List of military alliances

This is the list of military alliances. A military alliance is a formal agreement between two or more parties concerning national security in which the contracting parties agree to mutual protection and support in case of a crisis that has not been identified in advance. Military alliances differ from coalitions, which formed for a crisis that already exists. Numerous forms of military and defensive alliances have existed between states since early human history. This is a comprehensive list of the most important alliances.

Military alliances shortly before World War I. Germany and the Ottoman Empire allied after the outbreak of war.

Before AD 1200

Legend
	Active military alliances

Years	Name	Members
c. 7th century–338 BC	Latin League	About 30 villages and tribes in the region of Latium
c. 6th century–338 BC	Peloponnesian League	Various city-states in the Peloponnese, dominated by Sparta
493 BC	Foedus Cassianum	Roman Republic Latin League
478–404 BC	Delian League	See Members of the Delian League
215 BC	Macedonian–Carthaginian Treaty	Macedonia Carthage
433–554	Silla-Baekje Alliance	Silla Baekje
1123	Pactum Warmundi	Kingdom of Jerusalem Republic of Venice
1167–1250	Lombard League	Numerous cities in medieval Lombardy, modern Northern Italy

1200–1699

Years	Name	Members
1266–1320	Byzantine-Mongol Alliance	Byzantine Empire Golden Horde
1295–1560	Auld Alliance	Kingdom of Scotland Kingdom of France
1367–1385	Confederation of Cologne	Cities of the Hanseatic League
1373	Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1373	Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of England
1386	Treaty of Windsor[note 1]	Kingdom of Portugal Kingdom of England
1489	Treaty of Dordrecht	Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of England
1499	Treaty of Blois	Kingdom of France Republic of Venice
1508–1510	League of Cambrai	Papal States Kingdom of France Aragon Holy Roman Empire
1511–1513	Catholic League (Italian)	Papal States Republic of Venice Kingdom of England Aragon Holy Roman Empire
1524–1525	Franco-Polish alliance	Kingdom of France Crown of Poland
1528	Franco-Hungarian alliance	Kingdom of France Kingdom of Hungary
1531–1547	Schmalkaldic League	Various Protestant German States of the Holy Roman Empire
1536–1798	Franco-Ottoman alliance	Kingdom of France Ottoman Empire
1571–1573	Holy League	Papal States Spain Republic of Venice among others
1596–1604	Triple Alliance (1596)	Dutch Republic Kingdom of France Kingdom of England
1608–1621	Protestant Union	Various Protestant German States of the Holy Roman Empire
1609–1635	Catholic League (German)	Various Catholic German States of the Holy Roman Empire
1631–1639	Treaty of Fontainebleau	Kingdom of France Electorate of Bavaria
1654	Anglo-Swedish Alliance	Sweden England
1656	Treaty of Marienburg	Sweden Brandenburg-Prussia
1668–1672	Triple Alliance	Kingdom of England Sweden Dutch Republic
1684–1699	Holy League	Holy Roman Empire Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Republic of Venice Tsardom of Russia
1689–1713	League of Augsburg	Kingdom of England Dutch Republic Holy Roman Empire
1699	Treaty of Preobrazhenskoye	Denmark-Norway Tsardom of Russia Electorate of Saxony Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

