List of political parties in Taiwan

This article lists the political parties in the Republic of China (Taiwan) from 7 December 1949.

The organization of political parties in Taiwan is governed by the Political Parties Act, enacted on 6 December 2017. The Political Parties Act defines political parties as "political groups consisting of ROC citizens with a common political ideology who safeguard the free, democratic, constitutional order, assist in shaping the political will of the people, and nominate candidates for election to public office."[1][2]

Prior to the passage of the Political Parties Act, political organizations in Taiwan followed the Civil Associations Act, also known as the Civil Organizations Act, promulgated in 1989.[1][2] The Civil Associations Act required that groups held a convention to announce the formation of a political party, and within thirty days of the announcement, provide a list of party members and a party charter to the Ministry of the Interior.[3] Groups established when the Civil Associations Act was in effect should have revised their charters to comply with the Political Parties Act by 7 December 2019. To be compliant with the Political Parties Act, political groups must additionally convene a representative assembly or party congress for four consecutive years and have followed relevant laws and regulations governing the nomination of candidates to campaign in elections for public office for the same time period. Within one year of filing for political party status, a political group must complete legal person registration. The Ministry of the Interior requires that political parties submit annual property and financial statements. Political organizations that do not meet these regulations were dissolved and removed from the registry of political parties.[1][2]

Current parties

Parties with national or local representation

AlliancePartyRepresentationParty leaderCross-Strait positionIdeologies International
affiliation
NationalLocal
LeadersCouncillors

Pan-Green
coalition

泛綠
聯盟
DPP Democratic Progressive Party[upper-roman 1]
62 / 113
5 / 22
277 / 910
Lai Ching-te Status quo
Taiwanese statehood
Progressivism
Taiwanese nationalism
LI
NPP New Power Party[upper-roman 2]
3 / 113
0 / 22
6 / 910
Chen Jiau-hua Taiwanese statehood Social democracy
Taiwanese nationalism
TSU Taiwan Solidarity Union[upper-roman 3]
0 / 113
0 / 22
3 / 910
Liu Yi-te Taiwanese statehood Taiwanese nationalism
TSP Taiwan Statebuilding Party[upper-roman 4]
0 / 113
0 / 22
2 / 910
Wang Hsing-huan Taiwanese statehood Progressivism
Taiwanese nationalism
GPT Green Party Taiwan[upper-roman 5]
0 / 113
0 / 22
1 / 910
Lee Keng-cheng
Chang Yu-jing
Taiwanese statehood Green politics GG
SDP Social Democratic Party[upper-roman 6]
0 / 113
0 / 22
1 / 910
Ting Yung-yan Taiwanese statehood Social democracy
Total Pan-Green
65 / 113
5 / 22
290 / 910

Pan-Blue
coalition

泛藍
聯盟
KMT Chinese Nationalist Party[upper-roman 7]
(Kuomintang)
37 / 113
14 / 22
367 / 910
Eric Chu Status quo
1992 Consensus
Reunification under ROC
Conservatism
Chinese nationalism
Tridemism
IDU
NPSU Non-Partisan Solidarity Union[upper-roman 8]
0 / 113
0 / 22
7 / 910
Lin Pin-kuan Unknown Conservative liberalism
PFP People First Party[upper-roman 9]
0 / 113
0 / 22
2 / 910
James Soong Status quo
1992 Consensus
Reunification under ROC
Liberal conservatism
Chinese nationalism
NP New Party[upper-roman 10]
0 / 113
0 / 22
1 / 910
Wu Cherng-dean 1992 Consensus
Chinese unification
Conservatism
Chinese nationalism
LP Labor Party[upper-roman 11]
0 / 113
0 / 22
1 / 910
Wu Rong-yuan Reunification under PRC Socialism
Chinese nationalism
Total Pan-Blue
37 / 113
14 / 22
378 / 910
Other
TPP Taiwan People's Party[upper-roman 12]
5 / 113
2 / 22
14 / 910
Ko Wen-je Status quo Pluralism
Centrism
Zheng Shen Min Party [4][upper-roman 13]
0 / 113
0 / 22
1 / 910
Hsü Jung-Tê

Full list of registered political parties

The following is a full list of registered political parties according to the Ministry of the Interior, by order of registration. Dates indicate date of founding.

