 U.S. Adults Behind Bars, New Study Says. New York Times.
Kajstura, Aleks (June 2018). "States of Women's Incarceration: The Global Context 2018". Prison Policy Initiative. See the appendix for a detailed data breakdown.
World Female Imprisonment List (fourth edition). Nov. 9, 2017. World Prison Brief.
Correctional Populations in the United States, 2015. By Danielle Kaeble and Lauren Glaze, BJS Statisticians. Dec. 2016. Bureau of Justice Statistics. See PDF. Appendix table 3 on page 15 says there are 1,942,500 male and 202,600 female inmates in prisons and jails. That is 10.4% female.
Canada. World Prison Brief.
United Kingdom: England & Wales. World Prison Brief.
Australia. World Prison Brief.
Spain. World Prison Brief.
France. World Prison Brief.
Germany. World Prison Brief.
Norway. World Prison Brief.
Netherlands. World Prison Brief.
Japan. World Prison Brief.
Alexander, Michelle (2010). The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. New York: The New Press. p. 7.
Correctional Populations in the United States, 2015. By Danielle Kaeble and Lauren Glaze, BJS Statisticians. Dec. 2016. Bureau of Justice Statistics. See PDF. Appendix table 3 on page 14 has male and female counts and rates by state. It says there are 1,942,500 male and 202,600 female inmates in prisons and jails. That is 10.4% female.

External links

Punishment Beyond Prisons 2023: Incarceration and Supervision by State, Appendix. Prison Policy Initiative. Latest data. Scroll past table for dates for each column.
Rate Per 100,000 and Rank by State of Crime and Imprisonment by US States 1978 - 2012
Crime, Punishment and Ratio of Crime to Punishment Per 100,000 and Rank by Year and between States

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[cpusa2018-1] Correctional Populations in the United States, 2017-2018 (NCJ 252157). Published August 2020 by U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). Laura M. Maruschak, Todd D. Minton, BJS statisticians. See PDF. Appendix table 1 on page 11 has rates and counts by state.

[Territories-2] US territories. From World Prison Brief. Prisonstudies.org pages: American Samoa. Guam. Northern Mariana Islands. Puerto Rico. Virgin Islands.

[cjrp-3] Sickmund, M., Sladky, T.J., Kang, W., & Puzzanchera, C.. "Easy Access to the Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement". Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Click "National Crosstabs" at the top, and then choose the census years. Click "Show table" to get the total number of juvenile inmates for those years. Or go here for all the years. And here.

[icps8-4] Walmsley, Roy (30 Jan 2009). World Prison Population List (8th Edition). From World Prison Population Lists. By World Prison Brief. "The information is the latest available in early December 2008. … Most figures relate to dates between the beginning of 2006 and the end of November 2008." According to the summary on page one there were 2.29 million U.S. inmates and 9.8 million inmates worldwide. The U.S. held 23.4% of the world's inmates. The U.S. total in this report is for December 31, 2007 (see page 3), and does not include inmates in juvenile detention facilities.

[cpusa2016-5] Correctional Populations in the United States, 2016 (NCJ 251211). Published April 2018 by U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). By Danielle Kaeble and Mary Cowhig, BJS statisticians. See PDF. Appendix table 1 on page 11 has rates and counts by state. See page 1 "highlights" section for the "1 in ..." numbers. See table 4 on page 4 for a timeline of nationwide incarceration rates. See appendix table 3 on page 13, for "Persons held in custody in state or federal prisons or in local jails, 2000, 2010, and 2015–2016". That table also has incarceration rates. See appendix table 2 on page 12 for the number or persons incarcerated in territorial prisons, military facilities, and jails in Indian country.

[Vera-6] Jacob Kang-Brown, Chase Montagnet, and Jasmine Heiss. People in Jail and Prison in Spring 2021. New York: Vera Institute of Justice, 2021.