1700–1899

Years	Name	Members
1716–1731	Anglo-French Alliance	Kingdom of France Kingdom of Great Britain
1717–1718	Triple Alliance (1717)	Dutch Republic Kingdom of France Kingdom of Great Britain
1731–1756	Anglo-Austrian Alliance	Kingdom of Great Britain Holy Roman Empire
1747–1748	Convention of Saint Petersburg	Kingdom of Great Britain Russian Empire Dutch Republic
1756–1762	Anglo-Prussian Alliance (1756)	Kingdom of Great Britain Kingdom of Prussia
1756-1792	Franco-Austrian Alliance	Kingdom of France Holy Roman Empire
1764–1788	Russo-Prussian alliance	Russian Empire Kingdom of Prussia
1778–1800	Treaty of Alliance	United States Kingdom of France
1779–1783	Treaty of Aranjuez	Kingdom of France Kingdom of Spain
1781–1790	Austro-Russian Alliance	Russian Empire Holy Roman Empire
1788–1791	Anglo-Prussian Alliance (1788)	Kingdom of Great Britain Kingdom of Prussia
1788–1791	Triple Alliance (1788)	Kingdom of Great Britain Kingdom of Prussia Dutch Republic
1790–1792	Polish–Prussian alliance	Kingdom of Prussia Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
1795	Treaty of Peace and Friendship between the United States and the Regency of Algiers	United States Regency of Algiers
1807	Russo-Serbian Alliance	Russian Empire Revolutionary Serbia
1815–1818	The Quadruple Alliance	United Kingdom Austrian Empire Kingdom of Prussia Russian Empire
1815–1825	Holy Alliance	Russian Empire Kingdom of Prussia Austrian Empire
1865–1872	Triple Alliance of 1865	Brazil Uruguay Argentina
1866–1868	First Balkan Alliance	Kingdom of Greece (1867) Principality of Montenegro (1866) Principality of Serbia
1867–1868	Greek–Serbian Alliance of 1867	Kingdom of Greece Principality of Serbia
1873	Treaty of Defensive Alliance (Bolivia–Peru)	Bolivia Peru
1873–1887	League of the Three Emperors	Russian Empire Austria-Hungary German Empire
1879–1918	Dual Alliance	Austria-Hungary German Empire
1881–1908	Austro–Serbian Alliance	Austria-Hungary Principality of Serbia
1882–1914	Triple Alliance	German Empire Austria-Hungary Kingdom of Italy
1892	Treaty of Nice	French Third Republic Kingdom of Italy
1892–1917	Franco-Russian Alliance	French Third Republic Russian Empire

