Maryamin, Homs

Late 4th century AD "Mosaic of the Musicians" with organ, aulos, oxyvaphi, and lyre from a Byzantine villa in Maryamin[5][6]

Maryamin is believed to be located on the site of a town founded by Ramses II of the New Kingdom of Egypt.[7]

Maryamin, or ancient "Mariamme", was mentioned by Pliny the Elder and in late Roman lists.[8] The town likely served as the capital of the Mariamnitai tribe,[9] but very little mention of the Roman town survives.[8] The Roman Catholic Church still maintains a titular "Bishop of Mariamme".

An important late fourth-century mosaic[6] from the Byzantine era was discovered in the ruins of a villa in Maryamin in 1960.[10] The mosaic has an area of 20 square meters and depicts six female musicians playing instruments. The depiction is one of the few artifacts that give an indication on how the organ was used in antiquity.[5] The other instruments seen in the mosaic are a pair of forked cymbals, a double aulos, an oxyvaphi (a percussion instrument, here consisting of eight yellow-coloured metal bowls played with two sticks), a kithara (a type of lyre), and cymbals.[6] The mosaic is currently displayed at the regional museum of Hama.[10]

The Syrian geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi noted that Maryamin was "one of the villages of Hims" when he visited in 1225, during Ayyubid rule.[11]

In 1929 Maryamin and a number of other Alawite villages in the Masyaf district were transferred to the Alawite State after negotiations with their landlords. The villages' cultivated lands were distributed among the peasantry that worked them.[12] In the early 1960s Maryamin had a population of 600 residents. It was a center for growing grape vines and contained a number of springs.[7]

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