Marijane Meaker

Cover of Spring Fire - Vin Packer (Marijane Meaker) 1952

Upon graduation, she worked as a file clerk with Dutton Publishing, then as a proofreader with Gold Medal Books, and began writing mostly mystery novels as Vin Packer. According to her autobiographical young adult book ME ME ME ME: Not a Novel (1984), Meaker began her professional writing career by posing as a literary agent, whose "clients" consisted of her own pen names. As Packer, Meaker wrote 20 books in all, including The Evil Friendship from 1958, an account of the Parker–Hulme murder case in New Zealand. Two books by Packer were loosely based on the Emmett Till murder and the aftermath of the investigation: 3-Day Terror and Dark Don't Catch Me. Unlike other popular crime writers in the pulp market, Packer's books were less based on action, and more "psychologically dense" and "insidious".[6] One mystery critic said of Packer's books, "Her probing accounts of the roots of crime are richly detailed snapshots of their times, unconventional, intensely readable, and devoid of heroes, villains, or pat solutions."[7]

As Vin Packer, Meaker wrote the groundbreaking romance novel Spring Fire, published in 1952, which along with Tereska Torres' Women's Barracks is credited with launching the genre of lesbian "pulp" fiction.[8]^: 2 Spring Fire was a response to the immense success of the 1950 Torres novel, which sold 4.5 million copies. Eager to continue their financial success, editor Dick Carroll asked Meaker to write a book with a lesbian theme. Her original story idea involved a romance between two students of a boarding school, but editor Dick Carroll asked her to change it to sorority sisters because the boarding school setting was too risky. "He said, 'Well, it has to be a sorority, because a boarding school is too young.' He added, 'Make sure that these girls turn away from homosexuality because it is immoral, don't just have them talk about it being a hard life. We have to pass postal inspection.'"[9] Writer Ann Bannon has credited her beginnings as an author of lesbian fiction to discovering the Vin Packer novels in the 1950s.[10] The response to Spring Fire was beyond all Meaker's and Gold Medal Books' expectations. Meaker states she got "boxes of mail" from women who were thrilled to see a book that addressed a lesbian relationship; gay audiences weren't considered a market at this time.

Paperback novels were rarely reviewed by mainstream literary reviews, but a Packer novel titled, Come Destroy Me was noticed by The New York Times crime-fiction reviewer Anthony Boucher. Meaker said, "I decided then and there that I would never write an ordinary story again; that if I was writing for paperback, I would write suspense because I wanted the reviews."[9] Soon after editor Dick Carroll from Gold Medal Books died, Meaker stopped writing as Vin Packer.

Cover of We Walk Alone

Meaker used the pseudonym Ann Aldrich for a series of five books published as paperback originals, but which were in fact nonfiction works. She read Donald Webster Cory's book The Homosexual in America, which was a nonfiction book about gay men. Noticing there was nothing similar for lesbians, Meaker used her own observations of lesbians and the lives of lesbians that included We Walk Alone in 1955, We, Too, Must Love in 1958, Carol in a Thousand Cities in 1960, We Two Won't Last in 1963, and Take A Lesbian To Lunch in 1972. The Feminist Press re-released We Walk Alone and We, Too, Must Love in 2007. Meaker said of this series, "The Aldrich books were more like resource books. A lot of the mail I got was from people wanting to know where the bars were in New York, where they could live, where I had lived. You know, they wanted to know how to get to New York and how to get to these bars."[9]

Cover of "We, Too, Must Love" by Ann Aldrich (Marijane Meaker). Illustration by John J. Floherty Jr.

In an interview with the Lambda Book Report in 2005, Meaker reflected on the impact of her books as Ann Aldrich, saying, "I honestly never thought about anything except people like me buying the book. I never thought of us having any entitlement or any importance; it just never dawned upon me. If somebody had showed me the [gay couples in the] wedding pages of The New York Times, which was awaiting us in the future, I wouldn't have believed it. I thought books were important, but these were paperbacks and so I didn't think they would last any longer than the paper that they were printed on."[9] These books proved to be controversial when released. Books by Ann Aldrich were not overly sympathetic toward lesbians as a group, and they caused some consternation when being discussed by the Daughters of Bilitis. Ann Aldrich and the contributors to The Ladder took potshots at each other in print; once, a contributor to The Ladder accused Aldrich of being Ann Bannon, stating she expressed self-loathing in her writings.[11][12][13][14][15][16][17] In 1970, Gene Damon of The Ladder referred to Meaker as "the evil genius" for her excellent writing about unpleasant and unsatisfactory lesbian themes.[18]

Meaker was persuaded to try young adult fiction at the suggestion of author Louise Fitzhugh (Harriet the Spy), and chose to do so after reading Paul Zindel's The Pigman. She chose the pen name M. E. Kerr, as a phonetic play on her last name. Although the audience was different from Vin Packer's, Kerr's approach to her stories and characters seemed to vary little. She still addressed topics not usually covered by children's books: racism, AIDS, homosexuality, absent parents, social class differences, and her characters still had problems that had no easy solutions. She said of this direction, "I tend to write about people who struggle, who try to overcome obstacles, who usually do, but sometimes not. People who have all the answers and few problems have never interested me, not to write about, not to befriend."[2] Kerr's books addressed functions and dysfunctions in relationships between parents and children, teachers and students, friends, and she often wrote about first loves.

