List of colonies
This a list of territories and polities that have been considered colonies.
British
![](../I/Hakewill%252C_A_Picturesque_Tour_of_the_Island_of_Jamaica%252C_Plate_04.jpg.webp)
Harbour Street, Kingston, Jamaica, c. 1820
![](../I/Isandhlwana.jpg.webp)
The Battle of Isandlwana during the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879. After an initial defeat the British were able to conquer Zululand.
- Aden
- Afghanistan
- America
- Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
- Ascension Island
- Australia
- Bahamas
- Barbados
- Basutoland
- Bechuanaland
- British Borneo
- British East Africa
- British Guiana
- British Honduras
- British Hong Kong
- British Leeward Islands
- British Malaya The First Anglo-Sikh War, 1845–46
- British Somaliland
- British Western Pacific Territories
- British Windward Islands
- Myanmar
- Canada
- Ceylon
- Christmas Island
- Cocos (Keeling) Islands
- Cyprus (including Akrotiri and Dhekelia)The result of the Boer Wars was the annexation of the Boer Republics to the British Empire in 1902
- Egypt
- Falkland Islands
- Falkland Islands Dependencies
- Gambia
- Gibraltar
- Gold Coast
- India (including what is today Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar) A view of shops with anti-British and pro-Independence signs, Malta, c. 1960
- Heard Island and McDonald Islands
- Ireland
- Jamaica
- Kenya
- Maldives
- Malta
- Mandatory Palestine
- Emirate of Transjordan
- Mandatory Iraq
- Mauritius
- Muscat and Oman
- Norfolk Island
- Nigeria
- Northern Rhodesia
- Nyasaland Gibraltar National Day in British-controlled Gibraltar
- Seychelles
- Sierra Leone
- Shanghai International Settlement
- South Africa
- Southern Rhodesia
- St Helena
- Swaziland
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Tristan da Cunha
- Trucial States
- Uganda
- Tonga
![](../I/Flag_of_New_Hebrides.svg.png.webp)
1966 flag of the Anglo-French Condominium of the New Hebrides
French
- Acadia
- Algeria
- Canada
- Clipperton Island
- Comoros Islands (including Mayotte)Siege of Constantine (1836) during the French conquest of Algeria.
- French Guiana
- French Equatorial Africa
- French India (Pondichéry, Chandernagor, Karikal, Mahé and Yanaon)
- French Indochina
- Annam French officers and Tonkinese riflemen, 1884
- Tonkin
- Cochinchina
- Cambodia
- Laos
- Annam
- French Polynesia
- French Somaliland
- French Southern and Antarctic Lands
- French West Africa
- Ivory Coast
- Dahomey
- Guinea Contemporary illustration of Major Marchand's trek across Africa in 1898
- French Sudan
- Mauritania
- Niger
- Senegal
- Upper Volta
- Guadeloupe
- La Réunion
- Louisiana
- Madagascar
- Martinique
- French Morocco
- French Mandate for Syria and Lebanon
- New Caledonia
- Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon
- Saint-Domingue
- Shanghai French Concession (similar concessions in Kouang-Tchéou-Wan, Tientsin, Hankéou)
- Tunisia
- New Hebrides (condominium with Britain)
- Wallis-et-Futuna
German
![](../I/Victoria_(Cameroon).jpg.webp)
Kamerun (by R. Hellgrewe, 1908)
Spanish
![](../I/093_La_batalla_de_Tetuan%252C_de_Mari%C3%A0_Fortuny_(detall).jpg.webp)
The Battle of Tétouan, 1860, by Marià Fortuny
![](../I/Entrada_triunfal_de_Arsenio_Mart%C3%ADnez_Campos_en_La_Habana%252C_1878.jpg.webp)
Spanish General Arsenio Martínez Campos in Havana, Colonial Cuba, 1878
- Canary Islands
- Cape Juby
- Captaincy General of Cuba
- Captaincy General of the Philippines
- Ifni
- Río de Oro
- Saguia el-Hamra
- Spanish Morocco
- Spanish Netherlands
- Spanish Sahara
- Spanish Sardinia
- Spanish Sicily
- Viceroyalty of Peru
- Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata
- Viceroyalty of New Granada
- Viceroyalty of New Spain
Portuguese
![](../I/1600gora.jpg.webp)
Portuguese women in Goa, India, 16th century
- Portuguese Africa
- Portuguese Asia
- Portuguese Oceania
- Portuguese South America
- Portuguese North America
Italian
![](../I/Libia-1911-Tripoli-conquista-bandiera-verde-del-profeta_(cropped).jpg.webp)
Postcard of the Italian invasion of Libya during the Italo-Turkish War
- Italian Aegean Islands
- Italian Albania (1918–1920)
- Italian Albania (1939–1943)
- Italian concession of Tientsin
- Italian governorate of Dalmatia
- Italian governorate of Montenegro
- Hellenic State
- Italian Eritrea
- Italian Somaliland
- Italian Trans-Juba (briefly; annexed)
- Libya
- Italian East Africa
- Italian occupation of Majorca (1936-1939)
Dutch
Belgian
- Belgian Congo
- Ruanda-Urundi
- Lado Enclave
- Santo Tomás (1843–1854)
- Tianjin
- Tangier (1925–1956)
Danish
![](../I/EU_OCT_and_OMR_map_en.png.webp)
Map of the European Union in the world, with Overseas Countries and Territories and Outermost Regions. (N.B. The United Kingdom left the Union in 2020.)