1900–1999

Years	Name	Members
1902–1923	Anglo-Japanese Alliance	Japan United Kingdom
1904	Entente Cordiale[note 2]	France United Kingdom
1904	Treaty of Sofia	Principality of Bulgaria Kingdom of Serbia
1907–1917	Triple Entente	France Russian Empire United Kingdom
1912–1913	Balkan League	Kingdom of Bulgaria Greece Kingdom of Montenegro Kingdom of Serbia
1913–1914	Greek–Serbian Alliance	Greece Serbia
1914–1918	Central Powers	Austria-Hungary Bulgaria German Empire Ottoman Empire
1914–1918	Ottoman–Bulgarian alliance	Bulgaria Ottoman Empire
1915–1918	Bulgaria–Germany treaty (1915)	Bulgaria German Empire
1915–1918	German–Ottoman alliance	German Empire Ottoman Empire
1916–1918	Treaty of Bucharest (1916)	France Italy Romania Russian Empire United Kingdom
1920–1921	Polish-Ukrainian Agreement	Poland Ukraine
1920–1938	Little Entente	Czechoslovakia Romania Yugoslavia
1920–1940	Franco-Polish Alliance (1921)	France Poland
1920–1921	Georgian–Polish alliance	Georgia Poland
1921–1939	Polish–Romanian alliance	Poland Romania
1922–1930	Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1922	Iraq United Kingdom
1924–1938	Treaty of Alliance and Friendship between France and Czechoslovakia	Czechoslovakia France
1930–1939/40	Finnish–Estonian defence cooperation	Estonia Finland
1930–1947	Anglo-Iraqi Treaty of 1930	Iraq United Kingdom
1934–1938	Balkan Pact	Greece Romania Turkey Yugoslavia
1934–1938	Rome Protocols	Austria Hungary Italy
1934–1935	Stresa Front	France Italy United Kingdom
1935–1938	Czechoslovak–Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance	Czechoslovakia Soviet Union
1935–1939	Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance	France Soviet Union
1936–1956	Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936	Egypt United Kingdom
1939–1944	Anglo-Polish alliance	Poland United Kingdom
1939–1945	Iberian Pact	Portugal Spain
1939–1940	Soviet–Estonian Mutual Assistance Treaty	Estonia Soviet Union
1939–1940	Soviet–Latvian Mutual Assistance Treaty	Latvia Soviet Union
1939–1940	Soviet–Lithuanian Mutual Assistance Treaty	Lithuania Soviet Union
1939–1949[note 3]	Pact of Steel	Germany Italy
1940	Ogdensburg Agreement	Canada United States
1940–1945	Tripartite Pact	Bulgaria Croatia Germany Hungary Italy Japan Romania Slovakia Yugoslavia[note 4]
1941–1945	Anglo-Soviet Agreement	Soviet Union United Kingdom
1942–1945	Anglo-Soviet Treaty of 1942	Soviet Union United Kingdom
1942–1945	Declaration by United Nations	List Australia Belgium Bolivia Brazil Canada Chile China Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Czechoslovakia Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Ethiopia France Greece Guatemala Haiti Honduras India Iran Iraq Lebanon Liberia Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Norway Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Poland Saudi Arabia South Africa Soviet Union Syria Turkey United Kingdom United States Venezuela Yugoslavia
1942–1945	Croatian–Romanian–Slovak friendship proclamation	Croatia Romania Slovakia
1943	Five Eyes	Australia Canada New Zealand United Kingdom United States
1946–1948	Treaty of London (1946)[1]	Jordan United Kingdom
1947–1957	UK-Ceylon Defence Pact[2][3]	Ceylon United Kingdom
1947–1997	Treaty of Dunkirk	France United Kingdom
1947	Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (Rio Pact)	List Argentina The Bahamas (joined in 1982) Bolivia (denounced treaty in 2012, withdrew in 2014) Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba (suspended in 1962) Dominican Republic Ecuador (denounced treaty in 2014, withdrew in 2016) El Salvador Guatemala Haiti Honduras Mexico (denounced treaty in 2002, withdrew in 2004) Nicaragua (denounced treaty in 2012, withdrew in 2014) Panama Paraguay Peru Trinidad and Tobago (joined in 1967) United States Uruguay (denounced treaty in 2019, withdrew denounciation in 2020) Venezuela (denounced treaty in 2013, de facto withdrew in 2015, membership approved for the National Assembly only)
1948–1954	Western Union[note 5]	Belgium France Luxembourg Netherlands United Kingdom
1949	North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)[note 6]	List Albania (joined in 2009) Belgium Bulgaria (joined in 2004) Canada Croatia (joined in 2009) Czechia (joined in 1999) Denmark Estonia (joined in 2004) Finland (joined in 2023) France Germany (joined in 1955 as West Germany) Greece (joined in 1952) Hungary (joined in 1999) Iceland Italy Latvia (joined in 2004) Lithuania (joined in 2004) Luxembourg Montenegro (joined in 2017) Netherlands North Macedonia (joined in 2020) Norway Poland (joined in 1999) Portugal Romania (joined in 2004) Slovakia (joined in 2004) Slovenia (joined in 2004) Spain (joined in 1982) Turkey (joined in 1952) United Kingdom United States
1949–1989	Secret Swedish-American Alliance[4]	Sweden United States
1950–1979	Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance	China Soviet Union
1951	Mutual Defense Treaty (United States–Philippines)	Philippines United States
1951	ANZUS Treaty	Australia New Zealand United States
1951	U.S.-Japan Alliance	Japan United States
1952	Brazil–United States Treaty	Brazil United States
1952	US–Israel Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement[5]	Israel United States
1953	Mutual Defense Treaty (United States–South Korea)	South Korea United States
1953–1956	Agreement of Friendship and Cooperation	Greece Turkey Yugoslavia
1954	Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement (United States-Pakistan)	Pakistan United States
1954–1977	Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO)	List Australia France New Zealand Pakistan Philippines Thailand United Kingdom United States
1954–2011	Western European Union	List Belgium France Germany (West Germany until 1990) Greece (joined in 1995) Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Portugal (joined in 1990) Spain (joined in 1990) United Kingdom
1955–1979	Middle East Treaty Organization (METO)	Iran Iraq (withdrew in 1959) Pakistan Turkey United Kingdom
1955–1991	Warsaw Pact	List Albania (withdrew in 1968) Bulgaria Czechoslovakia East Germany (reunified with West Germany in 1990) Hungary Poland Romania (de-satellized in the early 1960s) Soviet Union
1955–1975	Simonstown Agreement	South Africa United Kingdom
1955–1980	Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty	China United States
1957–1967	Anglo-Malayan Defence Agreement	Malaya United Kingdom
1958–1962	Anglo-Nigerian Defence Agreement[6]	Nigeria United Kingdom
1960	Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan	Japan United States
1961	Sino-North Korean Mutual Aid and Cooperation Friendship Treaty	China North Korea
1962	Thanat–Rusk Communiqué	Thailand United States
1964–1979	Anglo-Maltese Defence Agreement[7]	Malta United Kingdom
1967–1972	Egypt–Jordan Mutual Defense Agreement[8]	Egypt Jordan
1968–1974	Mauritius-United Kingdom Mutual Defence and Assistance Agreement[9][10]	Mauritius United Kingdom
1970–1974	Alcora Exercise	Portugal Rhodesia South Africa
1971	Five Power Defence Arrangements	Australia Malaysia New Zealand Singapore United Kingdom
1975–1994	Israel–South Africa Agreement	Israel South Africa
1979	Taiwan Relations Act	Taiwan United States
1982	Regional Security System	List Antigua and Barbuda Barbados Dominica Grenada (joined in 1985) Guyana (joined in 2022) Jamaica (joined in 2023) Saint Kitts and Nevis (joined in 1983) Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1984	Peninsula Shield Force	Bahrain Kuwait Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates
1992	Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)	Armenia Belarus Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Russia Tajikistan
1997	Union State	Belarus Russia
1999	European Union[note 7]	List Austria Belgium Bulgaria (joined in 2007) Croatia (joined in 2013) Cyprus (joined in 2004) Czechia (joined in 2004) Denmark Estonia (joined in 2004) Finland France Germany Greece Hungary (joined in 2004) Ireland Italy Latvia (joined in 2004) Lithuania (joined in 2004) Luxembourg Malta (joined in 2004, does not participate in the CSDP) Netherlands Poland (joined in 2004) Portugal Romania (joined in 2007) Slovakia (joined in 2004) Slovenia (joined in 2004) Spain Sweden United Kingdom (withdrew in 2020) [11]

