Mahmud Shah of Jaunpur

Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah Sharqi was the ruler of the Jaunpur Sultanate between 1440 and 1457.[1][2][3]

Mahmud Shah Sharqi
Nasir-ud-Din
Sultan of the Jaunpur Sultanate
Reign1440–1457
PredecessorIbrahim Shah
SpouseBibi Raji
Issue

Early life

Mahmud was the eldest son of Ibrahim Shah.[1]

Reign

Campaign against Orissa

[2][3]

Campaign against the Delhi Sultanate

Owing to the weakness of the Sultan of Delhi, Muhammad Shah, both Ibrahim Shah of Jaunpur and Mahmud Khalji of Malwa invaded and occupied a large amount of Delhi Sultanate's territory. In 1451, Bahlul Khan Lodi assumed the throne of Delhi and established the Lodi dynasty.[1]

Battle at Delhi

In 1452, when Bahlul Khan Lodi was on a campaign in the Punjab, Mahmud Shah, along with Darya Khan Lodi laid siege to Delhi. Bahlul returned before the besiegers could make any significant impression upon the city's defenses. Bahlul captured a large number of Mahmud's transport animals, which were out at pasture. Soon, he was attacked by a large faction of the Jaunpur army, consisting of 30,000 horse and 30 elephants, which was commanded by Fath Khan. After Qutb Khan Lodi wounded Fath Khan's elephant with an arrow, the Jaunpur army fell into disarray, and Darya Khan Lodi withdrew his support. This resulted in a complete defeated and Mahmud retreated to Jaunpur. Mahmud suffered the losses of seven war elephants, and his general Fath Khan, who was beheaded.[1][2]

Events at Shamsabad, death, and succession

In 1457, Mahmud Shah marched upon Shamsabad and was attacked by a force led by Qutb Khan Lodi and Darya Khan Lodi. Mahmud defeated this force, and Qutb Khan was taken prisoner and sent to Jaunpur. Before the fighting could begin again, Mahmud died and was succeeded by his eldest son Bhikan, who assumed the title Muhammad Shah and negotiated a peace treaty with the Lodis.[2]

Architecture

The only surviving piece of architecture of his reign is the Lal Darwaza mosque, commissioned by his queen, Bibi Raji.[1]

References
  1. Führer, Alois Anton (1889). The Sharqi Architecture of Jaunpur: With Notes on Zafarabad, Sahet-Mahet and Other Places in the Northwestern Provinces and Oudh. Superintendent of Government Printing, India. pp. 8–10.
  2. Haig, Wolseley (1928). The Cambridge History of India. Vol. III. Cambridge University Press. pp. 228–230, 252–253.
  3. Saeed, Mian Muhammad (1972). The Sharqi of Jaunpur: A Political & Cultural History. University of Karachi. pp. 63–78.
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