Swedish
- Guadeloupe
- New Sweden
- Saint Barthélemy
- Swedish Gold Coast
- Dominions of Sweden in continental Europe
Austrian and Austro-Hungarian
![](../I/Sarajevo_1878..jpg.webp)
Muslim Bosniak resistance during the battle of Sarajevo in 1878 against the Austro-Hungarian occupation
- Bosnia and Herzegovina 1878–1918.[1]
- Tianjin, China, 1902–1917.
- Austrian Netherlands, 1714–1797
- Nicobar Islands, 1778–1783
- North Borneo, 1876–1879
Russian
![](../I/Russian_Sloop-of-War_Neva.jpg.webp)
The Russian settlement of St. Paul's Harbour (present-day Kodiak, Alaska), Russian America, 1814
- Russian America (Alaska) (1733–1867)
- Grand Duchy of Finland (1809–1917)
- Kauai (Hawaii) (1816–1817)
- Fort Ross (California)
- Moldavia (1828–1856)
- Wallachia (1828–1856)
- Kulja (1871–1883)
- Khiva Khanate (1873–1917)
- Emirate of Bukhara (1873–1917)
- Sagallo (1889)
- Russian Dalian (1898-1905)
- Manchuria (1900–1905)
American
![](../I/Taft_Addressing_First_Philippine_Assembly_1907.jpg.webp)
Governor General William Howard Taft addressing the audience at the Philippine Assembly in the Manila Grand Opera House
- American Concession in Tianjin (1869–1902)
- American Concession in Shanghai (1848–1863)
- American Concession in Beihai (1876–1943)
- American Concession in Harbin (1898–1943)
- American Samoa
- Beijing Legation Quarter (1861–1945)
- Corn Islands (1914–1971)
- Canton and Enderbury Islands
- Caroline Islands
- Cuba (Platt Amendment turned Cuba into a protectorate – until Cuban Revolution)
- Falkland Islands (1832)
- Guantánamo Bay
- Guam
- Gulangyu Island (1903–1945)
- Haiti (1915–1934)
- Indian Territory (1834–1907)
- Isle of Pines (1899–1925)
- Liberia (Independent since 1847, US protectorate until post-WW2)
- Marshall Islands
- Midway
- Nicaragua (1912–1933)
- Northern Mariana Islands
- Palau
- Palmyra Atoll
- Panama (Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty turned Panama into a protectorate, protectorate until post-WW2)
- Panama Canal Zone (1903–1979)
- Philippines (1898–1946)
- Puerto Rico
- Quita Sueño Bank (1869–1981)
- Roncador Bank (1856–1981)
- Ryukyu Islands (1945–1972) [2]
- Shanghai International Settlement (1863–1945)
- Sultanate of Sulu (1903–1915)
- Swan Islands, Honduras (1914–1972)
- Treaty Ports of China, Korea and Japan
- United States Virgin Islands
- Wake Island
- Wilkes Land
Australian
New Zealand
![](../I/Cook_Islands_Annexation_Ceremony.jpg.webp)
Governor Lord Ranfurly reading the annexation proclamation to Queen Makea on 7 October 1900.
Japanese
- Bonin Islands Three Koreans shot for pulling up rails as a protest against seizure of land without payment by the Japanese
- Karafuto
- Korea
- Kuril Islands
- Kwantung Leased Territory
- Manchuria
- Nanyo
- Penghu Islands
- Ryukyu Domain
- Taiwan
- Volcano Islands
Chinese
![](../I/Pacification_of_the_Dzungars.jpg.webp)
Camp of the Qing Military in Dzungar in 1756.