2000–Present

Years	Name	Members
2010	Agreement on Strategic Partnership and Mutual Support[note 8]	Azerbaijan Turkey
2010	Lancaster House Treaties	France United Kingdom
2014	Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement	Philippines United States
2015	Islamic Military Counter Terrorism Coalition	List Bahrain Bangladesh Benin Brunei Burkina Faso Chad Comoros Djibouti Egypt Gabon The Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast Jordan Kenya Kuwait Lebanon Libya Malaysia Maldives Mali Mauritania Morocco Niger Nigeria Oman Pakistan Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Senegal Sierra Leone Somalia Sudan Togo Tunisia Turkey Uganda United Arab Emirates Yemen (Hadi/al-Alimi government)
2015	Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition	Iran Iraq Russia Syria Hezbollah
2015–2020	U.S.–Afghanistan Strategic Partnership Agreement	Afghanistan United States
2017	Anglo-Polish Defense Treaty[12]	Poland United Kingdom
2019	US-Greece Defense Agreement[13][14]	Greece United States
2020	Lublin Triangle	Lithuania Poland Ukraine
2021	Franco-Greek defence agreement	France Greece
2021	Shusha Declaration	Azerbaijan Turkey
2021	Israel-United Kingdom Defence Pact[15][16]	Israel United Kingdom
2021	US-Jordan Defense Cooperation Agreement[17]	Jordan United States
2022	British–Polish–Ukrainian trilateral pact	Poland Ukraine United Kingdom[18]
2022	Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance between the Russian Federation and the Lugansk People's Republic[19][20]	Luhansk Russia
2022	Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance between the Russian Federation and the Donetsk People's Republic[19][20]	Donetsk Russia
2022	Solomon Islands-China Security Pact[21][22]	China Solomon Islands
2022	UK-Sweden Defence Agreement[23][24]	Sweden United Kingdom
2022	UK-Finland Defence Agreement[25][24]	Finland United Kingdom
2022	UK-Oman Mutual Defence Agreement[26]	Oman United Kingdom
2022	Egypt-Iraq-Jordan Entente[27]	Egypt Iraq Jordan
2022	Japan-Australia Reciprocal Access Agreement	Australia Japan
2023	Anglo-Japanese Reciprocal Access Agreement[28]	Japan United Kingdom
2023	Anglo-Greek Defence Agreement[29][30]	Greece United Kingdom
2023	Papua New Guinea-United States Defence Agreement[31][32]	Papua New Guinea United States
2023	Alliance of Sahel States[33]	Burkina Faso Mali Niger

