Logan County, Kansas

Logan County (standard abbreviation: LG) is a county located in the U.S. state of Kansas. Its county seat and largest city is Oakley.[2] As of the 2020 census, the county population was 2,762.[1] The county was named for John Logan, a general during the American Civil War.[3] One of the county's distinctive features is a mile-long stretch of Smoky Hill Chalk bluffs that tower 100 feet (30 m) high over the Smoky Hill River and are dubbed "Little Jerusalem" for resemblance to the ancient walled city.[4] The formation is mostly on private land. In 2016, The Nature Conservancy purchased the property and the Little Jerusalem Badlands State Park opened to the public in October 2019.[5]

Not to be confused with Logan, Kansas.

Logan County
County
Butterfield Trail Museum, formerly the Logan County courthouse, in Russell Springs (2014)
Butterfield Trail Museum, formerly the Logan County courthouse, in Russell Springs (2014)
Map of Kansas highlighting Logan County
Location within the U.S. state of Kansas
Map of the United States highlighting Kansas
Kansas's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 38°54′N 101°08′W
Country United States
State Kansas
FoundedFebruary 24, 1887
Named forJohn A. Logan
SeatOakley
Largest cityOakley
Area
 • Total1,073 sq mi (2,780 km2)
 • Land1,073 sq mi (2,780 km2)
 • Water0.1 sq mi (0.3 km2)  0.01%
Population
 (2020)[1]
 • Total2,762
 • Density2.6/sq mi (1.0/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
Congressional district1st
Websitediscoveroakley.com
Agriculture, as represented by this stockyard on the edge of Oakley, is important in Logan County

History

Early history
See also: History of Kansas

For many millennia, the Great Plains of North America was inhabited by nomadic Native Americans. From the 16th century to 18th century, the Kingdom of France claimed ownership of large parts of North America. In 1762, after the French and Indian War, France secretly ceded New France to Spain, per the Treaty of Fontainebleau.

19th century

In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France, but keeping title to about 7,500 square miles. In 1803, most of the land for modern day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile Louisiana Purchase for 2.83 cents per acre.

In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U.S. state. In 1887, Logan County was established.

Logan County was first created in 1871 as St. John County. St. John was formed from the area to the east of range 38 in what was then part of Wallace County. The Kansas State Legislature changed the name from St. John to Logan in 1885.[6]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,073 square miles (2,780 km2), of which 1,073 square miles (2,780 km2) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) (0.01%) is water.[7]

Major highways

Adjacent counties

Demographics
Population pyramid based on 2000 census age data
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18903,384—
19001,962−42.0%
19104,240116.1%
19203,223−24.0%
19304,14528.6%
19403,688−11.0%
19504,20614.0%
19604,036−4.0%
19703,814−5.5%
19803,478−8.8%
19903,081−11.4%
20003,046−1.1%
20102,756−9.5%
20202,7620.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[8]
1790-1960[9] 1900-1990[10]
1990-2000[11] 2010-2020[1]

At the 2000 census,[12] there were 3,046 people, 1,243 households and 856 families residing in the county. The population density was 3 per square mile (1.2/km2). There were 1,423 housing units at an average density of 1 per square mile (0.39/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 96.72% White, 0.59% Black or African American, 0.16% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 0.72% from other races, and 1.61% from two or more races. 1.64% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 1,243 households, of which 29.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.30% were married couples living together, 6.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.10% were non-families. 28.60% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 2.98.

Age distribution was 25.40% under the age of 18, 7.20% from 18 to 24, 24.40% from 25 to 44, 22.30% from 45 to 64, and 20.70% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 93.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.00 males.

The median household income was $32,131 and the median family income was $40,104. Males had a median income of $28,105 and females $19,609. The per capita income was $17,294. About 4.70% of families and 7.30% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.80% of those under age 18 and 8.60% of those age 65 or over.

Government

Presidential elections
Presidential election results
United States presidential election results for Logan County, Kansas[13]
Year Republican Democratic Third party
No. %No. %No. %
2020 1,249 85.67% 186 12.76% 23 1.58%
2016 1,132 83.17% 149 10.95% 80 5.88%
2012 1,126 83.41% 197 14.59% 27 2.00%
2008 1,187 82.43% 225 15.63% 28 1.94%
2004 1,255 82.40% 248 16.28% 20 1.31%
2000 1,088 77.88% 231 16.54% 78 5.58%
1996 1,155 73.47% 296 18.83% 121 7.70%
1992 905 52.95% 355 20.77% 449 26.27%
1988 988 64.36% 503 32.77% 44 2.87%
1984 1,235 77.04% 331 20.65% 37 2.31%
1980 1,261 72.89% 358 20.69% 111 6.42%
1976 957 56.39% 694 40.90% 46 2.71%
1972 1,164 69.99% 428 25.74% 71 4.27%
1968 1,120 63.78% 411 23.41% 225 12.81%
1964 967 49.82% 957 49.30% 17 0.88%
1960 1,243 65.22% 651 34.16% 12 0.63%
1956 1,328 72.61% 493 26.95% 8 0.44%
1952 1,544 79.96% 369 19.11% 18 0.93%
1948 1,105 63.73% 579 33.39% 50 2.88%
1944 1,107 72.92% 406 26.75% 5 0.33%
1940 1,201 66.83% 584 32.50% 12 0.67%
1936 955 51.15% 908 48.63% 4 0.21%
1932 867 44.26% 1,025 52.32% 67 3.42%
1928 1,066 71.64% 405 27.22% 17 1.14%
1924 942 63.86% 286 19.39% 247 16.75%
1920 781 68.51% 312 27.37% 47 4.12%
1916 592 42.05% 709 50.36% 107 7.60%
1912 166 20.22% 259 31.55% 396 48.23%
1908 524 59.34% 308 34.88% 51 5.78%
1904 408 71.83% 117 20.60% 43 7.57%
1900 319 60.53% 176 33.40% 32 6.07%
1896 274 60.35% 175 38.55% 5 1.10%
1892 457 58.14% 0 0.00% 329 41.86%
1888 609 65.84% 283 30.59% 33 3.57%

