List of stutterers

Stuttering (alalia syllabaris), also known as stammering (alalia literalis or anarthria literalis), is a speech disorder in which the flow of speech is disrupted by involuntary repetitions and prolongations of sounds, syllables, words or phrases, and involuntary silent pauses or blocks during which the person who stutters is unable to produce sounds.[1] The exact etiology of stuttering is unknown; both genetics and neurophysiology are thought to contribute.[2] There are many treatments and speech-language pathology techniques available that may help increase fluency in some people who stutter to the point where an untrained ear cannot perceive stuttering; however, there is essentially no cure for the disorder at present.[3][4]

Man in robes with long brown hair against a background of waves reaching the shore
Greek orator Demosthenes practicing oratory at the beach with pebbles in his mouth

People who stutter include British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, orator Demosthenes, King George VI, actor James Earl Jones, US President Joe Biden, and country singer Mel Tillis. Churchill, whose stutter was particularly apparent to 1920s writers,[5] was one of the 30% of people who stutter who have an associated speech disorder—a lisp in his case—and led his nation through World War II.[6][7] Demosthenes stammered and was inarticulate as a youth, and, through dedicated practice using methods such as placing pebbles in his mouth, became a great orator of Ancient Greece.[8] King George VI hired speech therapist Lionel Logue to enable him to speak more easily to his Empire, and Logue effectively helped him accomplish this goal.[9] This training and its results are the focus of the 2010 film The King's Speech.[10] James Earl Jones has stated he was mute for many years of his youth, and he became an actor noted for the power of his voice.[11][12] Mel Tillis stutters when talking but not when singing.[13] Many people had their speech impairment only during childhood.[14]

Actors
Man looking at the camera
Actor James Earl Jones in 2013
Emily at the premiere of Edge of Tomorrow
Emily Blunt in 2014
Man in suit with left hand in pocket facing left
German silent film actor Bruno Kastner circa 1920
Woman in hot pink dress dancing and singing with both arms raised
Actress Marilyn Monroe in 1953's Gentlemen Prefer Blondes
Actors with stutters
Name Lifetime Comments Reference(s)
Rowan Atkinson 1955–present English comedian, screenwriter, and actor who incorporates his stuttering into his work by using over-articulation to overcome problematic consonants [15][16]
Emily Blunt 1983–present English actress who won a Golden Globe Award in 2007 [17]
Peter Bonerz 1938–present American actor and producer who played Jerry the orthodontist on The Bob Newhart Show [18]
Nicholas Brendon 1971–present American actor who serves with the Stuttering Foundation of America [19]
Jaik Campbell 1973–present British comedian who won British Stammering Association Writing Award in 2006 [20][21]
Hugh Grant 1960–present English actor who won a BAFTA and a Golden Globe Award in 1995 [22]
Steve Harvey 1957–present American television and radio presenter, actor, author, businessman, and former stand–up comedian. [23]
Dieter Thomas Heck 1937–2018 German actor and TV producer; started stuttering after being trapped under a staircase after a bombing raid in World War II [24][25]
James Earl Jones 1931–present American actor who overcame stuttering to become noted for his powerful voice [11][22][26]
Samuel L. Jackson 1948–present American actor who has appeared in over 100 films; active in Civil Rights Movement [22]
Javivi 1961–present Spanish actor who has appeared in films and TV series, usually in comical roles [27]
Bruno Kastner 1890–1932 German film actor and producer; committed suicide with the advent of sound films because of his speech impairment [28]
Harvey Keitel 1939–present American stage and movie actor [29]
Nicole Kidman 1967–present Australian actress and film producer [30]