Proposed alliances

Instrument	Countries
CANZUK is a proposed alliance between four Commonwealth realms	Australia Canada New Zealand United Kingdom
United States-Israel Strategic Partnership is a proposal to make a formal alliance between the United States and Israel	Israel United States
France-Japan Reciprocal Access Agreement is currently being negotiated to finalize a formal alliance between Japan and France.[34]	France Japan
EU-UK Mutual Defence Agreement is a proposal, most notably from the Labour Party, to sign a formal alliance between the EU and the UK.[35]	European Union United Kingdom
Japan-Philippines Defense Pact has been in negotiations due to rising political tensions in the Pacific.[36][37]	Japan Philippines
South Korea-Japan Defense Pact[38] is a proposed alliance between South Korea & Japan in response to increased aggression from North Korea.	Japan South Korea
Mauritius-United Kingdom Defence Agreement is a proposal to sign a military alliance between Mauritius and the UK as part of an effort to resolve the Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute.[39]	Mauritius United Kingdom
Japan-Philippines-United States trilateral alliance is currently being negotiated in response to increased military build-up from China.[40]	Japan Philippines United States

Notes

See also Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
See also Lancaster House Treaties
Effectively ended in 1943
(Two days only)
See also Treaty of Brussels
See also North Atlantic Treaty
See also Common Security and Defence Policy
See also Shusha Declaration