List of political parties or organizations in Taiwan
Number Name of Political Party Establishment Date Leader
1Kuomintang (中國國民黨)10 October 1919Chiang Chi-chen (江啟臣)
2Chinese Youth Party (中國青年黨)2 December 1923Wu Wenzhou (吳文舟)
3China Democratic Socialist Party (中國民主社會黨)15 August 1946Yi Bulun (伊步倫)
4Worker's Party of Taiwan (工黨)1 November 1987Zheng Zhaomin (鄭昭明)
5China Democracy Party (中國民主黨)14 August 1988Shen Chaojiang (沈朝江)
6China Democratic Justice Party (中國民主正義黨)25 February 1988Zhang Dazheng (張大政)
7Chinese Republican Party (中華共和黨)9 March 1988Wang Yingqun (汪英群)
8China United Party (中國聯合黨)12 February 1989Wang Jianquan (王健全)
9China New Social Party (中國新社會黨)12 November 1947Chen Jianfu (陳健夫)
10Chinese People's Party (中國民眾黨)21 November 1987Wang Zhongquan (王忠泉)
11China Republican Party (中國中和黨)5 April 1894Zheng Xianglin (鄭祥麟)
12China Integrated Party (中國統一黨)9 March 1988He Maosong (何茂松)
13Integrated Democratic Party (統一民主黨)2 March 1988Sun Shenglian (孫生蓮)
14China Loyalty Party (中國忠義黨)26 March 1989Cui Xiaoyun (崔曉雲)
15Labor Party (勞動黨)29 March 1989Wu Rongyuan (吳榮元)
16Democratic Progressive Party (民主進步黨)28 September 1986Tsai Ing-wen (蔡英文)
17Chinese Younger Youth Party (中華青少黨)26 February 1989Lai Yongqing (賴永清)
18China Old Veterans Unification Party (中國老兵統一黨)12 November 1988Chen Yuzhen (陳玉珍)
19Youth China Party (青年中國黨)2 December 1923Xiong Kai (熊愷)
20Loyalty and Public Interest Party (忠義致公黨)29 March 1989Zhang Jinwei (張晉瑋)
21China Democratic Youth Party (中國民主青年黨)21 March 1953Hong Binlu (洪炳爐)
22China Iron Guard Party (中國鐵衛黨)24 March 1989Fei Jiliang (費季良)
23China Solidarity Party (中國團結黨)21 May 1989Wu Zhiyi (吳志毅)
24China Liberal Democratic Party (中國自由民主黨)2 August 1987Wu Kuncheng (吳崑誠)
25China Revival Party (中國復興黨)30 May 1989Wang Suichun (王水村)
26Great Harmony Party (大同黨)20 May 1989Wang Lianxin (江連興)
27China National Security Party (中國國安黨)4 June 1989Chen Hanlong (陳漢龍)
28China Peace Party (中國和平黨)4 June 1989Zhang Wenyang (張文洋)
29China Democratic Reform Party (中國民主革新黨)13 September 1987Gao Zhaoxiong (高照雄)
30Democratic Freedom Party (民主自由黨)1 January 1989He Weikang (何偉康)
31Democratic Action Party (民主行動黨)1 March 1983Wang Minglong (王明龍)
32China Democratic Constitutional Party (中國民主憲政黨)15 July 1989Chen Shou (陳首)
33China Great Harmony Democratic Party (中國大同民主黨)10 October 1988Chen Hengsheng (陳恒升)
34China Hung Ying Patriotism Party (中國洪英愛國黨)20 July 1989Chen Jianhong (陳建宏)
35Great Justice and Fair Party (大公黨)7 January 1989Lei Yuqi (雷渝齊)
36China Self-Strengthening Party (中國自強黨)7 July 1989Chen Xinfu (陳信夫)
37China Middle and Youth Party (中國中青黨)2 December 1923Yan Nanchang (顏南昌)
38Chinese Orthodox Party (中華正統黨)25 August 1989Feng Yue (馮岳)
