Manikganj District

Manikganj (Bengali: মানিকগঞ্জ, romanized: Mānikagañja [mɑnɪkˈɡondʒ]) is a district in central Bangladesh and part of the Dhaka Division. Established in 1845, it was originally a subdivision of Faridpur District (Faridpur Zila). In 1956, it was included under Dhaka District (Dhaka Zila) for administrative purposes. In 1984, Manikganj was declared a full district.[3]

Manikganj
মানিকগঞ্জ
District of Bangladesh
Left to right from top:
Baliati Royal Palace, Saturia, Manikganj‌;
Aricha Ghat; Paturia Ferry Ghat;
Ishwar chandra high school; Bailey bridge;
Teota Jomidar Bari and Navaratna Temple by Nasir Khan
Location of Manikganj District in Bangladesh
Location of Manikganj District in Bangladesh
Expandable map of Manikganj District
Coordinates: 23.85°N 90.01°E / 23.85; 90.01
Country Bangladesh
DivisionDhaka Division
Seat3 parliamentary seats
Government
 • Deputy CommissionerS.M. Ferdous
Area
 • Total1,383.66 km2 (534.23 sq mi)
Population
 (2022 census)[1]
 • Total1,558,024
 • Density1,100/km2 (2,900/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+06:00 (BST)
Postal code
1800
HDI (2018)0.596[2]
medium · 11th of 21
Websitewww.manikganj.gov.bd

History

Manikganj was established in 1845 as a subdivision of Dhaka District.

War of Liberation

The liberation war in 1971 in Manikganj District was organized and led by Abdul Halim Chowdhury, Abdul Matin Chowdhury, Principal Abdur Rouf Khan, and other heroes of the district.

On 29 October 1971, at the northwest corner of Golaidanga village, the Baldhara union (a group of freedom fighters) in Singair Upazila attacked boats carrying intruding Pakistani soldiers and a terrible battle occurred on the Nuruni Ganga (canal of Kaliganga river). Eighty-one Pakistani soldiers were killed, and many others were injured. The operation was led by freedom fighter Engr Tobarak Hossain Ludu, commander of the Mukti Bahini Lodu group. None of the Mukti Bahini freedom fighters were killed during this battle, which was a significant liberation fight against the Pakistani military in Manikgonj.

After this short-duration battle, the Mukti Bahini freedom fighters left the battlefield, and the Pakistani ranks were reinforced with more soldiers. They burnt 160 houses surrounding the area of Golaidanga village and killed 9 local people who were primarily elderly and stayed at home. Some local young boys helped freedom fighters in that ambush.

After the Golaidanga fight, Singair Upazila became free from Pakistani occupation on 13 November 1971. In the last week of November 1971, fresh groups of freedom fighters entered different areas of Manikganj and defeated Pakistani troops in a few battles.

On 14 December 1971, a group of Pakistan Bahini moving toward Dhaka entered Barundi village in Manikganj Sadar Upazila. Meanwhile, a group of liberation forces (Mujib Bahini) under the leadership of Shahadat Hossain Biswas Badal was preparing to attack them within the suitable place. Understanding this, the Pakistani soldiers immediately left the village, leaving two soldiers behind. One of them was arrested by the liberation forces at night on 14 December 1971, and the other was arrested by the same group after a small fight the next day. The then sub-division was declared free on 13 December.

Daulatpur–Saturia tornado

On 26 April 1989, Manikganj was the site of the Daulatpur–Saturia tornado, which became the deadliest tornado in recorded history. 1,300 people were initially reported as having been killed, with 12,000 injured. The towns of Saturia and Manikganj Sadar were leveled, and about 80,000 people were made homeless.

Geography

Manikganj comprises an area of 1,383.66 km2 (534.23 sq mi). Annual average temperatures reach a maximum of 36 °C and a minimum to 12.7 °C with the annual rainfall total being 2,376 mm (93.5 in).

There are several rivers in the Manikganj District,[4] including the Padma River, Kaliganga River, Jamuna River, Dhaleshwari River, and Ichamati River.

Demographics

Population
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1981 1,063,048—    
1991 1,175,909+1.01%
2001 1,285,080+0.89%
2011 1,392,867+0.81%
2022 1,558,024+1.02%
Sources:[1][5]

According to the 2022 Census of Bangladesh, Manikganj District had 393,524 households and a population of 1,558,024, 14.8% of whom lived in urban areas. The population density was 1,126 people per km2. The literacy rate (age 7 and over) was 71.1%, compared to the national average of 74.7%.[1]

Religion
Religion in Manikganj district (2011)[5]
Religion Percent
Islam
 
 90.62%
Hinduism
 
 9.34%
Other or not stated
 
 0.04%

Manikganj District has 3,575 mosques, 160 temples, 10 churches, five Buddhist temples, and a pagoda. The Hindu population has fallen from nearly 150,000 in 1981 to 130,000 in 2011.