References

Treaty of Alliance wikimedia.org
"United Kingdom And Ceylon (Defence Agreement) - Hansard - UK Parliament". Retrieved 6 May 2023.
Barnes, Robert (2022). "'In the Mutual Interest': The Making and Breaking of the United Kingdom-Ceylon Defence Agreement, 1947–1957". The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. 50 (6): 1093–1122. doi:10.1080/03086534.2022.2084932. S2CID 249944469.
SOU 1994:11 Om kriget kommit... Förberedelser för mottagande av militärt bistånd 1949–1969
"Technical Difficulties".
Marco Wyss Marco Wyss (22 April 2021). "The Anglo-Nigerian Defence Agreement | Postcolonial Security: Britain, France, and West Africa's Cold War | Oxford Academic". Academic.oup.com. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
"Anglo-Maltese Defence Agreement - Hansard - UK Parliament". Retrieved 6 May 2023.
Wall, Michael (31 May 2019). "Hussein and Nasser sign defence agreement - archive, 1967 | Middle East and north Africa". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
"MAURITIUS - UNITED KINGDOM Agreement on Mutual Defence and Assistance". The National Archives. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
Houbert, Jean (8 November 2008). "Mauritius: Independence and Dependence". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 19: 75–105. doi:10.1017/S0022278X00054136. S2CID 154753371. Retrieved 28 April 2023.
"TEU 42.7: "If a Member State is the victim of armed aggression on its territory, the other Member States shall have towards it an obligation of aid and assistance by all the means in their power, in accordance with Article 51 of the United Nations Charter. This shall not prejudice the specific character of the security and defence policy of certain Member States."". The Treaty on European Union. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
"UK, Poland sign strategic partnership". 7 July 2023.
"US, Greece Sign Revised Defense Cooperation Agreement". US News. Retrieved 3 November 2019.
"Greece, US hail strategic relationship after signing defence deal". The New Athenian. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
Sabbagh, Dan; Defence, Dan Sabbagh (28 November 2021). "Britain and Israel to sign trade and defence deal | Trade policy". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
Millis, Joe (7 December 2020). "UK and Israel sign agreement on military cooperation". Jewish News. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
Jordan (21-317) – Defense Cooperation Agreement state.gov
"Ukraine, UK, Poland announce security pact amid heightened tensions". 17 February 2022.
"The State Duma ratified Treaties of Friendship with the Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics". 22 February 2022.
"Russia now has right to build military bases in eastern Ukraine - treaties". Reuters. 22 February 2022.
"Solomon Islands signs China pact, defying Australia". Taipei Times. 20 April 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
Kim, Patricia M. (6 May 2022). "Does the China-Solomon Islands security pact portend a more interventionist Beijing?". Brookings Institution.
"UK-Sweden Political Declaration of Solidarity". GOV.UK. 11 May 2022.
"Sweden, Finland Sign Defense Treaty with the U.K. Ahead of Joining NATO". National Review. 11 May 2022.
"UNITED KINGDOM - FINLAND STATEMENT HELSINKI, 11 MAY 2022" (PDF). GOV.UK. 11 May 2022.
"Oman, UK sign mutual defence agreement". Times of Oman. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
"Iraq-Jordan-Egypt Entente Moves Ahead Despite the GCC's Shadow". Arab Center Washington DC. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
"UK, Japan sign defense deal amid rising concern about China". ABC News. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
"UK and Greece seek strengthened Defence partnership". GOV.UK. 7 February 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
"UK, Greece Seek Strengthened Defence Partnership". 8 February 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
"US and Papua New Guinea sign pact amid Pacific militarisation concerns". The Guardian. 22 May 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
"US, Papua New Guinea sign defence agreement as Modi pledges support for Pacific Islands". Reuters. 22 May 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
"Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso Sign Sahel Security Pact". Voice of America. Reuters. 16 September 2023. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
"Japan, France Vow to Enhance Defense Cooperation at 2-Plus-2 Talks". 21 January 2022.
"Lammy at em securing a security pact with Europe". 1 February 2023.
"Japan, Philippines on verge of VFA defense pact". Asia Times. 18 August 2023.
"Philippines' Marcos open to a troop pact with Japan". Reuters. 13 February 2023.
"S. Korea looks to revive military pact with Japan upon thaw". Koreaherald.com. 9 March 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
Scott, David (7 June 2018). "Britain Returns to the Indian Ocean?". The Round Table. 107 (3): 307–316. doi:10.1080/00358533.2018.1476096. S2CID 158788448.
Heydarian, Richard Javad (6 April 2023). "The Japan-Philippine-U.S. Trilateral alliance in the making". The Japan Times.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] See also Anglo-Portuguese Alliance

[2] See also Lancaster House Treaties

[3] Effectively ended in 1943

[4] (Two days only)

[8] See also Treaty of Brussels

[9] See also North Atlantic Treaty

[17] See also Common Security and Defence Policy

[19] See also Shusha Declaration

[5] Treaty of Alliance wikimedia.org

[6] "United Kingdom And Ceylon (Defence Agreement) - Hansard - UK Parliament". Retrieved 6 May 2023.

[7] Barnes, Robert (2022). "'In the Mutual Interest': The Making and Breaking of the United Kingdom-Ceylon Defence Agreement, 1947–1957". The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. 50 (6): 1093–1122. doi:10.1080/03086534.2022.2084932. S2CID 249944469.

[10] SOU 1994:11 Om kriget kommit... Förberedelser för mottagande av militärt bistånd 1949–1969

[11] "Technical Difficulties".

[12] Marco Wyss Marco Wyss (22 April 2021). "The Anglo-Nigerian Defence Agreement | Postcolonial Security: Britain, France, and West Africa's Cold War | Oxford Academic". Academic.oup.com. Retrieved 6 May 2023.

[13] "Anglo-Maltese Defence Agreement - Hansard - UK Parliament". Retrieved 6 May 2023.

[14] Wall, Michael (31 May 2019). "Hussein and Nasser sign defence agreement - archive, 1967 | Middle East and north Africa". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 May 2023.

[15] "MAURITIUS - UNITED KINGDOM Agreement on Mutual Defence and Assistance". The National Archives. Retrieved 28 April 2023.