Daniel Kitson 1977–present English comedian winner of the Perrier Comedy Award in 2002 [22][31]
Peggy Lipton 1946–2019 American actress who played "Julie Barnes" on The Mod Squad [29]
Drew Lynch 1991–present American comedian who often uses his stutter as the punchline of his jokes; brother of Stephen Lynch and Season 10 runner-up on America's Got Talent [32]
John Melendez 1965–present American radio personality known as "Stuttering John" [33]
Ezra Miller 1992–present American actor [34]
Marilyn Monroe 1926–1962 American actress, singer, model, and sex symbol; Golden Globe Award nominee in 1956 [22][26]
Sam Neill 1947–present New Zealand actor [35]
Austin Pendleton 1940–present American actor, playwright, theatrical director, and instructor [18]
Rosie Perez 1964–present Puerto Rican-American actress [36]
Anthony Quinn 1915–2001 Mexican-American actor, painter, and writer [29]
Hrithik Roshan 1974–present Indian Bollywood actor who won numerous Best Actor awards [29][37]
Eric Roberts 1956–present American actor, Golden Globe Award nominee in 1978; brother of actress Julia Roberts [29]
Julia Roberts 1967–present One of the highest paid American actresses in terms of box office receipts; sister of actor Eric Roberts [29][38]
Tom Sizemore 1961–2023 American actor and producer [29]
Cole Sprouse 1992–present American actor, twin of Dylan Sprouse [29][39]
James Stewart 1908–1997 American film and stage actor whose stutter was a signature trait of his work [40][41][42][43]
Bruce Willis 1955–present American actor, producer, and musician [22]

Athletes
Man in a Harlem Globetrotters uniform is on one knee and holding a basketball.
Basketball player Wilt Chamberlain in 1959 while a Harlem Globetrotter
Woman in peak cap and sunglasses is wearing a red T-shirt.
Golfer Sophie Gustafson in 2008
Athletes with stutters
Name Lifetime Comments Reference(s)
Kelly Brown 1982–present Scottish rugby union player [44]
Rubin Carter 1937–2014 American boxer known as "The Hurricane" [18]
Wilt Chamberlain 1936–1999 American basketball player, holds numerous official NBA all-time records [45]
Johnny Damon 1973–present American baseball outfielder [46]
Sophie Gustafson 1973–present Swedish golfer [18]
Ron Harper 1964–present American basketball player [18]
Lester Hayes 1955–present American football cornerback [47]
Ben Johnson 1961–present Canadian sprinter [18]
Bo Jackson 1962–present American baseball and football player, 1985 Heisman Trophy winner [48]
Tommy John 1943–present American baseball pitcher [18]
Ivo Karlović 1979–present Croatian tennis player [49]
Michael Kidd-Gilchrist 1993–present American basketball player [50]
Ellis Lankster 1987–present American football cornerback [51]
Greg Louganis 1960–present American diver [18]
Bob Love 1942–present American basketball player [52]
Junior Ortiz 1959–present Puerto Rican baseball player [53][54]
Kenyon Martin 1977–present American basketball player [18]
Kenndal McArdle 1987–present Canadian hockey player [18]
Adrian N. Peterson 1979–present American football running back [18]
Wilfredo Rivera 1969–present Puerto Rican boxer [18]
Michael Spinks 1956–present American boxer who was a world champion in the light-heavyweight and heavyweight divisions (1981–1988) [18]
George Springer 1989–present American baseball outfielder [55]
Darren Sproles 1983–present American football running back [56]
Jake Steinfeld 1958–present American actor and fitness personality who had a fitness line "Body by Jake" and TV show called Body by Jake [57]
Duane Thomas 1947–present American football running back [18]
Dave Taylor 1955–present American ice hockey player [18]
Ken Venturi 1931–2013 American golfer and golf broadcaster [58]
Bill Walton 1952–present American Basketball Hall of Famer [59]
Tiger Woods 1975–present American golfer, formerly ranked World No. 1 (2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009) [60]
James Rodríguez 1991–present Colombian soccer player [61]

Politicians
Churchill is wearing his trademark overcoat and top hat.