39China Democratic Integrated Party (中國民主統一黨)26 September 1989Xie Tiantian (謝天添)
40China All-people National Party (中國全民黨)30 October 1989Liu Bao (劉豹)
41China People's Protection Party (中國保民黨)16 December 1989Zhuang Zhengdong (莊正棟)
42Peasant Party (農民黨)3 February 1989Zhang Mingxian (張銘顯)
43China Justice Advocating Party (中國崇尚正義黨)13 February 1989Liu Haixiang (劉海洋)
44China By The People Party (中國民治黨)3 February 1989Liao Zhixiong (廖志雄)
45China Human Rights Promotion Party (中國人權促進黨)10 October 1989Han Weitian (韓蔚天)
46China Civil Administration Party (中國民政黨)31 March 1990Lu Zhengqiu (呂振球)
47Indigenous People's Party (原民黨)18 March 1990Yisao Ludao (伊掃魯刀)
48Revival Party (中興黨)5 April 1990Li Xitang (李西唐)
49China People Wealth Enrichment Party (中國民富黨)16 April 1990Yu Jinying (于金印)
50Democratic Republic Party (民主共和黨)5 May 1990Yang Wenhua (楊文華)
51Autonomy People's Action Party (自主民行黨)8 May 1990Zheng Chunlin (鄭純霖)
52Chinese National Equal Wealth Party (中華全民均富黨)8 May 1990Zhang Peijiang (張沛江)
53China Great Harmony Socialist Party (中國大同社會黨)11 May 1990Chen Tianfa (陳天發)
54All is Equal Under Heaven Party (天下為公黨)[note 1]12 July 1990Wu Wentou (吳文投)
55China Youth Democratic Party (中國青年民主黨)6 August 1990Chen Jixiong (陳秀雄)
56Truth Party (真理黨)18 September 1990Xiao Zhihong (蕭志宏)
57China Great Harmony Integrated Party (中國大同統一黨)7 October 1990Zhang Naiqiang (張迺強)
58China Binying National Wealth Advancement Party (中國檳英富國黨)5 September 1990Zeng Kuang (曾鑛)
59Chinese Social Democratic Party (中華社會民主黨)1 March 1991Ju Gau-jeng (朱高正)
60New China Democracy Building Party (新中國民主建設黨)25 December 1991Peng Huabu (彭華甫)
61China Liberal Social Party (中國自由社會黨)13 January 1991Huang Handong (黃漢東)
62China Independence Party (中國自立黨)11 May 1991Chen Zhenduan (陳振瑞)
63China National Welfare Party (中國全民福利黨)28 July 1991Di Pingyang (翟平洋)
64China Women Party (中國婦女黨)15 August 1991Wu Xingren (吳心人)
65China Women Democratic Party (中國婦女民主黨)18 August 1991Wu Guiru (吳貴如)
66Non-party National Democratic League (全國民主非政黨聯盟)16 October 1991Ye Xianxiu (葉憲修)
67China People's Action Party (中國人民行動黨)28 September 1991Ma XieLu (馬謝祿)
68Chinese Labor Party (中華勞工黨)25 October 1991Xie Yuzhu (蘇玉柱)
69Nationwide Labor Party (全國勞工黨)1 May 1992Zuo Jingqiu (佐靜秋)
70Chinese Minority Race Justice Party (中華少數民族正義黨)21 June 1992Chen Hongjian (陳弘建)
71Chinese Nationalist Republican Party (中華民族共和黨)2 September 1992Wu Zaisheng (吳再生)
72Chinese Anqing Party (中華安青黨)19 September 1992Wang Zhongsan (王仲三)
73Civil Party (公民黨)7 March 1993Qian Hanqing (錢漢清)
74New Party (新黨)10 August 1993Yok Mu-ming (郁慕明)
75Youth Concordance Progressive Party (青年協和進歩黨)9 August 1994He Naihao (柯乃豪)
76China National Party (中國國家黨)17 July 1995Ren Taiqin (任台慶)
