Type locality (geology)
Type locality, also called type area, is the locality where a particular rock type, stratigraphic unit or mineral species is first identified.[1] If the stratigraphic unit in a locality is layered, it is called a stratotype, whereas the standard of reference for unlayered rocks is the type locality.[2]
The term is similar to the term type site in archaeology or the term type specimen in biology.
Examples of geological type localities
Rocks and minerals
- Aragonite: Molina de Aragón, Guadalajara, Spain
- Autunite: Autun, France
- Benmoreite: Ben More (Mull), Scotland[3]
- Blairmorite: Blairmore, Alberta, Canada
- Boninite: Bonin Islands, Japan[4]
- Comendite: Comende, San Pietro Island, Sardinia[5]
- Cummingtonite: Cummington, Massachusetts
- Dunite: Dun Mountain, New Zealand.[6]
- Essexite: Essex County, Massachusetts, US[7]
- Fayalite: Horta, Fayal Island, Azores, Portugal
- Harzburgite: Bad Harzburg, Germany
- Icelandite: Thingmuli (Þingmúli), Iceland[8]
- Ijolite: Iivaara, Kuusamo, Finland[9]
- Kimberlite: Kimberley, Northern Cape, South Africa
- Komatiite: Komati River, South Africa[10]
- Labradorite: Paul's Island, Labrador, Canada
- Lherzolite: Étang de Lers, France (Old spelling was: Étang de Lherz.)[6]
- Mimetite: Treue Freundschaft Mine, Johanngeorgenstadt, Germany
- Mugearite: Mugeary, Skye, Scotland
- Mullite: Isle of Mull, Scotland
- Pantellerite: Pantelleria, off Sicily[11]
- Portlandite: Scawt Hill, Ballygalley, Larne, County Antrim, Northern Ireland
- Rodingite: Roding River, New Zealand
- Sovite: Norsjø, Norway[12]
- Strontianite: Strontian, Scotland (also the element strontium derived from the mineral)
- Temagamite: Copperfields Mine, Temagami, Ontario, Canada
- Tilleyite: Crestmore Quarry, Riverside County, California[13]
- Tonalite: Tonale Pass
- Trondhjemite: Follstad, Støren, Norway[14]
- Uraninite: Joachimsthal, Austria-Hungary (now Jáchymov, Czech Republic)
- Websterite: Webster in North Carolina.[6]
- Widgiemoolthalite: Widgiemooltha, Western Australia, Australia
- Ytterbite (a.k.a. gadolinite): Ytterby, Sweden[15]
Formations
- Bearpaw Formation: Bear Paw Mountains, Montana, US
- Burgess Shale: Burgess Pass on Mount Burgess, Alberta–BC, Canada
- Calvert Formation: Calvert Cliffs State Park, Maryland, US
- Chapel Island Formation: Newfoundland, Canada
- Chattanooga Shale: Chattanooga, Tennessee, US
- Chazy Formation: Chazy, New York, US
- Fort Payne Formation: Fort Payne, Alabama, US
- Gault Formation: Copt Point, Folkestone, UK
- Holston Formation: Holston River, Tennessee, US
- Jacobsville Sandstone: Jacobsville, Michigan, US
- Ogallala Formation: High Plains, US
- St. Louis Limestone: St. Louis, Missouri, US
- Ste. Genevieve Limestone: Ste. Genevieve, Missouri, US
- Temple Butte Formation: Temple Butte, Grand Canyon, US[16]
- Upper Greensand Formation: Weald, Sussex, Hampshire
- Waulsortian mudmound: Waulsort, Namur, Belgium
References
- "Scottish Geology, Glossary: Type locality/area". Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery of the University of Glasgow. Archived from the original on 2002-12-24. Retrieved 2011-02-05.
- "Stratotypes and Type Localities". International Commission on Stratigraphy. Retrieved 20 August 2017.
- "Benmoreite". Oxford Index. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
- Harms U., Koeberl C. & Zoback M. D. (2007). Continental Scientific Drilling: A Decade of Progress, and Challenges for the Future. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 311. ISBN 978-3540687788.
- Robinson H.H. (1913). U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 76. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 109.
- Rogers, Nick; Stephen Blake; Kevin Burton; Mike Widdowson; Ian Parkinson; Nigel Harris (2008). An introduction to our dynamic planet (Co-published ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. ISBN 978-0521494243.
- State Geologist, Vermont (1918). Report of the State Geologist, Volume 11. p. 191.
- Middlemost E. A. K. (1985). Magmas and magmatic rocks: an introduction to igneous petrology. Longman. p. 89. ISBN 978-0582300804.
- Maier W.D., Lahtinen R. & O'Brien H. (2015). Minerals Deposits of Finland. Elsevier. p. 302. ISBN 978-0124104761.
- Glikson A.Y. (2014). The Archaean: Geological and Geochemical Windows into the Early Earth. Springer. p. 75. ISBN 978-3319079080.
- Gill R. (2010). Igneous Rocks and Processes: A Practical Guide. John Wiley & Sons. p. 328. ISBN 978-1444330656.
- Oftedahl C. (1989). "Sövite". Petrology. pp. 544–545. doi:10.1007/0-387-30845-8_231. ISBN 978-0-442-20623-9.
{{cite book}}:|journal=ignored (help) - Larsen, Esper S.; Dunham, Kingsley C. (Nov 1933). "Tilleyite, a new mineral from the contact zone at Crestmore, California". American Mineralogist. 18 (11): 469–473. Retrieved 6 June 2023.
- Dunning G. R. & Grenne T. (2000). "U-Pb age dating and paleotectonic significance of trondhjemite from the type locality in the Central Norwegian Caledonides" (PDF). Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse Bulletin. 437: 57–65.
- Senning, Alexander (2019). The Etymology of Chemical Names: Tradition and Convenience vs. Rationality in Chemical Nomenclature. Berlin: De Gruyter. p. 391. ISBN 978-3-11-061271-4.
- "Temple Butte Limestone, USGS". Archived from the original on 2013-09-27. Retrieved 2009-10-20.
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