Religion in present-day Manikganj District[lower-alpha 1]
Religion Population (1941)[6]: 98–99  Percentage (1941) Population (2011)[5] Percentage (2011)
Islam 419,287 67.84% 1,262,215 90.62%
Hinduism 198,665 32.15% 130,095 9.34%
Other[lower-alpha 2] 73 0.01% 557 0.04%
Total Population 618,025 100% 1,392,867 100%

Economy

There are total 166 haats and bazars in the district, including:

  • Baira Bazar
  • Bahadia Bazar
  • Bangala Bazar
  • Barangail Bazar
  • Butni Bazar
  • Diabari Bazar
  • Gilonda Bazar
  • Gheor Bazar
  • Ghosta Bazar
  • Intazganj Bazar
  • Jamsha Bazar
  • Jhitka Bazar
  • Maluchi Bazar (Balla Bazar)
  • Mohadebpur Bazar
  • Singair Bazar

In addition, 54 fairs (Mela) are held in Manikganj, including:

  • Afaz Paglar Mela (Bathaimuri)
  • Aziz paglar Mela (Kachidhara)
  • Bahadia Boishakhi Mela (Bahadia)
  • Baher Paglar Mela (Bangala)
  • Baher Paglar Mela (Mohadebpur)
  • Baruni Mela (Butni)
  • Belal/Billal Paglar Mela (Harganj)
  • Joymontop Modhor Mela (Joymontop)
  • Kanu Promaniker Mela (Manta, Manikganj Sadar)
  • Majhi Barir Mela (Diabari)
  • Manikganj Bijoy Mela (Manikganj)
  • Poush Mela (Atigram)
  • Rowth Jatra Mela (Katigram)
  • Sadur Mela (Singair)
  • Sadhur Mela (South Jamsha)
  • Sadhinota Mela (Maluchi)
  • Sonatoni Nobo Torun jubo Songgho Soroswati puja (Katigram)
  • Zinda Shah Mela (Jhitka)

Places of interest
  • Baliati Palace
    Baliati Palace
  • Baliati Palace
    Baliati Palace
  • Baliati Palace - backside
    Baliati Palace - backside
  • Padmar Par, Harirampur
  • Teota Jamindar Bari, Shivalaya upazila
  • Taota Noboratna Modh, Shibalaya
  • Narayan Sadhur Asrom
  • Historical Shrine and Mosque of Machaine Village
  • Kabiraj Bari
  • Beutha Bridge
  • Betila Palace
  • Betila Mondir

Subdivisions

The district's upazilas are:

Education
Government Debendra College, Manikgonj

There are 27 colleges in the district,[7] including Government Debendra College, which was founded in 1942,[8] and the private NPI University of Bangladesh, which was founded in 2016. There is one medical school: Colonel Malek Medical College.

According to Banglapedia, notable secondary schools in the district include:[8]

  • Baliati Iswar Chandra High School (founded 1919)
  • Bajpara High School (1995)
  • Barangail Gopal Chandra High School (1924)
  • Dhankora Girish Institution (1917)
  • Diabari High School
  • Dhulla B. M. High School (1920)
  • Ghior D. N. Pilot High School (1929)
  • Hatipara High School
  • Ibrahimpur Iswar Chandra High School (1923)
  • Jamirtta S. G. High School (1921)
  • Jhitka Ananda Mohan High School (1926)
  • Joymontop High School (1921)
  • Kellai Monsur Uddin ML High School (1956)
  • Manikganj Government High School (1884)
  • Manikganj Model High School (1925)
  • Muljan High School, Manikganj (1978)
  • Nali Bararia Krishna Chandra High School (1915)
  • Patgram Anath Bandhu Government High School (1915)
  • Teota Academy (1891)
  • Terosree K. N. Institution (1922)

The madrasa education system includes two fazil madrasas and one kamil madrasa—Manikganj Islamia Kamil Madrasa, founded in 1953.[8][9]

The technical education system includes the Government Textile Vocational Institute Manikganj.

Notable residents

See also

Notes
  1. Manikganj subdivision of Dhaka district
  2. Including Jainism, Christianity, Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Ad-Dharmis, or not stated

References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Manikganj District.
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  2. "Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 18 March 2020.
  3. "About Manikganj". District LGED. Retrieved 2023-03-12.
  4. Bangladesh District Gazetteers:Manikganj. Government of Bangladesh. 1979, pp. 2–8
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  6. "Census of India, 1941 Volume VI Bengal Province" (PDF). Retrieved 13 August 2022.
  7. "List of Colleges". Department of Secondary and Higher Education. Ministry of Education. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
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  9. "Institute List". Bangladesh Madrasah Education Board. Ministry of Education. Retrieved 21 March 2019.
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