MeadWestvaco

The Mead Corporation was founded as Ellis, Chaflin & Co in 1846.[9][10] In 1856, the name was changed to Weston & Mead.[10] In 1861, it became Mead & Weston.[10] In 1881, the company's name changed again, this time to The Mead Paper Company.[10] In 1890, the Ingham Mill in Chillicothe was purchased by the Mead Paper Company, making it a two mill operation.[11] In June 1906, the mill in Dayton closed and milling operations shifted to the Ingham Mill.[12]

In 1888, Westvaco's predecessor company was founded as Piedmont Pulp & Paper Co.[9][13]

In March 1920, the Mead Fibre Company was created to take over operations of the Kingsport Pulp Corporation in Kingsport, Tennessee.[14][15] In 1921, the Mead Sales Company was formed to sell the Mead Paper Company's projects.[16] In 1928, the Mead Paperboard Corporation was formed to operate mills in Virginia, South Carolina and Tennessee.[16] In 1930, the Mead Corporation was formed to unite the several Mead companies under one umbrella.[16][17]

During the 1930s and '40s, the company acquired several mills and companies, including the Dill and Collins mill in Philadelphia, the Brunswick Pulp and Paper Company in Brunswick, Georgia and the Escanaba Paper Company.[16] It was first listed on the New York Stock Exchange in 1935.[18]

In 1955, Mead acquired the Chillicothe Paper Company and the Jackson Box Company.[19][20] In 1957, Mead acquired Cleveland Paper, a merchant paper distributor.[19]

In 1966, Mead acquired Westab, a school supply company whose product line included the Big Chief tablet, Spiral Notebook brand and Hytone Notebooks.[21][22]

In 1968, Mead entered the information technology sector by acquiring Data Corporation for $6 million and renaming it Mead Data Central.[23] Mead was originally interested in an inkjet printing system developed by Data.[23] However, Data had also been working on a full-text information retrieval system for the U.S. Air Force, and by 1967 had adapted this product to the task of indexing and searching legal precedent as part of an experiment with the Ohio State Bar.[24] After a study led by Arthur D. Little indicated that the product had a profitable future, Mead Data Central launched it as the LEXIS legal research system in 1973.[23] In December 1994, Mead sold the LexisNexis system to Reed Elsevier for $1.5 billion.[25]

The U.S. state of Illinois subsequently audited Mead's income tax returns and charged Mead an additional $4 million in income tax and penalties for the sale of LexisNexis; Mead paid the tax, but sued for a refund in Illinois state court.[26] On April 15, 2008, the U.S. Supreme Court agreed with Mead that the Illinois courts had incorrectly applied the Court's precedents on whether Illinois could constitutionally apply its income tax to Mead, an out-of-state, Ohio-based corporation.[26][27][28] The Court reversed and remanded so that the lower courts could apply the correct test and determine whether Mead and Lexis were a "unitary" business.[26][28]

In the 1960s and '70s, Mead acquired several companies, including the Woodward Corp, an iron company, in 1968, Stanley Furniture of Virginia in 1969 and Murray Rubber in 1977.[19] In 1978, Mead and 13 other companies were sued for violating anti-trust laws.[29] The suit alleged that the companies had collaborated to increase the cost of cardboard containers between March 1973 and December 1975.[29] In 1982, Mead settled an antitrust lawsuit for $45 million.[29]

In 1986, Mead acquired Ampad makers of legal pads which it sold in 1992 to Bain Capital.

Mead acquired the Hilroy Companies in 1994 from a consortium of banks that had purchased Olympia and York from the receiver, O&Y's subsidiary through Abitibi-Price.

In 2005, the Papers business unit—including both Mead and Westvaco paper mills—was sold to the investment firm Cerberus Capital Management for about $2.3 billion. The new company was called NewPage Corporation.

In 2008, MeadWestvaco sold its Charleston, SC kraft paper mill to Kapstone Paper and Packaging.[30] Also in 2008, MeadWestvaco began using the "MWV" brand.[31]

In February 2011, MeadWestvaco sold its Envelope Products Business, including the Columbian Brand Envelope, to Cenveo Corporation's Quality Park Envelope Products Group.

In 2012, ACCO Brands acquired Mead.

In January 2015, MeadWestvaco and Rock-Tenn Co agreed to a merger.[32]