Kerr's first attempt was extremely successful. Dinky Hocker Shoots Smack! was published in 1972 and was about an overweight girl whose mother is so preoccupied with assisting people addicted to drugs that she virtually ignores her own daughter. It was listed by the School Library Journal's 20th century 100 most significant books for children and young adults. The story was inspired by a class Meaker taught by going into high schools and talking to students about writing. One overweight girl wrote stories Meaker characterized as "really grotesque"; when her mother, a local do-gooder, found out Meaker was encouraging her, she complained that Meaker was trying to get her daughter to "write weird." The novel would later be turned into an ABC Afterschool Special (as "Dinky Hocker)" in 1979 with Wendie Jo Sperber in the title role.

Is That You, Miss Blue?, published in 1975, involves a girl in a Virginia Episcopal boarding school who develops a crush on her religiously devout teacher. Kerr modeled the story on her own experiences in boarding school when she developed a crush on one of her own teachers.

1978's Gentlehands is about a young man who becomes involved with a young woman from a much wealthier family. When he tries to get to know his estranged grandfather, he learns that the man was a Nazi who killed Jews at Auschwitz. The premise for the book, stated Kerr, was, "I wanted to provoke the idea of what if you meet a nice guy, a really nice man, and what if you find out that in his past he wasn't such a nice man? How would you feel?"

In 1994's Deliver Us From Evie, 16-year-old Parr tells the story of his 18-year-old sister Evie's relationship with another girl and also of his own interest in a girl whose family rejects homosexuality as immoral. Kerr again addressed homosexuality in 1997's "Hello," I Lied, about a young man who finds himself pulled in multiple directions.

In the 1990s, Meaker added the pen name Mary James for a series of novels aimed at readers younger than the Kerr readership; it was not until 1994, after the publication of the third Mary James novel, that the covers indicated that the author was also known as M. E. Kerr.[19] Mary James books include Shoebag, The Shuteyes, Frankenlouse and Shoebag Returns.

Meaker gave advice in an interview for any aspiring writer, from her own experience: "I would tell aspiring writers to read. Read, read, read, read ... Read the kind of books you'd like to write. Study your competition, see how they do it. Go away to college, or to work or whatever. See some of the world away from where you live. Try to join or start a writers' group where everyone shares what they're working on."[2]

• "Devotedly, Patrick Henry Casebolt" 1951 as Laura Winston in Ladies' Home Journal
• "Hot Snow" by Vin Packer in the January 1956 issue of Justice Magazine
• "Only the Guilty Run" by Vin Packer in Some Things Weird and Wicked, edited by Joan Kahn and published by Pantheon in 1976
• "Jimmy from Another World" by Vin Packer in Cosmopolitan's Winds of Love, published by Cosmopolitan Books in 1975
• "Do You Want My Opinion?" 1984 in Sixteen: Short Stories by Outstanding Writers for Young Adults
• "The Sweet Perfume of Good-bye" 1988 in Visions: Nineteen Short Stories by Outstanding Writers for Young Adults
• "Sunny Days and Sunny Nights" 1989 in Connections: Short Stories by Outstanding Writers for Young Adults
• "Son of One Eye" 1989 in Scope
• "The Author" 1992 in Funny You Should Ask: The Delacorte Book of Original Humorous Short Stories
• "We Might as Well All Be Strangers" 1994 in Am I Blue? Coming Out from the Silence
• "The Green Killer" 1995 in Bad Behavior
• "Like Father, Like Son" 1995 in Scope
• Foreword 1997 in Hearing Us Out : Voices from the Gay and Lesbian Community by Roger Sutton
• "I Will Not Think of Maine" 1998 in Dirty Laundry: Stories About Family Secrets
• "Guess Who's Back in Town, Dear?" 1999 in Stay True : Short Stories for Strong Girls
• "Grace" 2000 in I Believe in Water: Twelve Brushes With Religion
• Contributor to 33 Things Every Girl Should Know : Stories, Songs, Poems and Smart Talk by 33 Extraordinary Women
• "Great Expectations" 2001 in On the Fringe
• "Hearing Flower" 2004 in Face Relations: Eleven Stories about Seeing Beyond Color