Prime Minister Winston Churchill in 1942
Biden standing with US flags behind him
President Joe Biden in 2021
Politicians with stutters
Name Lifetime Comments Reference(s)
Ed Balls 1967–present British Labour politician; former Member of Parliament (2005–2015) [62]
Antonio Bassolino 1947–present Mayor of Naples (1994–1998); President of Campania (2000–2010); member of Italian Communist Party [18]
Joe Biden 1942–present United States Senator from Delaware (1973–2009), 47th Vice President of the United States (2009–2017), 46th President of the United States (2021–present) [18][63][64]
Winston Churchill 1874–1965 Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1940–1945, 1951–1955); Nobel Prize in Literature recipient in 1953 [22][26]
Claudius 10 BC – 54 AD Emperor of Rome (41–54), exaggerated his ailment in youth amid fratricidal dynastic conflicts [65][66]
Demosthenes 384 – 322 BC Ancient Greek orator and politician [8]
Proinsias De Rossa 1940–present Irish Labour Party politician; Member of the European Parliament (1989–1992, 1999–) [67]
Eduardo de Pedro 1976–present Argentine Peronist politician; Minister of the Interior (2019–) [68]
Thomas Kean 1935–present American politician, 48th Governor of New Jersey (1982–1990) [69]
Joacine Katar Moreira 1982–present Portuguese politician, Member of the Assembly of the Republic (2019–) [70]
E. M. S. Namboodiripad 1909–1998 Indian communist politician; Chief Minister of Kerala (1957–1959, 1967–1969) [71]
Matti Vanhanen 1955–present Prime Minister of Finland (2003–2010) [72]

Musicians
Black man singing
Blues guitarist John Lee Hooker
Man in white slacks and black jacket standing singing on stage
Country singer Mel Tillis in 2007 at the Grand Ole Opry
Singers and musicians with stutters
Name Lifetime Comments Reference(s)
Marc Almond 1957–present English singer and songwriter [73]
Sean Dunphy 1937–2011 Irish singer, who represented Ireland at the 1967 Eurovision song contest [74]
Noel Gallagher 1967–present English singer, guitarist, and vocalist [75]
Gareth Gates 1984–present English singer and songwriter [76]
John Lee Hooker 1912–2001 American blues guitarist [77]
Scatman John 1942–1999 American scat singer [78]
Jim Kerr 1959–present Scottish singer and songwriter [22]
Alvin Lucier 1931–2021 American music professor and composer of experimental music [18]
Chris Martin 1977–present English singer, songwriter, and guitarist [22]
Kylie Minogue 1968–present Australian singer, songwriter, and actress [22]
Peter Murphy 1957–present English singer, songwriter, and actor [79]
Notker the Stammerer c. 840 – 912 Frankish composer, poet and scholar [80]
Ozzy Osbourne 1948–present English singer, songwriter and television personality [81]
Elvis Presley 1935–1977 American rock and roll singer [26]
Carly Simon 1945–present American singer, songwriter, musician, and children's author; recipient of two Grammy Awards, an Academy Award, and a Golden Globe Award; member of Grammy Hall of Fame [18][82]
Rory Storm 1938–1972 English musician and vocalist [83]
Mel Tillis 1932–2017 American country singer, spokesman and honorary chairman of the Stuttering Foundation of America in 1998 [13][84]
Chris Trapper 1971–present American musician [18]
Bill Withers 1938–2020 American singer, songwriter, and musician [18][85][86]
Megan Washington 1986–present Australian singer, songwriter and musician [87]

Writers
Man with moustache standing in suit
Writer W. Somerset Maugham in 1934
Man with moustache standing in suit and facing right
Writer Machado de Assis circa 1896
Writers with stutters
Name Lifetime Comments Reference(s)
Arnold Bennett 1867–1931 English journalist and novelist [18]
Michael Bentine 1922–1996 British comedian, script-writer, and reader of children's books [18]
Elizabeth Bowen 1899–1973 Irish novelist and short story writer [18]
Lewis Carroll 1832–1898 English author, mathematician, logician, Anglican deacon and photographer [22][26]
Jim Davis 1945–present American cartoonist [88]
Machado de Assis 1838–1908 Brazilian novelist, short story writer, poet, and literary critic [89]
Margaret Drabble 1939–present English novelist, biographer, and literary critic [90]
