List of web browsers

The following is a list of web browsers that are notable.

Timeline representing the history of various web browsers

Historical
Usage share of web browsers according to StatCounter till 2019-05. See HTML5 beginnings, Presto rendering engine deprecation and Chrome's dominance.
See also: Timeline of web browsers

This is a table of personal computer web browsers by year of release of major version. The increased growth of the Internet in the 1990s and 2000s means that current browsers with small market shares have more total users than the entire market early on. For example, 90% market share in 1997 would be roughly 60 million users, but by the start of 2007 9% market share would equate to over 90 million users.[1]

Year Web browsers
1990 WorldWideWeb (Nexus)
1991 Line Mode Browser
1992 Erwise, MacWWW (Samba), MidasWWW, ViolaWWW
1993 AMosaic 1.0, Arena, Cello,[2] Lynx 2.0, Mosaic
1994 Agora (Argo), IBM WebExplorer, IBrowse, MacWeb, Minuet, Netscape Navigator, SlipKnot 1.0
1995 Grail, Internet Explorer 1, Internet Explorer 2, Netscape Navigator 2.0, OmniWeb, UdiWWW,[3]
1996 Amaya 0.9,[4] Arachne 1.0, AWeb, Cyberdog, Internet Explorer 3.0, Netscape Navigator 3.0, Opera 2.0, PowerBrowser 1.5,[5] Voyager
1997 Amaya 1.0, [4] Internet Explorer 4.0, Netscape Navigator 4.0, Netscape Communicator 4.0, Opera 3.0[6]
1998 iCab, Mozilla
1999 Amaya 2.0,[4] Mozilla M3, Internet Explorer 5.0
2000 Amaya 3.0[4], Amaya 4.0,[4] K-Meleon 0.2, Konqueror, Netscape 6, Opera 4,[7] Opera 5,[8]
2001 Amaya 5.0,[4] Internet Explorer 6, Galeon 1.0, Opera 6,[9]
2002 Amaya 6.0,[4] Amaya 7.0,[4]Phoenix 0.1, Netscape 7, Mozilla 1.0, Links 2.0
2003 Amaya 8.0,[4] Epiphany 1.0, Opera 7,[10] Apple Safari 1.0,
2004 Firefox 1.0, Netscape Browser, OmniWeb 5.0
2005 Amaya 9.0,[4] AOL Explorer 1.0, Epiphany 1.8, Maxthon 1.0, Netscape Browser 8.0, Opera 8,[11] Apple Safari 2.0, Shiira 1.0
2006 Avant 11, Camino 1.0, Galeon 2.0, iCab 3, K-Meleon 1.0, Mozilla Firefox 2.0, Internet Explorer 7, Opera 9,[12], SeaMonkey 1.0
2007 Conkeror, Flock 1.0, Apple Safari 3.0, Netscape Navigator 9, NetSurf 1.0
2008 Google Chrome 1, Maxthon 2.0, Mozilla Firefox 3, Opera 9.5,[13], Apple Safari 3.1, Konqueror 4, Amaya 10.0[4], Flock 2, Amaya 11.0[4]
2009 Google Chrome 2–3, Mozilla Firefox 3.5, Internet Explorer 8, Opera 10,[14], Apple Safari 4, SeaMonkey 2, Camino 2, surf, Pale Moon 3.0[15]
2010 Google Chrome 4–8, Mozilla Firefox 3.6, Opera 10.50,[16], Opera 11, Apple Safari 5, K-Meleon 1.5.4, xxxterm
2011 Google Chrome 9–16, Mozilla Firefox 4–9, Internet Explorer 9, Opera 11.50, Apple Safari 5.1, Maxthon 3.0, SeaMonkey 2.1–2.6
2012 Google Chrome 17–23, Mozilla Firefox 10–17, Internet Explorer 10, Opera 12, Apple Safari 6, Maxthon 4.0, SeaMonkey 2.7–2.14
2013 Google Chrome 24–31, Mozilla Firefox 18–26, Internet Explorer 11, Opera 15–18, Pale Moon 15.4–24.2.2[17], Apple Safari 7, SeaMonkey 2.15–2.23
2014 Google Chrome 32–39, Mozilla Firefox 27–34, Opera 19–26, Pale Moon 24.3.0–25.1.0[17], Apple Safari 8, SeaMonkey 2.24–2.30
2015 Google Chrome 40–47, Microsoft Edge, Mozilla Firefox 35–43, Opera 27–34, Pale Moon 25.2.0–25.8.1[17], Vivaldi
2016 Google Chrome 48–55, Mozilla Firefox 44–50, Microsoft Edge 14, Opera 35–42, Pale Moon 26.0.0–27.0.3, Apple Safari 9–10, SeaMonkey 2.24–2.30
2017 Google Chrome 56–60, Microsoft Edge 15, Mozilla Firefox 51–55.0.2, Opera 43–45, Opera Neon, Pale Moon 27.1.0–27.6.2, Safari 10–11
2018 Chrome 64–71, Firefox 58–64, Microsoft Edge 42–44, Opera 50–57, Pale Moon 27.7.0–28.2.2, Safari 11–12, Vivaldi 1.14–2.2
2019 Chrome 72–79, Firefox 65–71, Microsoft Edge, Opera 58–65, Pale Moon 28.3.0–28.8.0, Safari 12–13, SeaMonkey, Vivaldi 2.2–2.10, Yandex.browser
2020 Chrome 80–87, Firefox 72–84, Microsoft Edge, Opera 66–73, Pale Moon 28.8.1–28.17.0, Safari 13–14, SeaMonkey, Vivaldi 2.10–3.5, Yandex.browser
2021 Chrome 88–96, Firefox 85–95, Microsoft Edge 88–96, Opera 74–82, Pale Moon 29.0.0–29.4.3, Safari 15, Vivaldi 3.6–5.0
2022 Chrome 97–107, Firefox 96–107, Microsoft Edge 97–107, Opera 83–93, Pale Moon 29.4.4-31.4.2, Safari 15.4–16.2, Vivaldi 5.1–5.6
2023 Chrome 108–current, Firefox 108–current, Microsoft Edge 108–current, Opera 94–current, Pale Moon 31.4.3-current, Safari 16.3–current, Vivaldi 5.7–current, Arc 1.10-current

