List of heliophysics missions

This is a list of missions supporting heliophysics, including solar observatory missions, solar orbiters, and spacecraft studying the solar wind.[1]

Past and current missions
Spacecraft Launch date Operator Orbit Outcome Remarks Carrier rocket
Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor Satellite (ACRIMSAT)20 December 1999NASAlow Earth (Sun-synchronous)SuccessContact lost 14 December 2013Taurus 2110
Aditya-L12 September 2023ISROEarth-Sun L1 HaloOperationalPSLV-XL(C57)
Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE)25 August 1997NASAEarth-Sun L1 LissajousOperationalDelta II 7920-8
Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM)25 April 2007NASAlow Earth (Sun-synchronous)OperationalPegasus-XL
Ariel 126 April 1962SERC/NASAlow EarthSuccessDeorbited 24 May 1976Thor DM-19 Delta
Balloon Array for Radiation-belt Relativistic Electron Losses (BARREL)January 2013NASAatmosphericSuccesstotal of 63 flights, last launched 30 August 2016high-altitude balloons
Cluster4 June 1996ESAhighly elliptical geocentricFailure at launch4 spacecraftAriane 5G
Cluster II16 July 2000ESAhigh EarthOperational4 Spacecraft, replaced the original Cluster mission that failed on launch.Soyuz-U/Fregat
Coupled Ion-Neutral Dynamics Investigations (CINDI)16 April 2008NASAlow EarthSuccessDeorbited 28 November 2015Pegasus-XL
Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR)11 February 2015NASA/NOAAEarth-Sun L1 LissajousOperationalFalcon 9 v1.1
Double Star29 December 2003CNSA/ESAhighly elliptical geocentricSuccess2 spacecraft, deorbited 14 October 2007Long March 2C
Equator-S2 December 1997ISTP/MPEgeosynchronous transferPartial success (terminated early)Contact lost 1 May 1998Ariane 4 (44P)
Explorer 1025 March 1961NASAhighly elliptical geocentricSuccessDeorbited 1 June 1968Thor DM-19 Delta
Explorer 50 (IMP-8)26 October 1973NASAhigh EarthSuccessContact lost 7 October 2006Delta (1913)
Fast Auroral Snapshot Explorer (FAST)21 August 1996NASAlow EarthSuccessDecommissioned 4 May 2009Pegasus-XL
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)16 October 1975NASA/NOAAgeostationaryOperational18 spacecraft launched, 5 still in operation, 1 more plannedvarious
Geotail24 July 1992ISAS/NASAhigh EarthSuccessDeactivated 28 November 2022.Delta II 6925
Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) (aboard SES-14)26 January 2018NASAgeosynchronousOperationalAriane 5 ECA
Helios10 December 1974NASA / DFVLRheliocentricSuccess2 spacecraft, last contact 10 Feb 1986Titan IIIE/Star-37
Hinode (Solar-B)23 September 2006JAXA / NASA / PPARClow Earth (Sun-synchronous)OperationalM-V
IBEX19 October 2008NASAhigh EarthOperationalPegasus-XL/Star-27
IMAGE25 March 2000NASAhigh EarthSuccessContact lost 18 December 2005Delta II 7326-9.5
Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS)27 June 2013NASAlow Earth (Sun-synchronous)OperationalPegasus-XL
ISEE-122 October 1977NASAhigh EarthSuccessDeorbited 26 September 1987Thor-Delta 2914
ISEE-222 October 1977NASAhigh EarthSuccessDeorbited 26 September 1987Thor-Delta 2914
International Cometary Explorer (ICE)12 August 1978NASAEarth-Sun L1 halo to heliocentricSuccessContact lost 16 September 2014Delta 2914
Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON)11 October 2019SSL/NASAlow EarthOperationalPegasus-XL
Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (MMS)13 March 2015NASAhighly elliptical geocentricOperational4 spacecraftAtlas V 421
Orbiting Geophysical Observatory (OGO)4 September 1964NASAvarious geocentricSuccess (mostly)6 satellites, last Deorbited 29 August 2020various Agena
PAMELA detector (located on Resurs-DK No.1)15 June 2006PAMELA grouplow EarthSuccessDecommissioned 7 February 2016Soyuz-U
