List of local winds

This is a list of names given to winds local to specific regions.

Africa

  • Berg wind, a seasonal katabatic wind blowing down the Great Escarpment from the high central plateau to the coast in South Africa.
  • Cape Doctor, often persistent and dry south-easterly wind that blows on the South African coast from spring to late summer (September to March in the southern hemisphere).
  • Haboob, a sandstorm's fast moving wind which causes cold temperature over the area from where it passes. It mainly passes through Sudan of Africa continent.
  • Harmattan, a dry wind that blows from the northeast, bringing dust from the Sahara south toward the Gulf of Guinea.
  • Khamsin (khamaseen in Egypt) and similar winds named Haboob in the Sudan, Aajej in southern Morocco, Ghibli in Libya and Tunisia, Harmattan in the western Maghreb, Sirocco, a south wind from the Sahara and Simoom in the Arabian Peninsula.
  • Tsiokantimo (strong south wind blowing southwest Madagascar)

Asia

Central Asia

Eastern Asia

  • Buran (a wind which blows across eastern Asia. It is also known as Purga when over the tundra)
  • Karakaze (strong cold mountain wind from Gunma Prefecture in Japan)
  • East Asian Monsoon, known in Korea as jangma (장마), and in Japan as tsuyu (梅雨) when advancing northwards in the spring and shurin (秋霖) when retreating southwards in autumn.
  • Oroshi () (strong katabatic wind across the Kanto Plain)

Northern Asia

Southeast Asia

Southern Asia

Western Asia

  • Gilavar (south wind in the Absheron Peninsula of the Azerbaijan Republic)
  • N'aschi (northeastern wind on the Iranian coast of the Persian Gulf, and on the Makran coast)
  • Rashabar (or Rashaba) ("black wind") (a strong wind in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, particularly in Sulaimaniya)[4]
  • Shamal (a summer northwesterly wind blowing over Iraq and the Persian Gulf states)
  • Sharqi (seasonal dry, dusty Middle Eastern wind coming from the south and southeast)
  • Simoom (Samiel) (strong, dry, desert wind that blows in Israel, Jordan, Syria, and the desert of Arabia)
  • Wind of 120 days (a four-month-long hot and dry wind over the Sistan Basin in Iran and Afghanistan)

The Americas

Caribbean

  • Alisio (easterly trade wind in the Caribbean)[5]
  • Alize (northeasterly across central Africa and the Caribbean)
  • Bayamo (violent wind on Cuba's southern coast)
  • Brisote (the northeast trade wind when it is blowing more strongly than usual, in Cuba)[6]

South America

  • Abrolhos (squall near the Abrolhos Islands off the coast of eastern Brazil)
  • Caju (stormy gale-force north-westerly in the Atlantic coast of Brazil)
  • Nordeste (moderate wind from northwest in brazilian Northeast region)
  • Carpinteiro (strong southeasterly wind along the southern Atlantic coast of Brazil)
  • Garua, la garúa, or garoa (dry winds hitting the lower western slopes of the Andes)
  • Minuano (southern Brazil)
  • Zonda wind (on the eastern slope of the Andes in Argentina)
  • Pampero (Argentina and Uruguay), very strong wind that blows from the sea over the Rio de la Plata into the Pampa, generally accompanied with a thick line of squalls, with severe rains, hail and thunderstorm.
  • Puelche (on the western slope of the Andes in south-central Chile)[7]
  • Sudestada, (strong offshore wind from the Southeast associated with most of the shipwrecks in Uruguay's Rio de la Plata coast)
  • Williwaw (strong, violent wind occurring in the Strait of Magellan, the Aleutian Islands, and the coastal fjords of Southeast Alaska)

Mexico

  • Cordonazo, also referred to as el cordonazo de San Francisco or the Lash of St Francis (southerly hurricane winds along the west coast of Mexico)
  • Coromuel (south to south-west wind in the La Paz area of the Baja California peninsula and the Gulf of California)
  • Norte (strong cold northeasterly wind in Mexico)