77People's Solidarity Party (人民團結黨)18 September 1995Su Qiuzhen (蘇秋鎮)
78Advance Party (先進黨)1 January 1996Chen Yuxiang (陳裕祥)
79Green Party Taiwan (綠黨)25 January 1996Pan Hansheng (潘翰聲), Liu Lilan (劉麗蘭)
80National Democratic Party (國家民主黨)4 April 1996Huang Jianyuan (黃建源)
81Natural Law Party (自然律黨)22 September 1996Huang Rongsun (陳榮順)
82Taiwan Independence Party (建國黨)6 October 1996Wu Jingxiang (吳景祥)
83Chinese New People Party (中華新民黨)18 May 1997Gong Chunsheng (龔春生)
84Social Reform Party (社會改革黨)19 July 1997Xu Yunde (徐運德)
85Democratic Alliance (民主聯盟)24 June 1998Xu Chengkun (徐成焜)
86New Nation Connection (新國家連線)18 September 1998Peng Pai-hsien (彭百顯)
87Taiwan Democratic Party (台灣民主黨)20 December 1998Lin Yuyin (林玉印)
88China Tiantong Party (中國天同黨)18 April 1998Shao Boxiang (邵伯祥)
89Zhongshan Party (中山黨)12 November 1999Lu Xuewei (呂學偉)
90People First Party (親民黨)31 March 2000Soong Chu-yu (宋楚瑜)
91China Republic Democratic Party (中國共和民主黨)12 March 2000Lin Xiong (林雄)
92Greater China Unification Front (大中華統一陣線)7 July 2000Wang Zhaozeng (王昭增)
93New China Unification Promotion Party (新中國統一促進黨)13 August 2000Chen Mingxiong (陳明雄)
94Taiwan Intelligence Action Volunteers Party (台灣慧行志工黨)12 December 2000Lin Chengcai (林呈財)
95For Public Good Party (中華民族致公黨)18 December 2000
96Taiwan Solidarity Union (台灣團結聯盟)12 August 2001Liu Yi-te (劉一德)
97Taiwan Ethnic Integration Alliance (台灣族群統一連盟)17 August 2001
98Taiwan Number One Party (台灣吾黨)21 September 2001Wei Jizhu (魏吉助)
99China-Taiwan Public Interest Party (中國台灣致公黨)21 April 2002Wang Ruisheng (王瑞陞)
100People's Wealth Enrichment Party (富民黨)4 May 2002Liao Wenzhi (廖文志)
101China Democratic Call Party (中國喚民黨)29 March 2003Wan Qingui (萬慶貴)
102Taiwan Democratic Worker's Party (台灣民主工黨)27 April 2003Xie Zhengyi (謝正一)
103National Loyalty Party (全民忠義黨)27 July 2003Yang Zhangchao (楊掌朝)
104World Peace Party (世界和平黨)13 March 2004Lin Jinsong (林景松)
105Civil Service Alliance (工教聯盟)21 March 2004Lin Qiaofeng (林樵鋒)
107People's Right Progressive Party (民生權利進歩黨)3 April 2004Chen Jianzhou (陳建州)
108Non-Partisan Solidarity Union (無黨團結聯盟)15 June 2004Lin Pin-kuan (林炳坤)
109Dignity Party (尊嚴黨)20 June 2004Zeng Wenda (曾穩達)
110Republic of China Free Party (中華民國自由自在黨)8 June 2004Cai Mingda (蔡明達)
111Chinese Defense League (保衛中華大同盟)12 March 2005Lin Zhengjie (林正杰)
112Taiwan Defense Alliance (保衛台灣大聯盟)1 August 2004Yang Xudong (楊緒東)
111Taiwanese People's Action Alliance (台灣人民行動聯盟)23 July 2005Huang Wenzhang (黃文章)
113Chinese Universal Love Public Interest Party (中華博愛致公黨)12 August 2005Jin Lianci (金念慈)
114Chinese Unification Promotion Party (中華統一促進黨)12 August 2006Zhang Futang (張馥堂)
115China Democratic Progressive Party (中國民主進歩黨)16 October 2005Zhou Qinjun (周慶峻)