Parker Solar Probe
formerly Solar Probe Plus		12 August 2018NASAheliocentricOperationalDelta IV Heavy
Polar24 February 1996NASAhighly elliptical geocentricSuccessDecommissioned 28 April 2008Delta II 7925-10
Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscope Imager (RHESSI)5 February 2002NASAlow EarthSuccessDecommissioned 16 August 2018Pegasus-XL
Skylab and the Apollo Telescope Mount14 May 1973NASAlow EarthSuccessDeorbited 11 July 1979Saturn INT-21
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO)2 December 1995ESA/NASAEarth-Sun L1 haloOperationalAtlas IIAS
Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer (SAMPEX)3 July 1992NASA/MPElow EarthSuccessDeorbited 13 November 2012Scout G-1
Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)11 February 2010NASAgeosynchronousOperationalAtlas V 401
Solar Maximum Mission (SMM)14 February 1980NASAlow EarthSuccessDeorbited 2 December 1989Delta 3910
Solar Orbiter10 February 2020ESA/NASA24°-inclination heliocentricOperationalAtlas V 411
Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE)25 January 2003NASA/LASPlow EarthSuccessDecommissioned 25 February 2020Pegasus-XL
Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO)25 October 2006NASAheliocentricOperational2 spacecraft, 1 still operationalDelta II 7925
Space Environment Testbeds (on DSX)25 June 2019AFRLmedium EarthSuccessDecommissioned 31 May 2021Falcon Heavy
Space Technology 5 (ST5)22 March 2006NASAlow Earth (Sun-synchronous)Success3 spacecraft, decommissioned 30 June 2006Pegasus-XL
Spartan 201 (STS-87)19 November 1997NASAlow EarthFailure during deploymentLanded 5 December 1997Space Shuttle Columbia
Student Nitric Oxide Explorer (SNOE)26 February 1998LASPlow EarthSuccessDeorbited 13 December 2003Pegasus-XL
Swarm22 November 2013ESAlow EarthOperational3 spacecraftRokot / Briz-KM
Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED)7 December 2001NASAlow EarthOperationalDelta II 7920-10
Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS)17 February 2007NASAvariousOperational5 spacecraftDelta II 7925-10C
Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE)1 April 1998NASAlow Earth (Sun-synchronous)SuccessDecommissioned 21 June 2010Pegasus-XL
TWINS A & B28 June 2006NASAhighly elliptical geocentric (Molniya)Success2 spacecraft, decommissioned 2020various
Ulysses6 October 1990NASA/ESAhigh-inclination heliocentricSuccessDecommissioned 30 June 2009Space Shuttle Discovery
Van Allen Probes
formerly Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP)		30 August 2012NASAhighly elliptical geocentricSuccess2 spacecraft, decommissioned 2019Atlas V 401
Voyager5 September 1977NASAheliocentric to galactocentricOperational2 spacecraft, both still in operationTitan IIIE
WIND1 November 1994NASAEarth-Sun L1 haloOperationalDelta II (7925–10)
Yohkoh (Solar-A)30 August 1991ISAS / NASA / PPARClow EarthSuccessDeorbited 12 September 2005Mu-3S-II

Proposed missions
Spacecraft Launch date Operator Orbit Outcome Remarks Carrier rocket
ADvanced Astronomy for HELIophysics (ADAHELI)TBDProposed
Vigilmid 2020sESAEarth-Sun L5 and L1Planned2 spacecraft
Polarimeter to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere (PUNCH)April 2025NASAPlanned
Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer (SMILE)May 2025ESA/CASHighly elliptical orbitPlannedVega-C
Electrojet Zeeman Imaging Explorer (EZIE)After June 2024Planned[2]

Graphic

See also

References
  1. Heliophysics Research - NASA Archived 2016-08-28 at the Wayback Machine
  2. "EZIE | Science Mission Directorate". science.nasa.gov. Retrieved 31 August 2023.
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