Han, FeiHan Fei 280 BC – 233 BC Chinese philosopher and writer [18]
Edward Hoagland 1932–present American nature and travel writer [91]
Henry James 1843–1916 American-born writer and critic who spent most of his life in England [18]
Dylan Jones 1960–present British journalist and editor [92][93]
Somerset Maugham 1874–1965 English novelist, playwright, and short story writer [22][26]
Michael McCurdy 1942–present American illustrator, author, and publisher [18]
David Mitchell 1969–present English novelist [94]
John Montague 1929–2016 Irish poet [18]
Budd Schulberg 1914–2009 American screenwriter, television producer, novelist and sports writer [18]
David Seidler 1937–present British screenwriter; BAFTA and Academy Award-winning writer of The King's Speech [95]
David Shields 1956–present American writer of fiction and nonfiction [18]
Nevil Shute 1899–1960 British novelist and aeronautical engineer [18]
Peter Straub 1943–2022 American author and poet [18]
Kenneth Tynan 1927–1980 English theater critic and writer [18]
John Updike 1932–2009 American novelist, poet, short story writer, art critic, and literary critic [22]

Others
Charles Darwin
Man standing in royal regalia
King George VI of the United Kingdom circa 1940–1946
Man in beige shirt standing and talking, with finger pointed
Zoologist Alan Rabinowitz
Woodcut of man facing left with cloth hat and robe
Mathematician Niccolò Tartaglia later in life
Other people with stutters
Name Lifetime Comments Reference(s)
Deng Ai 197–264 Three Kingdoms period general, Grand Commandant [96]
Prince Albert II 1958–present Prince of Monaco [18][63]
Terry Allen 1888–1969 United States Army Major General during World War II [97]
Walter Annenberg 1908–2002 Publisher, philanthropist, and diplomat [98]
Aristotle 384 BC – 322 BC Greek philosopher and writer [22][26]
Homer Bigart 1907–1991 American newspaper reporter who won two Pulitzer Prizes for combat reporting—one each during World War II and the Korean War [99]
Howard Bingham 1939–2016 American photographer and biographer of Muhammad Ali [18]
Arthur Blank 1942–present American businessman, co-founder of The Home Depot and owner of the National Football League's Atlanta Falcons [18]
Charles Sidney Bluemel 1884–1960 British-American psychiatrist; researcher on stuttering [100]
Patrick Campbell 1913–1980 3rd Baron Glenavy, Irish-born British journalist, humorist and television personality [18]
Lord Carver 1915–2001 British Field Marshal, tank commander in World War II; Chief of the Defence Staff [101]
Lord David Cecil 1902–1986 British biographer, historian and professor [18]
King Charles I 1600–1649 King of England (1625–1649) [102]
Charles Darwin 1809–1882 English naturalist [29]
Harley Earl 1893–1969 American car designer, first vice president of design at General Motors [18]
Jake Eberts 1941–2012 Canadian movie producer, director, and financier [103]
King Francis I 1494–1547 King of France (1515–1547) [104]
Malcolm Fraser 1903–1994 American philanthropist and businessman [105][106]
Philip French 1933–2015 Film critic and BBC radio producer [107]
King George VI 1895–1952 King of the United Kingdom [22]
Annie Glenn 1920–2020 Wife of astronaut and United States Senator John Glenn; She was inducted into the National Stuttering Association Hall of Fame. [108][109]
Sidney Gottlieb 1918–1999 American chemist who worked with the Central Intelligence Agency [18]
Vernon Hill 1945–present American banker [18]
King James II 1633–1701 King of England (1685–1688) [110]
Wendell Johnson 1906–1965 American psychologist, stutter research [111]
King Louis the Stammerer 846–879 King of Aquitaine and West Francia [112]
Emperor Michael II 770–829 Byzantine emperor, founder of the Amorian (Phrygian) dynasty [113]
Adam Michnik 1946–present Polish editor, historian, essayist, and political commentator [18]
Isaac Newton 1642–1727 English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian [22]
Bruce Oldfield 1950–present British fashion designer [18]
Jerzy Owsiak 1953–present Polish journalist, social campaigner [114]
King Peter I 1320–1367 King of Portugal (1357–1367) [115]
