María Maluenda

María Adela Maluenda Campos (6 March 1920 – 29 August 2011) was a Chilean actress and politician.[1] She was a militant of the Communist Party and the Party for Democracy, and a member of the Chamber of Deputies from 1965 to 1969 and 1990 to 1994.

Her Excellency
María Maluenda
Deputy of the Republic of Chile
In office
11 March 1990 – 11 March 1994
Succeeded byMaría Antonieta Saa
Constituency17th District, Conchalí, Huechuraba, and Renca
Provisional President of the Chamber of Deputies of Chile
In office
11 March 1990 – 11 March 1990
Succeeded byJosé Antonio Viera-Gallo
Deputy of the Republic of Chile
In office
1965–1969
Constituency7th Departmental Grouping "Santiago", 1st District
Personal details
Born
María Adela Maluenda Campos

(1920-03-06)6 March 1920
Santiago, Chile
Died29 August 2011(2011-08-29) (aged 91)
Santiago, Chile
Resting placeParque del Recuerdo
Political party
SpouseRoberto Parada (1946–1986)
Children
  • José Manuel Parada
  • María Soledad Parada
Alma materUniversity of Chile
OccupationActress, politician

She was an active defender of human rights during the Chilean military dictatorship, especially after the death of her son, the sociologist José Manuel Parada Maluenda in the Caso Degollados (Degollados Case).

Biography

The daughter of Juan Agustín Maluenda Vidaurre and María Campos Gutiérrez, María Maluenda completed her primary and secondary studies at Liceo No. 4 in Recoleta.[2] She attended the University of Chile, where she studied law for one year and pedagogy in Spanish for another. Later she dedicated herself to acting, in which she was self-taught.[3]

In 1941, Maluenda was part of the group that founded the University of Chile's Experimental Theater. Its first production was La guardia cuidadosa, starring Maluenda.[3] Three years later, she was the protagonist of the film Hollywood es así, directed by Jorge Délano, one of the first Chilean talkies.[4] She also performed in radio dramas and worked for the BBC.[3]

In 1946, she married actor Roberto Parada, with whom she had two children, José Manuel and María Soledad.[2][5] Maluenda joined the Communist Party in 1958. She was a member of the Chamber of Deputies for that party for the term 1965–1969, elected by the 7th Departmental Grouping "Santiago", 1st District. During the government of Salvador Allende, she was the ambassador of Chile to Vietnam from 1972 to 1973.[3][6]

On 29 March 1985, her son José Manuel, who worked at the Vicariate of Solidarity, was kidnapped and murdered.[7] His body appeared the next day along with those of two other professionals.[8] The event was known as the Caso Degollados (Degollados Case), and, after investigations, it was learned that the crimes had been perpetrated by agents of the Carabineros Communications Directorate (DICOMCAR).[9]

During the second half of the 1980s, Maluenda participated in the Movement for Free Elections, which sought to end the military regime through enrollment in the electoral registers and the plebiscite. The actress criticized the role of extremist groups, such as the Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front, and she left the Communist Party because of fundamental differences. In 1987, Maluenda participated in the founding of the Party for Democracy.[3]

In the 1989 parliamentary elections, she stood for deputy representing that party in the 17th District, being elected for the legislative term 1990–1994.[10] She was Provisional President of the Chamber on 11 March 1990 and chaired the installation session under the provisions of Article 1 – Transitory, paragraph 2 of Constitutional Law No. 18,918 of the National Congress.[11] She was a member of the Permanent Commission on Foreign Relations, Interparliamentary Affairs, and Latin American Integration, and on Human Rights, Nationality, and Citizenship.

She did not stand for reelection for the next term.

María Maluenda died in Santiago on 29 August 2011.[1] There was a viewing of her remains in the hall of honor of the Santiago seat of the Chamber of Deputies, and her funeral was held on 30 August in the Parque del Recuerdo cemetery.[6][12][13]

References
  1. "Fallece María Maluenda, ex diputada y fundadora del PPD" [María Maluenda Passes Away, Ex-Deputy and Founder of the PPD]. La Tercera (in Spanish). 29 August 2011. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
  2. "Adiós a una valiente: Restos de María Maluenda serán despedidos en el ex Congreso" [Goodbye to a Brave Woman: Remains of María Maluenda Will Be Viewed at the Former Congress] (in Spanish). Radio Tierra. 29 August 2011. Archived from the original on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
  3. Letelier, Jorge (29 August 2011). "María Maluenda, una vida de teatro y activismo" [María Maluenda, a Life of Theater and Activism]. La Tercera (in Spanish). Retrieved 2 November 2018.
  4. "Un recuerdo de María Maluenda en 'Hollywood es así' (1944)". La Nación (in Spanish). 29 August 2011. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
  5. "XIII. Muerte de Roberto Parada" [XIII. Death of Roberto Parada] (PDF). Informe Mensual (in Spanish). Vicariate of Solidarity: 47. November 1986. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
  6. Muñoz, Sylvia (30 August 2011). "María Maluenda, una visionaria en el arte y en la democracia" [María Maluenda, a Visionary in Art and Democracy] (in Spanish). University of Chile. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
  7. "Capítulo III: Derecho a la Vida" [Chapter III: Human Rights] (in Spanish). Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
  8. "Bachelet encabeza acto por 21 años del caso degollados" [Bachelet Leads the Event for the 21st Anniversary of the Caso Degollados] (PDF) (in Spanish). Archivo Chile. 29 March 2006. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
  9. "El crimen de Carabineros que estremeció a Chile" [The Carabineros' Crime That Shook Chile] (PDF) (in Spanish). Archivo Chile. 30 March 2006. Retrieved 2 November 2018.
  10. "Votación Candidatos por Distrito 17" (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. Archived from the original on 24 September 2009. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  11. "Ley 18918: Ley orgánica constitucional del Congreso Nacional" (in Spanish). Ministry of the Interior. 5 February 1990. Retrieved 5 November 2018 – via Library of Congress of Chile.
  12. Cárdenas, Leonardo (29 August 2011). "Santiago: Restos de María Maluenda son velados en el Salón de Honor de la Cámara de Diputados" [Santiago: Viewing of María Maluenda's Remains in the Hall of Honor of the Chamber of Deputies] (in Spanish). Radio Bío-Bío. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
  13. "Emotiva ceremonia marca funeral de María Maluenda" [Emotional Ceremony Marks Funeral of María Maluenda]. La Nación (in Spanish). 30 August 2011. Archived from the original on 31 August 2011. Retrieved 5 November 2018.
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