116New Taiwan Party (新台灣黨)4 July 2004Chen Sanxing (陳三興)
117Taiwan Independence Alliance (台灣建國聯盟)10 December 2005Wu Qing (吳清)
118Taiwan Party (台灣黨)17 July 2004Huang Suimu (黃水木)
119Help the Weak Alliance (濟弱扶傾聯盟)12 April 2006Huang Qizhi (黃啟埴)
120Taiwan Life Party (台灣生活黨)15 July 2006Kang Weirang (康惟壤)
121Non-Partisan Solidarity Union (黨外團團結聯盟)1 September 2006Zhang Xinsong (張幸松)
122Hakka Party (客家黨)14 October 2006Wen Jinquan (溫錦泉)
123Independent Non-partisan National League (全民廉政無黨連盟)9 September 2006Wang Chunyuan (王春源)
124Taiwan New Hakka Party (台灣新客家黨)11 February 2007Gu Wenfa (古文發)
125Taiwan Civil Action Party (台灣平民行動黨)4 March 2007Chen Zhuxian (陳祖賢)
126National Health Alliance (全民健康聯盟)23 March 2007Wu Nanhe (吳南河)
127Liberal Worker's Party (自由工黨)1 May 2007Wu Quanhong (吳權鴻)
128Taiwan Nationalist Party (台灣國民黨)27 May 2007Liao Guoan (廖國安)
129Taiwanese Farmers' Party (台灣農民黨)15 June 2007Xie Yonghui (謝永輝)
130Taiwan Civil Democratic Party (台灣平民民主黨)6 June 2007Lin Zhisheng (林志昇)
131Third Society Party (第三社會黨)15 July 2007Zou Yicheng (周奕成)
132Chinese Reform Party (中華革興黨)30 June 2007Kang Chenming (康陳銘)
133Save The World And Mercy Party (大道慈悲濟世黨)22 September 2007Wang Chongren (王崇任)
134Home Party (紅黨)14 October 2007Yao Liming (姚立明)
135Taiwan Constitution Association (制憲聯盟)8 November 2007Huang Qianming (黃千明)
136Democratic Peace Party (民主和平黨)18 November 2007Zeng Zekun (曾澤崑)
137Taiwan Democratic Republican Party (台灣民主共和黨)24 November 2007Zhou Zhenjian (周振堅)
138World Peace Neutral Party (世界和平中立黨)9 December 2007Wang Kefu (王可富)
139Taiwan National Party (台灣國家黨)26 April 2008Sun Zhengxiong (孫政雄)
130Party of Native Citizens (本土公民黨)26 April 2008Zeng Hanhuang (曾瀚篁)
141Health Party of the Republic of China (中華民生黨)24 May 2008Yi Daifu (尹載福)
142Taiwan Communist Party (台灣共產黨)20 July 2008Wang Laoyang (王老養)
143World Labor Party (世界勞工黨)1 November 2008Wang Chunzhang (王春長)
144China Family Party (中華民族黨)8 November 2008Chen Buqing (程步青)
145Broadcasting and Telecommunications Alliance Party (廣播電訊聯盟黨)29 November 2008Xu Jianchang (許見菖)
146Radio Party of the Republic of China (中華民國廣播黨)27 December 2008Hong Minhui (洪明輝)
147Cross-Strait Peace Alliance Party (海峽兩岸和平大聯盟黨)1 March 2009Jian Binghong (簡炳洪)
148Communist Party of the Republic of China (中華民國共產黨)31 March 2009Lu Baoyao (呂寶堯)
149Rites and Constitution Party (禮憲黨)23 May 2009Lan Shibo (藍世博)
150Taiwanese Party of the People (台灣民生黨)23 June 2009Lai Jixiong (賴継雄)
151Filial Piety Party (孝道黨)11 July 2009Huang Kelin (黃克林)
152Chinese Women's Party (中華婦女黨)3 August 2009Tu Minghui (涂明慧)
153China Communist Alliance (中國共產聯盟)28 August 2009Shi Fengyang (施鋒陽)
154People are the Greatest Party (全民最大黨)1 October 2009Xu Rongshu (許榮淑)