Alan Rabinowitz 1953–2018 American zoologist, conservationist, field biologist, and President and CEO of Panthera [18][116]
Alfred Rehder 1863–1949 German-American botanist, Harvard professor [22]
John Stossel 1947–present American consumer reporter, investigative journalist, author, and libertarian columnist [117]
Niccolò Fontana Tartaglia 1499–1557 Italian mathematician, engineer, and surveyor [18]
Alan Turing 1912–1954 British mathematician [118]
Charles Van Riper 1905–1994 speech pathologist [111]
Jack Welch 1935–2020 American chemical engineer, businessman, and author [18]
Ludwig Wittgenstein 1889–1951 Austrian philosopher [22]

References
  1. "ICD-10 F95.8 – Stuttering". World Health Organization. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  2. Gordon, N. (2002). "Stuttering: incidence and causes". Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 44 (4): 278–281. doi:10.1017/S0012162201002067. PMID 11995897.
  3. Prasse, Jane E.; Kikano, George E. (2008). "Stuttering: An Overview". American Family Physician. 77 (9): 1271–1276. PMID 18540491. Retrieved from Academic Research Library database, (Document ID: 1468009541).
  4. "Therapy Outcomes". Stuttering Foundation. 6 May 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  5. "Winston Churchill, Stutterer". University of Toronto. Archived from the original on 13 January 2012. Retrieved 28 January 2012.
  6. "Experts Agree That Churchill Did Stutter". Stuttering Foundation. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
  7. Mather, M.D., John. "Churchill's speech impediment was stuttering". Winston Churchill.org. Archived from the original on 4 August 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
  8. "Demosthenes". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2002.
  9. Rhodes James, Robert (1998). A Spirit Undaunted: The Political Role of George VI. London: Little, Brown, and Co. p. 98. ISBN 0-316-64765-9.
  10. Reed, Rex (22 November 2010). "Did I Stutter? The King's Speech Is the Best Movie of the Year". New York Observer. London. Archived from the original on 25 November 2010. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
  11. James Earl Jones (29 June 1996). "The Voice of Triumph" (Interview: Audio/Transcript). Interviewed by The American Academy of Achievement for the National Medal of Arts. Sun Valley, Idaho. Archived from the original on 6 September 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2011.
  12. Flint Marx, Rebecca. "James Earl Jones Biography". All Movie Guide. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
  13. "Stammering Therapy -Does Analyzing Help Or Does It Make Stuttering Worse?". Stop Stuttering. 24 March 2010. Archived from the original on 30 April 2010. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
  14. "Stuttering". National Institutes of Health – National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. Archived from the original on 6 August 2011. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
  15. Raphael, Amy (30 March 2003). "Fears of a clown". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  16. "10 Questions for Rowan Atkinson". Time. 23 August 2007. Archived from the original on 25 August 2007. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  17. "Movie Star Talks about Stuttering". Stuttering Foundation. 15 July 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  18. "Famous People Who Stutter". Minnesota State University – Mankato. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  19. Reed Moran, W. (15 May 2001). "Nicholas Brendon faces down stuttering demon". USA Today. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  20. "Jaik Campbell: L-L-Lost for Words – My Life with a Stutter – Free". Broadway Baby. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  21. "I've started, so I'll finish..." BBC. 23 July 2009. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  22. Trubo, Richard (2001). The New Book of Knowledge – Health and Medicine. New York: Grolier. pp. 112–123. ISBN 0-7172-0608-4. Note: This annual was also published under the title The 2001 World Book Health & Medical Annual, United States of America: 2001 World Book, Inc.
