List of companies founded by Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
This is a list of companies founded by Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni, including attendees who enrolled in degree-programs at MIT but did not eventually graduate. This list is not exhaustive, as it only includes notable companies of which the founding and development history is well recorded by reliable sources. In particular, subsidiaries are listed with their owners in parentheses.
MIT is one of the leading universities worldwide in attracting funding for start-up companies, and its alumni have founded numerous companies.[1][2][3][4] According to PitchBook, from 2006 to 2017, MIT produced 907 company founders as alumni or current students, creating 780 companies, third most among all universities in the world.[5][6] In addition, according to a report of MIT Sloan School of Management in 2015, some 30,000 companies founded by MIT alumni were active, employing 4.6 million people and producing annual revenues of $1.9 trillion, roughly equivalent to the 10th-largest economy in the world (2014).[1][7] Approximately 40% of MIT founders are serial entrepreneurs, starting multiple companies, and 23% of MIT alumni's new companies are founded outside the United States.[1]
In this list, founders of a company which merged with other companies to form a new company are counted as founders of the new company. However, founders of a company which later dissolved into several successor companies are not counted as founders of those successor companies; this same rule applies to spin-off companies. Finally, a defunct company is a company that stopped functioning completely (e.g., bankrupt) without dissolving, merging or being acquired.
Top companies by revenues
Fortune Global 500 (2017)
This list shows companies in Fortune Global 500 founded or co-founded by MIT alumni. The cut-off revenue for 2017 Fortune Global 500 companies is $21,609M in 2016.[8]
Company | Region | Fortune Global 500
(2017)[8] |
Revenue in US$ millions
(2016)[8] |
Type | Category | Year founded | Comments | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
– | Koch Industries* | United States | 54 | 100,000 | Private | Conglomerate | 1940 | † Equivalently[9] |
1 | Boeing** | United States | 60 | 94,571 | Public | Aerospace | 1921 (Douglas Aircraft Company)
1939 (McDonnell Aircraft) |
|
2 | Intel | United States | 144 | 59,387 | Public | Semiconductor | 1968 | |
3 | HP Inc. | United States | 194 | 48,238 | Public | Technology | 1939 | |
4 | TSMC | Taiwan | 369 | 29,388 | Public | Semiconductor | 1987 | |
5 | Raytheon | United States | 449 | 24,069 | Public | Weapons/defense | 1922 | |
6 | Qualcomm | United States | 460 | 23,554 | Public | Technology | 1985 |
*: Koch Industries is not listed in Fortune Global 500. Its revenue is provided by Forbes.
**: Merger of different companies, at least one of which was founded by MIT alumni.
Fortune 1000 (2017)
This list shows companies in Fortune 1000 (only for companies within the U.S.) founded or co-founded by MIT alumni. The cut-off revenue for 2017 Fortune 1000 companies is $1,791M in 2016.[10]
Company | Fortune 1000
(2017)[10] |
Revenue in US$ millions
(2016)[10] |
Type | Category | Year founded | Comments | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
– | Koch Industries* | 23 | 100,000 | Private | Conglomerate | 1940 | † Equivalently[9] |
1 | Boeing** | 24 | 94,571 | Public | Aerospace | 1921 (Douglas Aircraft Company)
1939 (McDonnell Aircraft) |
|
2 | Intel | 47 | 59,387 | Public | Semiconductor | 1968 | |
3 | HP Inc. | 61 | 48,238 | Public | Technology | 1939 | |
4 | Raytheon | 116 | 24,069 | Public | Weapons/defense | 1922 | |
5 | Qualcomm | 119 | 23,554 | Public | Technology | 1985 | |
6 | Thermo Fisher Scientific** | 154 | 18,274 | Public | Technology | 1956 (Thermo Electron) | |
7 | Texas Instruments | 206 | 13,370 | Public | Semiconductor | 1930 | |
8 | BlackRock | 255 | 11,155 | Public | Investment Management | 1988 | |
9 | Lam Research | 440 | 5,886 | Public | Semiconductor | 1980 | |
10 | Blackstone Group | 503 | 5,126 | Public | Financial services | 1985 | |
– | Bose Corporation* | 608 | 3,800 | Private | Electronics/technology | 1964 | † Equivalently[9] |
11 | Analog Devices | 660 | 3,421 | Public | Semiconductor | 1965 | |
12 | Gartner (Group), Inc. | 821 | 2,445 | Public | IT journalism | 1979 | |
13 | Cabot Corporation | 829 | 2,411 | Public | Chemicals | 1882 | |
14 | Akamai Technologies | 851 | 2,340 | Public | Internet/technology | 1998 | |
15 | E-Trade | 930 | 2,026 | Public | Finance | 1982 |
*: Koch Industries and Bose Corporation are not listed in Fortune 1000. Their revenues are given by Forbes.