Central America

United States, Canada and Greenland

Europe

  • Autan (warm, föhn-type southeasterly wind in the Mediterranean Languedoc region)
  • Bise (cold, northern wind in France and northeastern wind in Switzerland)
  • Böhm (cold, dry wind in Central Europe)
  • Bora (northeasterly from eastern Europe to northeastern Italy and northwestern Balkans)
  • Burle (north wind which blows in the winter in south-central France)
  • Cers (strong, very dry northeasterly wind in the bas-Languedoc region in southern France)
  • Cierzo (cool north/northwesterly wind on Ebro Valley in Spain)
  • Crivăț (strong, very cold north-easterly wind in Moldavia, Dobruja, and the Bărăgan Plain parts of Romania.)
  • Etesian (Greek name) or Meltem (Turkish name) (northerly across Greece and Turkey)
  • Euroclydon (a cyclonic tempestuous northeast wind in the Mediterranean)
  • Föhn or foehn (a warm, dry, southerly wind off the northern side of the Alps and North Italy. The name gave rise to the fén-fēng (焚風 'burning wind') of Taiwan).
  • Gregale (northeasterly from Greece)
  • Halny (in northern Carpathians)
  • Helm (north-easterly wind in Cumbria, England)
  • Košava (strong and cold southeasterly season wind in Serbia)[13]
  • Viento de Levante or Levanter (easterly through Strait of Gibraltar)
  • Leveche (Spanish name for a warm southwest wind in parts of coastal Mediterranean Spain)
  • Libeccio (southwesterly towards Italy)
  • Llevantades (north-north-east and east-north-east on the east coast of Spain)
  • Lodos (southwesterly towards Turkey. Strong "Lodos" events occur 6 - 7 times a year bringing 35 kt winds into Marmara Sea. The winds are funnelled SE from the Mediterranean and through the Dardanelles Strait.)
  • Maestro (cold northerly in the Adriatic sea)
  • Marin (south-easterly from Mediterranean to France)
  • Mistral (cold northerly from central France and the Alps to Mediterranean)
  • Nordés (north-eastern wind in Galicia)
  • Ostro (southerly wind in the Mediterranean)
  • Poniente, ponente, or ponent (strong west to east wind formed by the wind tunnel effect of the Gibraltar Strait; see Levante for the opposite)
  • Sirocco (southerly warm and moist wind from north Africa to southern Europe, mostly to Southern Italy and to the Balkans)
  • Solano (south to south-easterly wind in the southern sector of Spain)
  • Tramontane (cold northwesterly from the Pyrenees or northeasterly from the Alps to the Mediterranean, similar to Mistral)
  • Vendavel (westerly through the Strait of Gibraltar)
  • Murlan (cold and dry northeasterly wind in winter in Albania, Montenegro and Northwestern part of North Macedonia)

Oceania

References

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  2. English, Fr. Leo James (2004). Tagalog-English Dictionary. Manila: Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer. ISBN 971-08-4357-5.
  3. PAGASA Archived 2013-05-26 at the Wayback Machine
  4. Rudloff, Willy (1981) World-climates, with tables of climatic data and practical suggestions Wissensdraftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Stuttgart, Germany, page 242, ISBN 3-8047-0509-X
  5. Lizano, Omar (2007). "Climatología del viento y oleaje frente a las costas de Costa Rica" (PDF). Ciencia y Tecnología. Retrieved 2016-02-04.
  6. Forrester, Frank H. (1981). 1001 Questions Answered about the Weather. Courier Corporation. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-486-24218-7.
  7. Miller A. World Survey of Climatology. Volume 12. Chapter 3. Climate of Chile.
  8. "Highway 70 blaze 100 percent contained". Paradise Post. 2015-07-27. Retrieved 2018-11-19.
  9. Newberry, Paige St John, Anna M. Phillips, Joseph Serna, Sonali Kohli, Laura (18 November 2018). "California fire: What started as a tiny brush fire became the state's deadliest wildfire. Here's how". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2018-11-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. Stephen Pax Leonard, "Life in Greenland's polar desert", The Observer 2011-10-30
  11. Government of Canada (2003-05-01), Twister Sisters Environment Canada, archived from the original on 2009-09-24, retrieved 2009-08-05
  12. Bowyer, Peter J. and Gray, John M. (1995) Where the wind blows: a guide to marine weather in Atlantic Canada Breakwater, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada, ISBN 1-55081-119-3
  13. Romanić D. Ćurić M. Jovičić I. Lompar M. 2015. Long-term trends of the ‘Koshava’ wind during the period 1949–2010. International Journal of Climatology 35(2):288-302. DOI:10.1002/joc.3981.
  14. "Kona Low Drenches the State of Hawaii". www.weather.gov. NOAA, US Department of Commerce. Retrieved 28 April 2022.
  15. Malo, David (1903) Hawaiian antiquities (Moolelo Hawaii) Hawaiian Gazette Company, Honolulu, Hawaii, page 34 OCLC 13734333
  16. "Warm braw". ametsoc.org. Glossary of Meteorology, American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 28 April 2022.
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