- Dzungaria (Xinjiang) from 1758–present
- Kashgaria (East Turkistan) from 1884 – 1933, 1934–1944, 1949–present
- Guangxi (Tusi)
- Hainan
- Manchuria
- Inner Mongolia
- Outer Mongolia (Mongolia & Tuva) during the late Qing dynasty[3]
- Taiwan
- Tibet (Kashag)
- Yunnan (Tusi)
- Vietnam during the Han, Sui, and Tang dynasties
Ottoman
- Rumelia
- Ottoman North Africa
- Ottoman Arabia
- Aceh Sultanate (1569–1903)
- Yettishar (1873–1877)
Omani
![](../I/Empire_of_Oman.svg.png.webp)
Following the expulsion of the Portuguese colonizers, Sultanate of Oman was the preeminent power in the western Indian Ocean during the 17th century.[4]
Ecuadorian
Colombian
Argentine
![](../I/Base_Marambio_y_el_Hercules.jpg.webp)
Argentine C-130 and control tower, Marambio Airport
![](../I/Mapa_ARGENTINA_1881.png.webp)
The Conquest of the Desert extended Argentine power into Patagonia.
- Protectorate of Peru (1820–1822)
- Gobierno del Cerrito (1843–1851)
- Chile (1817–1818)
- Paraguay (1810–1811, 1873)
- Uruguay (1810–1813)
- Bolivia (1810–1822)
- Tierra del Fuego
- Patagonia
- Falkland Islands and Dependencies (1829–1831, 1832–1833, 1982)
- Argentine Antarctica
- Misiones
- Formosa
- Puna de Atacama (1839– )
- Argentina expedition to California (1818)
- Equatorial Guinea (1810–1815)
Paraguayan colonies
Chilean
Brazilian
Bolivian
- Puna de Atacama (1825–1839 ceded to Argentina) (1825–1879 ceded to Chile)
- Acre
Ethiopian
Moroccan
Indonesian
![](../I/Capture_of_Portuguese_flag.jpg.webp)
Indonesian soldiers pose in November 1975 in Batugade, East Timor with a captured Portuguese flag.
Thai/Siamese
![](../I/Siamese_Army_in_Laos_1893.jpg.webp)
Siamese Army in Laos in 1893.
- Kingdom of Vientiane (1778–1828)
- Kingdom of Luang Prabang (1778–1893)
- Kingdom of Champasak (1778–1893)
- Kingdom of Cambodia (1771–1867)
- Kedah (1821–1826)
- Perlis (1821–1836)
Khedivate Egyptian
Two Sicilian
Venetian
Vietnamese
- The Principality of Phuan (1828–1848)
- Cambodia (1834–1847)
References
- See Walter Sauer, "Habsburg Colonial: Austria-Hungary's Role in European Overseas Expansion Reconsidered,” Austrian Studies (2012) 20:5–23 online
- "Records of U.S. Occupation Headquarters, World War II". 15 August 2016.
- In the early years of the Qing Dynasty, the Chinese were prohibited from entering Mongolia to prevent the assimilation of the Mongols loss of combat effectiveness. The prohibition was abolished after the Late Qing reforms, and then Mongolia declared its independence from the Manchu Qing.
- Oman Country Profile. Oman Country Profile. British Library Partnership. Qatar Digital Library. 2014.
- Naomi Porat (1992). "An Egyptian Colony in Southern Palestine During the Late Predynastic to Early Dynastic". In Edwin C. M. van den Brink (ed.). The Nile Delta in Transition: 4th.-3rd. Millennium B.C. : Proceedings of the Seminar Held in Cairo, 21.-24. October 1990, at the Netherlands Institute of Archaeology and Arabic Studies. Van den Brink. pp. 433–440. ISBN 978-965-221-015-9. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
- "Ancient Tomb Sheds New Light on Egyptian Colonialism".
- Siegbert Uhlig (2005). Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: D-Ha. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 951. ISBN 978-3-447-05238-2. Retrieved 2013-06-01.
- Safi, Khaled M. (2008), "Territorial Awareness in the 1834 Palestinian Revolt", in Roger Heacock (ed.), Of Times and Spaces in Palestine: The Flows and Resistances of Identity, Beirut: Presses de l'Ifpo, ISBN 9782351592656
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