Layout engines

Graphical

Current and maintained projects are listed in boldface.

Trident shells

Other software publishers have built browsers and other products around Microsoft's Trident engine. The following browsers are all based on that rendering engine:

Gecko-based

Goanna-based
  • Basilisk – similar to Pale Moon, but with the interface of Firefox 29–56 and a few other differences
  • K-Meleon – starting from version 77 (2019)
  • Pale Moon – a fork of Firefox that maintains support for XUL/XPCOM extensions and retains the user interface of the Firefox 4–28 era

Gecko- and Trident-based

Browsers that use both Trident and Gecko include:

Webkit- and Trident-based

Blink- and Trident-based

Browsers that can use Trident, Gecko and Blink include:

KHTML-based

Presto-based

WebKit-based
StatusBrowser
Aloha Browser (iOS and Android)
experimentalAmazon Kindle NetFront Browser
discontinuedArora
discontinuedBOLT browser
Google Chrome for iOS
Dolphin Browser (Android and Bada)
discontinuedDooble (qtwebkit version discontinued) (up to Version 1.56)
DuckDuckGo for Mac[24]
Firefox for iOS
discontinuedFlock (version 3.0 and above)
GNOME Web (Epiphany)
iCab (version 4 uses WebKit; earlier versions used its own rendering engine)
discontinuedIris Browser
Konqueror (version 4 can use WebKit as an alternative to its native KHTML)[25]
Maxthon (version 3.0 to 5.0. Since version 6 Maxthon uses Chromium[26])
Midori
Microsoft Edge for iOS
Nintendo 3DS NetFront Browser
Nintendo Wii U NetFront Browser NX
discontinuedOmniWeb
Otter Browser (uses Blink and WebKit; aims to recreate the features of old Opera)
discontinuedOWB
discontinuedQtWeb
qutebrowser (a Blink-based backend is currently used by default)
Roccat Browser
discontinuedRekonq
Safari
discontinuedPhantomJS (a headless browser)
discontinuedShiira
discontinuedSlimBoat[27]
discontinuedSteel for Android
surf
discontinuedUzbl
discontinuedWeb Browser for S60, used in all Nokia Symbian smartphones
discontinuedwebOS, used in the Palm Pre, Palm Pixi, Pre 2, HP Veer, Pre 3, and TouchPad mobile devices
WebPositive, browser in Haiku
discontinuedxombrero

EdgeHTML-based

For Java platform

Specialty browsers
See also: Augmented browsing, List of augmented browsing software, and Site-specific browser

Browsers created for enhancements of specific browsing activities.