155Eastern Red Party (東方紅黨)1 October 2009Lin Yuansheng (林原陞)
156Formosa Independence Rights Party (福爾摩沙法理建國黨)6 September 2009Cheng Zhongmo (城仲模)
157People's Party (人民黨)4 October 2009Lin Feng (林豐)
158Taiwan Democratic Communist Party (臺灣民主共產黨)1 October 2009Chen Tianfu (陳天福)
159White Party (白黨)31 October 2009Nian Dingshan (粘丁山)
160Phoenix Party (鳳凰黨)27 December 2009Hong Meizhen (洪美珍)
161Taiwan Welfare Party (台灣福利黨)5 February 2010Chen Yongsong (陳永松)
162Chinese Tiantong Party (中華天同黨)20 February 2010Lu Baoyao (呂寶堯)
163Chinese Hakka Party (中華客家黨)27 February 2010Liu Bingsong (劉秉菘)
164Greater China Plum Flower Party (大中華梅花黨)5 March 2010Huang Yuru (黃玉如)
165Chinese Production Party (中華生產黨)28 February 2010Lu Yuexiang (盧月香)
166Chinese Elite Party (中華精英黨)21 March 2010Wu Chenzhi (吳誠致)
167Taiwan Ideology Party (台灣主義黨)3 March 2010Jiang Suilang (姜水浪)
168China Hung Meng Public Interest Party (中國洪門致公黨)21 May 2010Xiao Yuanbao (蕭圓寶)
169Taiwan Our Party (台灣我們的黨)13 June 2010Liu Maochuan (柳茂川)
170Great Tao People's Party (大道人民黨)13 June 2010Chen Cuirong (陳翠容)
171Taiwan Public Opinion Party (台灣民意黨)22 August 2010Huang Tianchen (黃天辰)
172Taiwan Democratic Movement Party (台灣民主運動黨)26 August 2010Lin Fenglong (林豐隆)
173Taiwan Small Farmer's Party (台灣小農黨)5 September 2010Fu Zexiong (傅澤雄)
174Chinese Home-Nation Party (中華家國黨)19 September 2010Mei feng (梅峰)
175China Social Party (中國社會黨)12 September 2010Zhou Jiezhi (周杰之)
176China Construction Party (中華建設黨)5 December 2010Wang Geqi (王格琦)
177Round Party (圓黨)26 December 2010Wen Chengxian (溫程顯)
178Chinese Reform Party (中華維新黨)5 December 2010Chen Kunneng (陳坤能)
179Voices of the Chinese Party (華聲黨)17 October 2010Liu Min (劉敏(台灣)
180Third Forces Coalition (第三勢力聯盟)12 January 2011Sun Xiumu (孫修睦)
181Taiwan Golden Party (臺灣黃金黨)13 January 2011Chi Zhengeng (池鎮庚)
182Political Issues Alliance (政治議題聯盟)27 February 2011Zhou Congtang (周琮棠)
183Global Hakka Party (世界客屬黨)12 March 2011Wu Quanshu (吳權塾)
184China Green Lotus Party (中國青蓮黨)15 March 2011He Junyuan (何俊元)
185Chinese Culture Party (中華文化黨)17 March 2012Lin Zhongshan (林忠山)
186New Power Party (時代力量)25 January 2015Hsu Yung-ming (徐永明)
187Social Democratic Party (社會民主黨)29 March 2015Ting Yung-yan (丁勇言)
188Free Taiwan Party (自由台灣黨)1 May 2015Tsay Ting-kuei (蔡丁貴)
189Taiwan Statebuilding Party (台灣基進)15 May 2015Chen Yi-chi (陳奕齊)
190Formosa Alliance (喜樂島聯盟)7 April 2018Lo Jen-Kuei (羅仁貴)
191Sovereign State for Formosa and Pescadores Party (台、澎國際法法理建國黨)30 June 2019Cheng Tzu-tsai (鄭自才)
192Taiwan People's Party (台灣民眾黨)6 August 2019Ko Wen-je (柯文哲)
193Taiwan Action Party Alliance (一邊一國行動黨)18 August 2019Yang Chyi-wen (楊其文)
194Taiwan Renewal Party (台灣維新黨)24 August 2019Su Huan-chih (蘇煥智)