**: Merger of different companies, at least one of which was founded by MIT alumni.
Former Fortune-listed companies
For each company, only the latest rankings (up to three years) are shown in this list.
Company | Fortune Global 500 | Fortune 1000 | Type | Category | Year founded | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Digital Equipment Corporation | 331 (1998) | 275 (1997) | 279 (1996)[11] | 118 (1998) | 78 (1997) | 77 (1996)[12] | Acquired | Computer hardware | 1957 |
2 | EMC | 436 (2016) | 487 (2015)[13] | - | 113 (2016) | 121 (2015) | 128 (2014)[14] | Acquired | Computer hardware | 1979 |
3 | Gillette | 491 (2000) | 442 (1999) | 454 (1998)[11] | 215 (2005) | 215 (2004) | 218 (2003)[15] | Acquired | Consumer products | 1901 |
4 | Apollo Computer | - | - | - | 423 (1989) | 454 (1988)[16] | - | Acquired | Hardware | 1980 |
– | International Data Group* | - | - | - | 613 (2016)*[17][18] | - | - | Acquired | Media/technology | 1964 |
5 | Teradyne | - | - | - | 824 (2005) | 921 (2004) | 941 (2003)[19] | Public | Electronics | 1960 |
6 | 3Com | - | - | - | 827 (2003) | 596 (2002) | 294 (2000)[20] | Acquired | Technology | 1979 |
7 | American Power Conversion | - | - | - | 815 (2006)[21] | 854 (2005) | 867 (2004)[22] | Acquired | Hardware | 1981 |
8 | - | - | - | 945 (2015)[23] | - | - | Acquired | Social media | 2002 | |
9 | Fairchild Semiconductor | - | - | - | 984 (2008) | 963 (2007) | 886 (2005)[24] | Acquired | Semiconductor | 1957 |
*: "International Data Group" is not listed in Fortune 1000. Its revenue ($3,800M, 2015) is given by Forbes, making it equivalent to the 613th position in Fortune 1000 (2016).
Timeline
Index
This index also contains companies listed in section "Notable defunct & dissolved".
2000–present
Company | Type | Stock | Category | Year founded | Total founders | Founder/co-founder from MIT | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amplitude | Public | NASDAQ: AMPL | Software | 2014 | 2 [25] |
| |
Buzzfeed | Private | Online media | 2006 | 2[27] |
| ||
Clover Food Lab | Private | Restaurant | 2008 | 1[28] |
| ||
Coursera | Public | NYSE: COUR | Education/technology | 2012 | 2[29] | ||
Coverity | (NASDQ: SNPS) | Security/technology | 2002 | 3 |
| ||
Dropbox | Public | Nasdaq: DBX | Web service | 2007 | 2[32] |
| |
Eye-Fi | Private | Computer hardware | 2005 | 4 |
| ||
FireEye | Public | Nasdaq: FEYE | Security/technology | 2004 | 1[36] |
| |
Formlabs | Private | 3D printing | 2011 | 3[38] |
| ||
FTX | Private | Cryptocurrency exchange | 2019 | 2[40] |
| ||
Ginkgo Bioworks | Public | NYSE: DNA | Biotechnology | 2009 | 5[41] |
| |
Grubhub | Public | NYSE: GRUB | Delivery services | 2004 | 2[44] |
| |
HubSpot | Public | NYSE: HUBS | Software | 2006 | 2[46][47] |
| |
HuffPost | Private | Online media | 2005 | 4 |
| ||
Khan Academy | Non-profit | Education | 2006 | 1[49] | |||
Kiva Systems | (NASDAQ: AMZN) | Technology | 2003 | 3[51] |
| ||
(NASDAQ: MSFT) | Social media | 2002 | 5[54] | ||||
Meraki | (Cisco Meraki) | Networking | 2006 | 3 [56] |
|
||
Moderna | Public | NASDAQ: MRNA | Biotechnology | 2010 | 5[57] |
|
|
Noodle.ai | Enterprise Artificial Intelligence | 2016 | 5 |
|
|||
OkCupid | (NASDAQ: IAC) | Dating service | 2001[58] | 4[59] |
| ||
Onshape | Private | Software | 2012 | 6[61] |
| ||
PhillyCarShare
/Enterprise CarShare |
(Enterprise Holdings) | Car sharing | 2002 | 5[63] |
| ||
Samsara | Public | NYSE: IOT | Internet of things | 2015 | 2 [65] |
| |
Scale AI | Private | Software | 2016 | 2 [66] |
| ||
Spyce | Private | Restaurant | 2018 [68] | 3 [69] |
| ||