Like all the High Plains, Logan County is overwhelmingly Republican. Only two Democrats have ever carried the county in a Presidential election: Woodrow Wilson in 1916 and Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932. Since at least 1888 only three other Democrats have passed forty percent of the county's vote: Roosevelt in 1936, Lyndon Johnson in 1964 and Jimmy Carter in 1976. In fact, apart from Michael Dukakis in 1988 during an election held during the grip of a major Plains drought, no Democrat since 1980 has passed 21 percent of the county's vote.

Laws

Following amendment to the Kansas Constitution in 1986, the county remained a prohibition, or "dry", county until 2006, when voters approved the sale of alcoholic liquor by the individual drink without a food sales requirement.[14]

Education

Unified school districts

Communities
2005 KDOT Map of Logan County (map legend)

‡ means a community has portions in an adjacent county. † means a community is designated a Census-Designated Place (CDP) by the United States Census Bureau.

Cities

Unincorporated communities

Ghost towns

Townships

Logan County is divided into 11 townships. None of the cities within the county is considered "governmentally independent" and all figures for the townships include those of the cities.

In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) included in that township's population total, if it is of a significant size.

Sources: 2000 U.S. Gazetteer from the U.S. Census Bureau.
TownshipFIPSPopulation
center		 PopulationPopulation
density
/km2 (/sq mi)		 Land area
km2 (sq mi)		Water area
km2 (sq mi)		Water % Geographic coordinates
Augustine03350260 (0)187 (72)0 (0)0%38°44′14″N 101°21′15″W
Elkader20225150 (0)278 (107)0 (0)0.01%38°53′33″N 100°52′1″W
Lees39200170 (0)185 (72)0 (0)0%38°44′26″N 100°59′5″W
Logansport42325140 (0)278 (107)0 (0)0.01%38°51′29″N 101°4′9″W
McAllaster43600290 (0)276 (106)0 (0)0.01%39°2′58″N 101°22′4″W
Monument480501441 (1)276 (107)0 (0)0%39°4′17″N 101°2′42″W
Oakley51850Oakley2,3438 (22)278 (107)0 (0)0.01%39°6′43″N 100°51′32″W
Paxton55025240 (0)186 (72)0 (0)0%38°44′38″N 101°7′57″W
Russell Springs61900710 (1)279 (108)0 (0)0.03%38°53′16″N 101°12′15″W
Western76900440 (0)279 (108)0 (0)0.04%38°54′3″N 101°24′37″W
Winona80100Winona3191 (3)277 (107)0 (0)0%39°3′53″N 101°12′54″W

See also
Community information for Kansas

References
  1. "QuickFacts; Logan County, Kansas; Population, Census, 2020 & 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on August 18, 2021. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
  2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  3. Blackmar, Frank Wilson (1912). Kansas: A Cyclopedia of State History, Volume 2. Standard Publishing Company. pp. 180.
  4. "Little Jerusalem Badlands State Park". Places We Protect www.nature.org. The Nature Conservancy. Retrieved October 16, 2019. The chalk outcroppings have had many names. In the late 19th century, they were said to resemble the ruins of many castles, thus "Castle City." Some say that it got the name "Little Jerusalem" or "New Jerusalem" because from a distance it looks like the ancient walled city of Jerusalem. By the time The Nature Conservancy acquired the property, most modern-day locals and geologists knew it by the name of Little Jerusalem.
  5. Desrochers, Daniel (October 12, 2016). "One of Kansas' natural wonders soon to be open to public". The Kansas City Star. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
  6. Blackmar, Frank Wilson (1912). Kansas: A Cyclopedia of State History, Volume 2. Chicago: Standard Publishing Company. pp. 180–181.
  7. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  8. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 26, 2014.
  9. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved July 26, 2014.
  10. "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 26, 2014.
  11. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 27, 2010. Retrieved July 26, 2014.
  12. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  13. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections".
  14. "Map of Wet and Dry Counties". Alcoholic Beverage Control, Kansas Department of Revenue. November 2006. Archived from the original on October 8, 2007. Retrieved December 28, 2007.
Notes

    Further reading
    See also: List of books about Kansas, including historical information about its counties and cities
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