Lorica (prayer)
In the Irish (Hiberno-Scottish) monastic tradition, a lorica is a prayer recited for protection. It is essentially a 'protection prayer' in which the petitioner invokes all the power of God as a safeguard against evil in its many forms.
The Latin word lōrīca originally meant "armor" (body armor, in the sense of chainmail or cuirass). The idea underlying the name is probably derived from Ephesians 6:14, where Paul bids his readers stand, "having put on the breast-plate of righteousness,".[1] The Greek word here translated as "breast-plate" is θώραξ, in the Vulgata version rendered lorica.
Invocation
Similar to a litany, the lorica often listed whose protection was requested. "Gabriel be my breastplate, Michael be my belt, Raphael be my shield..."[2]
Notable loricas include Rob tu mo bhoile, a Comdi cride, which in its English translation provides the text for the hymn Be Thou My Vision, the Lorica of Laidcenn, and the Lorica of Gildas.
Lorica of St Patrick
The Lorica of Saint Patrick, begins:
I arise today
Through a mighty strength, the invocation of the Trinity,
Through a belief in the Threeness,
Through confession of the Oneness
Of the Creator of creation.
Linguists cannot trace this lorica back further than the eighth century, which raises the question of whether it was based on an earlier poem dating back to the time of St. Patrick (5th century), or whether it was actually completely unknown to the saint to whom it has been ascribed.[3]
Lorica of St Fursey (or Fursa)
The Lorica of St Fursa dates from the early seventh century and is still a popular prayer in Ireland. The original text of the Fursey Lorica is held in the British Library. The translation, from Old Irish and German, was made by Fr Francis Mullaghy CSSR and Fr Richard Tobin CSSR, for use in St Joseph's Monastery, Dundalk, Co Louth. This Lorica translation is quoted by John Ó Ríordáin (3) and begins:
The arms of God be around my shoulders,
The touch of the Holy Spirit upon my head,
The sign of Christ’s cross upon my forehead,
The sound of the Holy Spirit in my ears,
Caim
A "caim" is similar to a lorica, being a type of protection prayer. The word "caim" possibly derives from Scottish Gaelic as listed in the Carmina Gadelica meaning "loop, curve, circle, or sanctuary".[4][5] English lexicographer Edward Dwelly's dictionary of Scottish Gaelic lists "sf Stain, blot, fault. 2(AC) Loop, curve, circle, sanctuary, guard, imaginary circle described with the hand round himself by a person in fear, danger or distress."[6]
The Carmina Gadelica does not contain liturgical rubrics, nor is there a ritual action described that accompanies the prayer. However, one usage of a caim prayer involves the creation of an invisible circle around the self with the index finger while the individual turns round.[7][8]
One prayer that is used can be found in the Carmina Gadelic with additions, and by tradition is often attributed to St. Columba:
References
- "Gildae Lorica", Early Church Fathers, pp.289-293, (1899)
- Jungmann, Josef Andreas, Irvine, Christopher and Coyne, John. "Lorica", Christian Prayer Through the Centuries, Paulist Press, 2007 ISBN 9780809144648
- St Patrick, a Visual Celebration, Davis, Courtney, Blandford, 1999, p. 31, “St Patrick’s Breastplate”, Gill, Elaine
- "Carmina gadelica : Hymns and incantations with illustrative notes on words, rites, and customs, dying and obsolete". 1900.
- "Caim", Ossian Collection, Carmen Gadelica, National Library of Scotland
- Dwelly, Edward. Faclair Gaidhlig, Ardmore, the Gaelic Press, 1902, p. 149
- Alexander, Jesse t., "Celtic Circle/Caim Prayer", Learning From the Saints
- "A Practice from the Celtic Tradition", Solas Bhríde Centre and Hermitages
- Carmichael, Alexander. Carmina Gadelica, p.49, T. and A. Constable, Edinburgh, 1900
- Manser, Martin H. (January 2001). The Westminster Collection of Christian Quotations. ISBN 9780664222581. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
Sources
- 'The Music of What Happens', John Ó Ríordáin, pp. 46–47, The Columba Press Dublin, 1996
- Add MS 30512 folio.35v