Toast | Public | NYSE: TOST | Software | 2012 | 2[71] |
| |
Two Sigma | Private | Finance | 2001 | 3[72] |
| ||
Zipcar | (NASDAQ: CAR) | Car rental | 2000 | 2[74] |
|
1980–1999
Company | Type | Stock | Category | Year founded | Total founders | Founder/co-founder from MIT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Akamai Technologies | Public | NASDAQ: AKAM | Internet/technology | 1998 | 4[76] |
|
Alexa Internet | (NASDAQ: AMZN) | Web analytics | 1996 | 2[79] |
| |
American Power Conversion | Public | (Euronext Paris: SU) | Hardware | 1981 | 3[82] | |
Apollo Computer | (NYSE: HPQ) | Hardware | 1980 | 1[87] |
| |
Art Technology Group | (NYSE: ORCL) | Computer software | 1991 | 2 | ||
Avid | Public | NASDAQ: AVID | Computer software | 1987 | 1[91] |
|
BlackRock | Public | NYSE: BLK | Investment management | 1988 | 8[93] |
|
Blackstone Group | Public | NYSE: BX | Financial services | 1985 | 2[95] |
|
Cambridge Innovation Center | Private | Real estate | 1999 | 2[97] |
| |
Cambridge SoundWorks | Private | Electronics | 1988 | 2[100] |
| |
Coatue Management | Private | Hedge fund | 1999 | 1[102] |
| |
Computervision | (NASDAQ: PTC) | Software | 1985 | 2[103] |
| |
Constant Contact | (NASDAQ: EIGI) | Web services | 1995 | 1[105] |
| |
E Ink | Private | Technology | 1997 | 5[106] |
| |
E*Trade | Public | NASDAQ: ETFC | Finance | 1982 | 2[108] |
|
Electronic Frontier Foundation | Non-profit | Civic | 1990 | 3[110] |
| |
Encore Computer | (COMPRO Computer Services) | Parallel computing | 1983 | 3[112] |
| |
Frame Technology Corp. | (NASDAQ: ADBE) | Computer software | 1986 | 1 |
| |
Free Software Foundation | Non-profit | Computer software | 1985 | 1[115] |
| |
Harmonix | Private | Video game | 1995 | 2[116] |
| |
Infoseek | (NYSE: DIS) | Web search | 1994 | 1[118] |
| |
Inktomi | (NASDAQ: YHOO) | Software | 1996 | 2[119] |
| |
Internet Archive | Non-profit | Digital library | 1996 | 1[121] |
| |
iRobot | Public | NASDAQ: IRBT | Technology | 1990 | 3[123] |
|
ITA Software | (NASDAQ: GOOG) | Software | 1996 | 3[126] | ||
Kurzweil Music Systems | (KRX: 012630) | Musical hardware | 1982 | 2[130] |
| |
Kurzweil Educational Systems | (NASDAQ: ABCD) | Software | 1996 | 1[131] |
| |
Lam Research | Public | NASDAQ: LRCX | Semiconductor | 1980 | 1[132] |
|
Lotus Development Corporation | (NYSE: IBM) | Software | 1982 | 2[134] |
| |
Macsyma, Inc. | (Symbolics) | Software | 1992 | 2[137] |
| |
Qualcomm | Public | NASDAQ: QCOM | Technology | 1985 | 7[139] |
|
Renaissance Technologies | Private | Finance | 1982 | 1[144] |
| |
Sohu | Public | NASDAQ: SOHU | Online services | 1996 | 1[145] |
|
SolidWorks | (Euronext: DSY) | Software | 1993 | 2[147] |
| |
SparkNotes | (NYSE: BKS) | Publisher | 1999 | 4[148][149] |
| |
TSMC | Public | NYSE: TSM | Semiconductor | 1987 | 1[151] |
|
Upwork | Public | NASDAQ: UPWK | Software | 1999 | 1 [152] |
|
Vermeer Technologies | (NASDQ: MSFT) | Software | 1994 | 2[153] |
| |
VMware | Public | NYSE: VMW | Technology | 1998 | 5[155][156] |
|
Wildfire Communications | (Euronext: ORA) | Technology | 1992 | 4[158] |
|
1960–1979
Company | Type | Stock | Category | Year founded | Total founders | Founder/co-founder from MIT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3Com | (NYSE: HPE) | Technology | 1979 | 4[159] |
| |
Analog Devices | Public | NASDAQ: ADI | Semiconductor | 1965 | 2[163] | |
Analogic Corporation | Public | NASDAQ: ALOG | Medical imaging | 1967 | 1[166] |
|
Applicon | (FWB: SIE) | Technology | 1969 | 4[168][169] | ||
Bose Corporation | Private | Electronics/technology | 1964 | 1[172] | ||
Boston Dynamics | (TYO: 9984) | Robotics | 1992 | 1[174] |