  23. "Steve Harvey". Stuttering Foundation: A Nonprofit Organization Helping Those Who Stutter. 29 September 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
  24. "Der Parade-Deutsche". Der Spiegel (8): 78. 1995.
  25. Zylka, Jenni (11 December 2011). "Dieter Thomas Heck: "Zigarette und Bierglas, zack. Das war schon heavy"". Der Spiegel (in German) (8). Retrieved 5 February 2011.
  26. Braunstein, M.D., Glenn D. (28 February 2011). "Understanding Stuttering". The Huffington Post. London. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
  27. "Javivi: Me gustaría presentar un concurso y hacerlo divertido" (in Spanish). Europa Press. 10 August 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2012.
  28. Staedeli, Thomas. "Bruno Kastner". Cyranos. Archived from the original on 18 April 2011. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
  29. "Famous People Who Stutter". Stuttering Foundation. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  30. "Nicole Kidman – a brief profile of high ability and complexity". Talentdevelop.com. Retrieved 19 July 2016.
  31. "31 Years of Discovering Comedy Genius". Fosters Edinburgh Comedy. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  32. "Drew Lynch Reflects on "America's Got Talent" Success". WTHR. 27 August 2015. Archived from the original on 20 November 2015. Retrieved 19 November 2015.
  33. "Just Asking: H-h-h-here's Johnny!". Entertainment Weekly. 16 July 1993. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  34. Shana Naomi Krochmal (15 August 2012). "Lost & Found". Out Magazine. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
  35. "Heartfelt interview was no act for Sam Neill". British Stammering Association. Archived from the original on 15 August 2007. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  36. "Rosie Perez Biography". A & E Networks. Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 13 October 2014.
  37. "Bollywood Star Talks About His Stuttering". Stuttering Help. 18 October 2013. Retrieved 13 October 2014.
  38. "People Index". Box Office Mojo. 5 February 2010. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  39. "The Sprouse Twins, 17 – Young and minted: teens who struck it big". MSN Money. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  40. Palin, Michael (11 February 2011). "The King's Speech". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 22 August 2012.
  41. Sullivan, Tom (2003). Seeing Lessons: 14 Life Secrets I've Learned Along the Way. John Wiley & Sons. p. 96. ISBN 9780471263562.
  42. "Famous People Who Stutter". Stuttering Foundation. 29 July 2011. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
  43. "Famous People – Speech Differences and Stutter". Disabled World. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
  44. "Warrior talk". British Stammering Association. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  45. Greenberger, Robert (2002). Wilt Chamberlain. New York: Rosen Publishing Group. p. 14. ISBN 0-8239-3486-1.
  46. Lapointe, Joe (25 September 2004). "Meet the Mane Attraction of the Boston Red Sox". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  47. Barron, David (31 July 2004). "Having overcome chronic sinus problems and a speech defect, Lester Hayes reflects on a career he credits to Al Davis and stickum". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  48. "Bo Knows Best". ESPN. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  49. "Communicating in Brief But Bold Strokes". Retrieved 7 September 2018.
  50. "Kentucky's Michael Kidd-Gilchrist no longer bothered by his stuttering". 26 June 2012.
  51. "New York Jets Cornerback Ellis Lankster Honored by Stuttering Foundation: Fan Perspective".
  52. "Documentary shares Bob Love's story". Stuttering Foundation. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  53. Darling, Ron (2019). 108 Stitches: Loose Threads, Ripping Yarns, and the Darndest Characters from My Time in the Game. St. Martin's Press. p. 148. ISBN 9781250184399. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
  54. Kurkjian, Tim (2007). Is This a Great Game, Or What?: From A-Rod's Heart to Zim's Head--My 25 Years in Baseball. Macmillan. p. 67. ISBN 9780312362232. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
  55. "Astros rookie didn't let stutter throw him a curve". Houston Chronicle. 26 May 2014. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
  56. "Despite a stuttering problem, Chargers return man Sproles is ... Speaking Loudly". North County Times. 29 November 2007. Archived from the original on 12 October 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  57. Leon, Masha. "Smooth Sailing for Stuttering Gala Maiden Voyage Aboard the QM2". Jewish Daily Forward. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  58. "My Shot: Ken Venturi". Golf Digest. December 2004. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  59. "Therapy and Self-Therapy for Stuttering". Veils of Stuttering. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  60. Schorn, Daniel (2 December 2009). "Tiger Woods Up Close And Personal". CBS 60 Minutes. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  61. Gambino, Simeone (23 July 2014). "Ten things you don't know about James Rodriguez". Goal.com. Retrieved 13 May 2015.