[WorldPrisonBrief-7] Highest to Lowest. World Prison Brief (WPB). Use dropdown menu to choose lists of countries by region, or the whole world. Use menu to select highest-to-lowest lists of prison population totals, prison population rates, percentage of pre-trial detainees / remand prisoners, percentage of female prisoners, percentage of foreign prisoners, and occupancy rate. Column headings in WPB tables can be clicked to reorder columns lowest to highest, or alphabetically. For detailed information for each country click on any country name in lists. See also the WPB main data page and click on the map links and/or the sidebar links to get to the region and country desired.

[WPB-USA-8] United States of America. By World Prison Brief.

[IBTcharts-9] Mahapatra, Lisa (19 March 2014). Incarcerated In America: Why Are So Many People In US Prisons? (CHARTS). International Business Times. Chart showing incarceration rates of 50 most populous countries. Another chart showing what the inmates in the USA are in for (does not indicate reasons for probation and parole violations. Those offenses, such as drug tests, etc. change the breakdown of what inmates are in for).

[10] National Research Council. The Growth of Incarceration in the United States: Exploring Causes and Consequences. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2014. Retrieved May 10, 2014: "The U.S. penal population of 2.2 million adults is by far the largest in the world. Just under one-quarter of the world's prisoners are held in American prisons."

[pewcenterstudy-11] One in 100: Behind Bars in America 2008. February 28, 2008. The Pew Center on the States.

[nytimes2008feb-12] Liptak, Adam (28 Feb 2008). 1 in 100 U.S. Adults Behind Bars, New Study Says. New York Times.

[females-13] Kajstura, Aleks (June 2018). "States of Women's Incarceration: The Global Context 2018". Prison Policy Initiative. See the appendix for a detailed data breakdown.

[WFIL-14] World Female Imprisonment List (fourth edition). Nov. 9, 2017. World Prison Brief.

[cpusa-2015-15] Correctional Populations in the United States, 2015. By Danielle Kaeble and Lauren Glaze, BJS Statisticians. Dec. 2016. Bureau of Justice Statistics. See PDF. Appendix table 3 on page 15 says there are 1,942,500 male and 202,600 female inmates in prisons and jails. That is 10.4% female.

[Canada-16] Canada. World Prison Brief.

[EnglandWales-17] United Kingdom: England & Wales. World Prison Brief.

[Australia-18] Australia. World Prison Brief.

[Spain-19] Spain. World Prison Brief.

[France-20] France. World Prison Brief.

[Germany-21] Germany. World Prison Brief.

[Norway-22] Norway. World Prison Brief.

[Netherlands-23] Netherlands. World Prison Brief.

[Japan-24] Japan. World Prison Brief.

[25] Alexander, Michelle (2010). The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. New York: The New Press. p. 7.

[cpusa2015-26] Correctional Populations in the United States, 2015. By Danielle Kaeble and Lauren Glaze, BJS Statisticians. Dec. 2016. Bureau of Justice Statistics. See PDF. Appendix table 3 on page 14 has male and female counts and rates by state. It says there are 1,942,500 male and 202,600 female inmates in prisons and jails. That is 10.4% female.

Incarceration of adults in the United States
This template pertains only to agencies that handle sentenced felons (with sentences over 1-2 years). In many states, pre-trial detainees, persons convicted of misdemeanors, and felons sentenced under state law to less than one year are held in county jails instead of state prisons.
Federal Bureau of Prisons	United States federal prisons Federal Prison Industries
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Corrections by Federal district	Felons: Federal Bureau of Prisons, Misdemeanants: District of Columbia (incarcerated long-term felons until year 2001)
Corrections by Insular areas	American Samoa Guam Northern Mariana Islands Puerto Rico U.S. Virgin Islands
Military prisons	United States military prisons Guantanamo Bay
State prisons	United States state prisons
See also	Civil confinement Immigration detention in the United States
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List of U.S. states and territories by incarceration and correctional supervision rate

Incarceration rate by state

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