Historical parties

Taiwan under Japanese rule

Political party movements in Taiwan started in the late 1910s after World War I, during the Taishō period (Taishō Democracy). Taiwanese political movements at this time were to modify the discriminatory colonial laws established in earlier years, and to setup local autonomy systems like in Mainland Japan. The largest political movement at this time was the Petition Movement for the Establishment of a Taiwanese Parliament. At the same time, the International Communist Movement also influenced Taiwan, many Left-wing parties and organizations were also established.

Notable Taiwanese parties during this time are:

  • Taiwan Dōkakai (臺灣同化會, Taiwanese Hokkien: Tâi-oân Tông-hòa-hōe, Japanese: Taiwan Dōkakai)
  • New People Society (新民會, Taiwanese Hokkien: Sin-bîn-hōe, Japanese: Shinminkai)
  • Taiwanese Cultural Association (臺灣文化協會, Taiwanese Hokkien: Tâi-oân Bûn-hòa Hia̍p-hōe, Japanese: Taiwan Bunka Kyōkai)
  • Taiwanese Federation of Workers' Unions (臺灣工友總聯盟, Taiwanese Hokkien: Tâi-oân Kang-iú Chóng Liân-bêng, Japanese: Taiwan Kōyū Sōrenmei)
  • Taiwanese Peasants Union (臺灣農民組合, Taiwanese Hokkien: Tâi-oân Lông-bîn Cho͘-ha̍p, Japanese: Taiwan Nōmin Kumiai)
  • Taiwanese Communist Party (臺灣共產黨, Taiwanese Hokkien: Tâi-oân Kiōng-sán Tóng, Japanese: Taiwan Kyōsan-tō)
  • Taiwanese People's Party (臺灣民眾黨, Taiwanese Hokkien: Tâi-oân Bîn-chiòng Tóng, Japanese: Taiwan Minshu-tō)
  • Taiwan Local Autonomy Union (臺灣地方自治聯盟, Taiwanese Hokkien: Tâi-oân Tē-hng Chū-tī Liân-bêng, Japanese: Taiwan Tihō-jiti Renmei)

At the same time, the political parties in Mainland Japan also affected Taiwan. Those who served as Governor-General of Taiwan were also members of the House of Peers of the Imperial Diet (帝国議会). Party affiliations of the Governor-Generals were:

In the late 1930s, the Empire of Japan joined the Second World War. To prepare for the Pacific War, all political parties in Mainland Japan were merged into a single organization

with its Taiwanese branch

  • Kōmin Hōkōkai (皇民奉公會, Taiwanese Hokkien: Hông-bîn Hōng-kong-hōe, Japanese: Kōmin Hōkōkai)

was the only legal political party-like organization in Taiwan until the end of World War II.