  62. "Ed Balls talks about his stammer". British Stammering Association. March 2010. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  63. "Politics and Stuttering Mix Well". Stuttering Foundation. 16 January 2009. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  64. Ekman, Monica (23 August 2008). "10 Things You Didn't Know About Joe Biden". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  65. "Claudius". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2002.
  66. Suetonius (1979). The Twelve Caesars. Robert Graves, trans. London: Penguin Books. p. 38. ISBN 0-14-044072-0.
  67. "School days were not happy for Proinsias De Rossa. Discipline was important, but did it have to be so brutal?". The Irish Times. 14 January 1997. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
  68. ""Wado" De Pedro, el líder de La Cámpora que construyó su propio poder bajo el paraguas de Cristina Kirchner". Infobae (in Spanish). 6 December 2019. Retrieved 12 September 2020.
  69. Siemaszko, Corky (1 March 2011). "'The King's Speech' has special meaning to former NJ Gov. Thomas Kean, who struggled with stuttering". New York Daily News. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  70. "The black woman with a stutter who changed the course of Portugal's history". Agencia EFE. 10 October 2019. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
  71. Gangadhar, V. "Always Time For a Laugh". Outlook India. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  72. "Presidenttiehdokas Matti Vanhanen ja vaalit 2006" (in Finnish). Peda.net. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  73. Burston, Paul (29 May 2007). "Marc Almond: Interview". TimeOut. Archived from the original on 9 December 2007. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  74. "Sing You Home Again". Brian Dunphy. 17 May 2020. Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
  75. Harris, John (2004). Britpop!: Cool Britannia and the Spectacular Demise of English Rock. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press. p. 118. ISBN 0-306-81367-X.
  76. Waggott, Gina. "Book reviews: Gareth Gates – Right From the Start". British Stammering Association. Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  77. "John Lee Hooker". The Stuttering Foundation. 17 July 2015. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  78. "The Stutter and the Scat Is The Same Thing". Minnesota State University – Mankato. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  79. "Tough Questions for Peter Murphy". Spin Magazine. Retrieved 28 August 2011.
  80. McGowan, Joseph (2002). "Notker Balbulus (The Stammerer) (c. 840–912)". In Schulman, Jana K. (ed.). The Rise of the Medieval World, 500-1300: A Biographical Dictionary. Westport: Greenwood Press. p. 314. ISBN 978-0-313-30817-8.
  81. "Ozzy Osbourne on speech impediments and paranoia". The Times. Retrieved 23 January 2011.
  82. Donaldson James, Susan (1 May 2009). "Not So Vain: Carly Simon's Panicky Past". ABC News. Retrieved 10 November 2021.
  83. "An almost famous singer". The Stuttering Foundation. Retrieved 4 June 2011.
  84. "Meet Mel Tillis". Mel Tillis.com. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  85. Greene, Andy (14 April 2015). "Bill Withers: The Soul Man Who Walked Away". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 26 August 2015.
  86. "Biography, Awards and Credits". Billwithersmusic.com. 8 July 1972. Archived from the original on 29 August 2011. Retrieved 12 January 2011.
  87. "Australian Story – Talk Of The Town 7 July 2014". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 7 July 2014. Archived from the original on 11 July 2014. Retrieved 7 July 2014.