Current

Discontinued
  • Flock (To enhance social networking, blogging, photo-sharing, and RSS news-reading)
  • Ghostzilla (Blends into the GUI to hide activity)
  • Gollum browser (Created specially for browsing Wikipedia)
  • Kirix Strata (Designed for data analytics)
  • Miro (A media browser that integrates BitTorrent add-on)
  • Nightingale (open source audio player and web browser based on the Songbird (see below) media player source code)
  • Prodigy Classic (Executable only within the application)
  • RockMelt (Designed to combine web browsing, and social activities such as Facebook and Twitter into a unified one window experience)
  • Songbird (browser with advanced audio streaming features and built-in media player with library.)

Mosaic-based

Mosaic was the first widely used web browser. The National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) licensed the technology and many companies built their own web browser on Mosaic. The best known are the first versions of Internet Explorer and Netscape.

Others

Mobile browsers
Main article: Mobile browser

Text-based
Main article: Text-based web browser

See also

References
  1. "History and Growth of the Internet". Internet World Stats. June 21, 2011. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
  2. Brennan, Elaine (June 13, 1993). "World Wibe Web Browser: Ms-Windows (Beta) (1/149)". Humanist Archives Vol. 7. Retrieved March 27, 2010.
  3. Großmann, Prof. Dr. Hans Peter. "Department of Information Resource Management". University of Ulm. Retrieved March 22, 2010.
  4. "Release history". W3C. Retrieved May 2, 2009.
  5. "Oracle Introduces PowerBrowser". Oracle Corporation. June 18, 1996. Retrieved October 31, 2007.
  6. "Opera Software Releases 3.60" (Press release). Opera Software. May 12, 1998. Retrieved February 19, 2008.
  7. "Opera 4.0 for Windows Released" (Press release). Opera Software. June 27, 2000. Retrieved December 10, 2008.
  8. "The Browser War Lights Up in Europe" (Press release). Opera Software. December 6, 2000. Retrieved December 10, 2008.
  9. "Opera 6.0 for Windows launched after record-breaking beta" (Press release). Opera Software. November 29, 2001. Retrieved February 19, 2008.
  10. "Opera 7 Ready to Rock the Web" (Press release). Opera Software. January 28, 2003. Retrieved February 19, 2008.
  11. "Speed, Security and Simplicity: Opera 8 Web Browser Released Today" (Press release). Opera Software. April 19, 2005. Retrieved February 19, 2008.
  12. "Your Web, Your Choice: Opera 9 Gives You the Control" (Press release). Opera Software. June 20, 2006. Retrieved December 10, 2008.
  13. "Opera redefines Web browsing yet again" (Press release). Opera Software. June 12, 2008. Retrieved June 12, 2008.
  14. "Turbocharge your Web experience with Opera 10" (Press release). Opera Software. September 1, 2009. Retrieved January 2, 2010.
  15. "History of the Pale Moon project". Retrieved January 5, 2017.
  16. "The world's fastest browser for Windows" (Press release). Oslo, Norway: Opera Software. March 2, 2010. Retrieved March 28, 2010.
  17. "General information". Retrieved January 5, 2017.
  18. http://caminobrowser.org Camino reaches its end
  19. "Try Avant Browser 2012 for a Choice of Rendering Engines". PC World. January 3, 2012. Retrieved January 3, 2012.
  20. "Have it all: Lunascape, the browser with three engines". CNET News. November 24, 2008. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
  21. "300 million users and move to WebKit". Opera Developer News.
  22. "Surprise: Opera 12.18 has been released – gHacks Tech News". gHacks Technology News. February 16, 2016. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
  23. "Introducing DuckDuckGo for Mac: A Private, Fast, and Secure Browsing App". April 12, 2022.
  24. "Projects/WebKit/Part — KDE TechBase". KDE TechBase. Retrieved March 30, 2010.
  25. "Maxthon Browser". Archived from the original on February 11, 2021. Retrieved April 6, 2022.
  26. "Slimboat". slimboat.com. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  27. JoWa, Product Translator, Global Moderator (May 2, 2014). "Blink, since v. 28". Comodo Group, Inc. Archived from the original on March 17, 2016. Retrieved April 21, 2017. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  28. "Microsoft Edge: Making the web better through more open source collaboration". Microsoft Windows Blog. Microsoft. December 6, 2018. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  29. "A first peek at Opera 15 for Computers". Opera. Archived from the original on June 7, 2013. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
  30. "The new Microsoft Edge is now mandatory in Windows 10 20H2". News, Reviews and Technical Support. BleepingComputer. October 20, 2020. Retrieved October 28, 2020.
  31. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on May 6, 2016. Retrieved February 23, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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