Taiwan under the Republic of China

Taiwan was ceded back to the Republic of China, founded in 1912 on the mainland, on 25 October 1945. From 1945 until 1949, political parties in China which had operated covertly under Japanese rule were permitted to operate in Taiwan province. The ruling Kuomintang set up formal branches in Taiwan, and so did other major political parties including the Chinese Communist Party (in 1946). Although it had no formal connection with the Taiwanese Communist Party suppressed by Japanese authorities in the 1930s (which was instead affiliated with the Communist Party of Japan), the Taiwan branch of the Chinese Communist Party absorbed many former members of the Taiwanese Communist Party. However, against the backdrop of the Chinese Civil War which erupted soon after the retrocession of Taiwan, the Kuomintang-controlled Republic of China government attempted to restrict the operation of Chinese Communist Party cells in Taiwan, and other opposition parties.

With the Republic of China government rapidly losing the Chinese Civil War against the Chinese Communist Party, the ruling Kuomintang began preparing to move the government to Taiwan in 1949. Taiwan was placed under martial law from 19 May 1949 to 15 July 1987. The Taiwan provincial branch of the Chinese Communist Party was particularly targeted, and by 1952 had been completely destroyed.

During this time, all forms of opposition were forbidden by the government, only three political parties that retreated to Taiwan were allowed to participate the elections.

All other oppositions who were not allowed not form a political party could only be listed as "independent candidate". These movements were called Tangwai movement (黨外, literally outside of Kuomintang). A notable exception in this era was

It was established "illegally" on 28 September 1986, then was legalized in the next year by the lifting of the martial law.

As Taiwan democratized in the late 1980s, the number of legally registered political parties in Taiwan had increased exponentially and continued to increase year by year, indicating a liberal democracy and high political freedom in Taiwan.

Number of registered political parties by year
Year 199019921994199619982000200220042006200820102012201420162017 2018
No. parties 60727582879499110122145177234264310334 220

In recent decades, Taiwan's political campaigns can be classified to two ideological blocs

The majority in both coalitions state a desire to maintain the status quo for now. Many minor parties in Taiwan are unaligned with either coalition.

On 6 December 2017, the Political Parties Act (政黨法) was enforced. The Act requires the political parties to maintain a number of compliance, including

By the end of 2018, among the 343 existing political party declarations: 220 have met the new compliance, 56 chose to dissolve or transformed to a national political association.

See also

Notes

  1. named after the vision 天下為公 (about the Great Unity) in the Book of Rites
  2. KMT's prior body was Revive China Society (興中會; xīngzhōnghuì), founded on 24 November 1894. It officially renamed itself as China Nationalist Party (中國國民黨) in 1919.
  3. The prior body of China Democratic Socialist Party (中國民主社會黨) was China National Socialist Party (中國國家社會黨), which was founded on 16 April 1932. It renamed itself as China Democratic Socialist Party (中國民主社會黨) on 15 August 1946.

Words in native languages

References

  1. Chen, Chun-hua; Liu, Kuan-lin (10 November 2017). "Legislature passes Political Party Act". Central News Agency. Retrieved 18 November 2019.
  2. Ku, Chuan; Kao, Evelyn (17 November 2019). "46 groups yet to transition to political parties as required by law". Central News Agency. Retrieved 18 November 2019. Republished as: "2020 ELECTIONS: MOI says 46 political groups have yet to make shift". Taipei Times. 19 November 2019. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  3. "MOI releases party name information". Taipei Times. 7 February 2011. Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  4. "正神名黨組織章程" (PDF). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
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