[16] Houbert, Jean (8 November 2008). "Mauritius: Independence and Dependence". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 19: 75–105. doi:10.1017/S0022278X00054136. S2CID 154753371. Retrieved 28 April 2023.

[18] "TEU 42.7: "If a Member State is the victim of armed aggression on its territory, the other Member States shall have towards it an obligation of aid and assistance by all the means in their power, in accordance with Article 51 of the United Nations Charter. This shall not prejudice the specific character of the security and defence policy of certain Member States."". The Treaty on European Union. Retrieved 22 February 2022.

[20] "UK, Poland sign strategic partnership". 7 July 2023.

[21] "US, Greece Sign Revised Defense Cooperation Agreement". US News. Retrieved 3 November 2019.

[22] "Greece, US hail strategic relationship after signing defence deal". The New Athenian. Retrieved 4 November 2019.

[23] Sabbagh, Dan; Defence, Dan Sabbagh (28 November 2021). "Britain and Israel to sign trade and defence deal | Trade policy". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 May 2023.

[24] Millis, Joe (7 December 2020). "UK and Israel sign agreement on military cooperation". Jewish News. Retrieved 6 May 2023.

[25] Jordan (21-317) – Defense Cooperation Agreement state.gov

[26] "Ukraine, UK, Poland announce security pact amid heightened tensions". 17 February 2022.

[duma_53516-27] "The State Duma ratified Treaties of Friendship with the Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics". 22 February 2022.

[reuters_2022-02-21-28] "Russia now has right to build military bases in eastern Ukraine - treaties". Reuters. 22 February 2022.

[29] "Solomon Islands signs China pact, defying Australia". Taipei Times. 20 April 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2022.

[:3-30] Kim, Patricia M. (6 May 2022). "Does the China-Solomon Islands security pact portend a more interventionist Beijing?". Brookings Institution.

[31] "UK-Sweden Political Declaration of Solidarity". GOV.UK. 11 May 2022.

[nationalreview_2022-05-11-32] "Sweden, Finland Sign Defense Treaty with the U.K. Ahead of Joining NATO". National Review. 11 May 2022.

[33] "UNITED KINGDOM - FINLAND STATEMENT HELSINKI, 11 MAY 2022" (PDF). GOV.UK. 11 May 2022.

[34] "Oman, UK sign mutual defence agreement". Times of Oman. Retrieved 6 May 2023.

[35] "Iraq-Jordan-Egypt Entente Moves Ahead Despite the GCC's Shadow". Arab Center Washington DC. Retrieved 6 May 2023.

[36] "UK, Japan sign defense deal amid rising concern about China". ABC News. Retrieved 6 May 2023.

[37] "UK and Greece seek strengthened Defence partnership". GOV.UK. 7 February 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.

[38] "UK, Greece Seek Strengthened Defence Partnership". 8 February 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.

[39] "US and Papua New Guinea sign pact amid Pacific militarisation concerns". The Guardian. 22 May 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2023.

[40] "US, Papua New Guinea sign defence agreement as Modi pledges support for Pacific Islands". Reuters. 22 May 2023. Retrieved 14 August 2023.

[41] "Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso Sign Sahel Security Pact". Voice of America. Reuters. 16 September 2023. Retrieved 17 September 2023.

[42] "Japan, France Vow to Enhance Defense Cooperation at 2-Plus-2 Talks". 21 January 2022.

[43] "Lammy at em securing a security pact with Europe". 1 February 2023.

[44] "Japan, Philippines on verge of VFA defense pact". Asia Times. 18 August 2023.

[45] "Philippines' Marcos open to a troop pact with Japan". Reuters. 13 February 2023.

[46] "S. Korea looks to revive military pact with Japan upon thaw". Koreaherald.com. 9 March 2023. Retrieved 6 May 2023.

[47] Scott, David (7 June 2018). "Britain Returns to the Indian Ocean?". The Round Table. 107 (3): 307–316. doi:10.1080/00358533.2018.1476096. S2CID 158788448.

[48] Heydarian, Richard Javad (6 April 2023). "The Japan-Philippine-U.S. Trilateral alliance in the making". The Japan Times.