| |
EMC | (NYSE: DVMT) | Computer hardware | 1979 | 3[176] |
| |
Evans & Sutherland | Public | OTCQB: ESCC | Computer hardware | 1968 | 2[178] |
|
Gartner (Group), Inc. | Public | NYSE: IT | IT journalism | 1979 | 1[180] |
|
Genentech | (SIX: ROG) | Pharmaceuticals | 1976 | 2[182] |
| |
Infocom | (NASDAQ: ATVI) | Software | 1979 | 10[184] |
| |
Intel | Public | NASDAQ: INTC | Semiconductor | 1968 | 2[186] |
|
International Data Group | (SSE: 122458) | Media/technology | 1964 | 1[188] | ||
InterSystems | Private | Software | 1978 | 1[190] | ||
Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers | Private | Finance | 1972 | 4 |
| |
Personal Software/Visicorp
—> Paladin Software |
—> Private (Merged) | Technology | 1978 (Visicorp) | 2 (Visicorp)[193] |
| |
Psychology Today | (Sussex Publishers) | Magazine | 1967 | 1[195] |
| |
SofTech | Public | OTCMKTS: SOFT | Software | 1969 | 1[197] |
|
Software Arts | (NYSE: IBM) | Technology | 1979 | 2[199] |
| |
Teradyne | Public | NYSE: TER | Electronics | 1960 | 2[201] |
|
1900–1959
Company | Type | Stock | Category | Year founded | Total founders | Founder/co-founder from MIT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acoustic Research | (NASDAQ: VOXX) | Electronics | 1954 | 2[204] |
| |
Digital Equipment Corporation | (NYSE: HPQ) | Computer hardware | 1957 | 2[205] | ||
Douglas Aircraft Company
—> Boeing |
—> Public (Merged) | NYSE: BA | Aerospace | 1921 (Douglas)
1939 (McDonnell) |
4[207] |
|
Draper Laboratory | Non-profit | Defense & security | 1932 | 1[210] |
| |
Fairchild Semiconductor | (NASDAQ: ON) | Semiconductor | 1957 | 8[211] |
| |
Gillette | (NYSE: PG) | Consumer products | 1901 | 2[213] |
| |
HP Inc./Hewlett-Packard | Public | NYSE: HPQ | Technology | 1939 | 2[214] |
|
KLH | Private | Electronics | 1957 | 3[101] |
| |
Koch Industries | Private | Conglomerate | 1940[216] | Unknown |
| |
Raytheon | Public | NYSE: RTN | Defense | 1922 | 3[218] |
|
Sprague Electric | (NYSE: VSH) | Electronic components | 1926 | 1[220] |
| |
Texas Instruments | Public | NASDAQ: TXN | Electronics | 1930 | 4[222] |
|
Thermo Electron | —> Public (Merged) | NYSE: TMO | Technology | 1956 (Thermo Electron) | 2 (Thermo Electron)[224] |
|
Before 1900
Company | Type | Stock | Category | Year founded | Total founders | Founder/co-founder from MIT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Arthur D. Little | Partnership | Management consulting | 1886 | 2[226][227] |
| |
Cabot Corporation | Public | NYSE: CBT | Chemicals | 1882 | 2[228] |
|
Samuel Cabot Incorporated | (NYSE:VAL) | Wood stain | 1877 | 1[231] |
| |
Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge | Private | Architecture | 1886 | 3[232] |
| |
Stone & Webster | (NYSE: FTI) | Engineering | 1889 | 2[235] |
|
Notable defunct & dissolved
Company | Type | Stock | Category | Year founded | Total founders | Founder/co-founder (MIT alumni) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adage, Inc. | Defunct | Computer graphics hardware | 1957 | 3[237] |
| |
Advent Corporation | Defunct | Electronics | 1967 | 1[238] |
| |
Boston Phoenix / Boston After Dark | Defunct | Newspapers | 1965 | 1[239] |
| |
Lisp Machines, Inc. | Defunct | Technology | 1979 | 1[240] |
| |
PlanetAll | Defunct | Social networking | 1996 | 2[241] |
| |
Prime Computer | Defunct | Computer hardware | 1972 | 7[243] |
| |
Stellar Computer | Defunct | Computer hardware | 1980 | 1[245] |
| |
Thinking Machines Corporation | Defunct | Computer hardware | 1983 | 2[246] |
|
See also
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