  88. "Cartoonist Jim Davis-The Man Behind Garfield". American Profile. 8 March 2009. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  89. Lima, E. M. (2009). "Machado de Assis and psychiatry: a chapter in the relations between art and clinical practice in Brazil". História, Ciências, Saúde-Manguinhos. Scientific Electronic Library Online. 16 (3): 641–654. doi:10.1590/S0104-59702009000300004. PMID 20614668.
  90. "Public Speech and Public Silence". British Stammering Association. Archived from the original on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  91. "Essayist, nature writer Hoagland due in San Francisco". University of California – Davis, Davis Community Network. 28 January 1996. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  92. Jones, Dylan (17 October 2006). "Why I hate the letter D". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  93. "The Rules For Mastering a Stammer". British Stammering Association. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  94. "My stammer is a secret informant". British Stammering Association. Archived from the original on 6 May 2007. Retrieved 17 July 2011.
  95. "Q&A – Oscar Nominee David Seidler Overcame His Stutter on the Road to The King's Speech". filmcritic. 31 January 2011. Archived from the original on 4 February 2011.
  96. Records of the Three Kingdoms, vol. 28.
  97. "Battle of Sicily: A Matter of Days". Time. 9 August 1943. Archived from the original on 7 November 2012. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  98. Grace Glueck (2 October 2002). "Walter Annenberg, 94, Dies; Philanthropist and Publisher". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 October 2014.
  99. Severo, Richard (17 April 1991). "Homer Bigart, Acclaimed Reporter, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  100. "Charles S. Bluemel". University of Minnesota, Mankato: College of Allied Health and Nursing. Archived from the original on 3 June 2021.
  101. van der Vat, Dan (12 December 2001). "Field Marshal Lord Carver". Guardian. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  102. Dutton, Ralph (1963). English Court Life: From Henry VII to George II. London: B. T. Batsford. p. 232. ISBN 978-1-4058-5903-5.
  103. Doty, Laura. "Famous People Who Stutter". Minnesota State University – Duluth. Archived from the original on 23 August 2000. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  104. Michelet, Jules (1857). Histoire de France au seizième siècle, vol. 8. Paris: Camerot. p. 418.
  105. Fraser, Jane (23 August 1998). "Stuttering Foundation of America – Looking Back and Looking Forward". Minnesota State University – Mankato. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  106. "Malcolm H. Fraser, 91, Retailer of Auto Parts". The New York Times. 19 February 2008. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  107. French, Philip (26 December 2010). "Philip French: my life as a stammerer". The Observer. Retrieved 29 December 2013.
  108. Greene, Bob (19 February 2012). "John Glenn's true hero: Annie Glenn". CNN. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
  109. "NSASTUTTER.ORG" (PDF). www.nsastutter.org. Retrieved 9 December 2016.
  110. Haile, Martin (1905). Queen Mary of Modena: Her Life and Letters. London: J.M. Dent. p. 40.
  111. Williams, D. Wendell Johnson and Charles Van Riper. Minnesota State University (22 February 1999). Retrieved on 2008-08-30.
  112. Rosamond McKitterick, The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians, (Pearson Education Limited, 1999), 258.
  113. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Michael (emperors)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 359–360.
  114. "Jak się nie jąkać? Jąkanie może zniszczyć życie, na szczęście da się z tego wyleczyć" (in Polish). Retrieved 26 December 2019.
  115. Lopes, Fernão (1895). Chronica de El-Rei D. Pedro I [Chronicle of King Peter I] (in Portuguese). Lisbon: Typ. do «Commercio de Portugal». p. 14. Este rei Dom Pedro era muito gago […]
  116. "Conservationist and SFA spokesman Alan Rabinowitz is featured on Speaking of Faith, a program on public radio". Stuttering Foundation. July 2011. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  117. "John Stossel for the Stuttering Foundation". Stuttering Foundation. 6 May 2011. Retrieved 18 July 2011.
  118. "Did Alan Turing stutter?". stutter.ca. Retrieved 30 July 2019.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.