Peter Sewally

On June 11, 1836, a white mason worker named Robert Haslem solicited sexual services from Sewally, who was working under the name Mary Jones.[1] (Both prostitution and interracial sex were legal in New York at the time.[4]) When Haslem returned home, he realized that his wallet containing 99 dollars was stolen and replaced with an empty wallet belonging to another man. When he found and confronted the owner of the replaced wallet, the man at first denied ownership but eventually admitted that he was pickpocketed by Jones as well. The owner of the wallet claimed he didn't want to report the crime to police out of fear of "exposing himself". Haslem reported the crime to the police the next day. Jones was found by police on midnight of the same day. A police officer found Sewally and pretended to be interested in his sexual services, arresting him on Greene Street. When the officer searched her, he realized that Jones had male genitalia. When the officer searched her room, he found several more men's wallets.[1]

Sewally was tried on June 16, 1836 and appeared in court wearing a wig, white earrings, and a dress. He was subjected to much mockery by the audience of the court for his attire. According to The Sun, a person in the audience grabbed the wig off his head, leading to the court bursting out in laughter.[1]

When asked why he was dressed in feminine attire, he stated:

I have been in the practice of waiting upon Girls of ill fame and made up their Beds and received the Company at the door and received the money for Rooms and they induced me to dress in Women's Clothes, saying I looked so much better in them and I have always attended parties among the people of my own Colour dressed in this way—and in New Orleans I always dressed in this way—

Sewally pled not guilty to the charge of grand larceny. He was sentenced to five years of imprisonment at Sing Sing.[5]

The trial was the focus of much sensational media attention, as media tended to report more on his attire than the crime he committed.[8] A lithograph of Sewally was drawn by H. R. Robinson, calling him "The Man-Monster".[1]

On August 9, 1845, the Commercial Advertiser published a report about Sewally, referred to as "Beefsteak Pete", being arrested again. Sewally got the nickname from the fact that he wore a prosthetic vagina when engaging in sex with men to trick them into thinking he was anatomically female.[5]

On February 15, 1846, the New York Herald reported that Sewally, also referring to her as "Beefsteak Pete", had been freed from Blackwells Island after being imprisoned for six months for "playing up his old game [and] sailing along the street in the full rig of a female."[1] Sewally was arrested a final time in May 1853.[4]

While heavily mocked at the time, Sewally has been celebrated by modern historians for sharing his experience as a gender-variant black person to the prominently white audience of the court. In his book The Amalgamation Waltz, Tavia Nyong'o states that Sewally "transformed shame and stigma not by transcending them or repressing them but by employing them as resources in the production of new modes of meaning and being".[5] The Museum of the City of New York has considered Sewally to be "one of the first known gender variant / transgender people in New York history".[7]

Artist Arthur Jafa featured a re-imagining of what Sewally would have looked like in a self-portrait photograph titled La Scala in his art showcase, A Series of Utterly Improbable, Yet Extraordinary Renditions.[2]

The Brooklyn Museum commissioned filmmaker Tourmaline to create a short film named Salacia focusing on the life of Sewally. The short was screened at the museum from May 3 to December 9, 2019. The short is currently screened by the Museum of Modern Art as part of their permanent collection.[3][9]

Jonathan Ned Katz, in his book Love Stories: Sex Between Men Before Homosexuality, says Sewally grew up with little education, was illiterate, and signed statements with an X. According to Katz, contrast and scandal made Sewally so interesting for the press: during the day Peter Sewally reportedly dressed as a man (except in New Orleans) and at night changed into feminine clothes and the role of Mary (who also went under the names of Miss Ophelia, Miss June, Eliza Smith and Julia Johnson). The Herald and Sun, when Sewally was first accused of theft, stated that Sewally had initially carried out business under the name of Mary Jones without stealing from customers. The antiquated term amalgamation was used by the press to indicate that customers of various races were served, which was not the norm, less than ten years after slavery had been abolished.[1]