Metasphenisca

Metasphenisca
	Metasphenisca tetrachaeta
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Diptera
Family:	Tephritidae
Subfamily:	Tephritinae
Tribe:	Tephrellini
Genus:	Metasphenisca; Hendel, 1914[1]
Type species
	Trypeta gracilipes; Loew, 1862[2]
Synonyms
	Isoconia Munro, 1947[3];

Metasphenisca is a genus of fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.[4] There are at least 25 described species in the Afrotropical and Oriental Regions. Of these, 20 occur in the continental Afrotropics and two are confined to Madagascar; three species occur in the Arabian Peninsula.[5]

Species

Metasphenisca atricomata Munro, 1947[3]
Metasphenisca axilatra Munro, 1947[3]
Metasphenisca bezziana (Enderlein, 1911)[6]
Metasphenisca bifaria Munro, 1947[3]
Metasphenisca caeca (Bezzi, 1908)[7]
Metasphenisca discocephala Munro, 1947[3]
Metasphenisca ghenti Munro, 1947[3]
Metasphenisca gracilipes (Loew, 1862)[2]
Metasphenisca grandidieri (Bezzi, 1924)[8]
Metasphenisca haematopoda (Bezzi, 1924)[8]
Metasphenisca hazelae Munro, 1947[3]
Metasphenisca interrupta (Munro, 1929)[9]
Metasphenisca longulior (Munro, 1929)[9]
Metasphenisca marmorea Munro, 1947[3]
Metasphenisca micrura Hering, 1942[10]
Metasphenisca negeviana (Freidberg, 1974)[11]
Metasphenisca nigricans (Wiedemann, 1830)[12]
Metasphenisca nigricosta (Bezzi, 1908)[7]
Metasphenisca nigriseta (Bezzi, 1924)[8]
Metasphenisca pallidifemur Hancock, 1991[13]
Metasphenisca parallela Hering, 1935[14]
Metasphenisca parilis Munro, 1947[3]
Metasphenisca quinquemaculata (Macquart, 1846)[15]
Metasphenisca reinhardi (Wiedemann, 1824)[16]
Metasphenisca rubida Munro, 1947[3]
Metasphenisca spathuliniforma Dirlbek & Dirlbek, 1968[17]
Metasphenisca tetrachaeta (Bezzi, 1918)[18]
Metasphenisca transilis Munro, 1947[3]
Metasphenisca zernyi Hering, 1941[19]

References

Hendel, F. (1914). "Die Bohrfliegen Sudamerikas". Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königl. Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Etnographischen Museums zu Dresden. (1912)14: 1–84, 4 pls.
Loew, H. (1862). "Monographs of the Diptera of North America. Part I.". Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 6 (1 [= No. 141]): xxiv + 221.
Munro, H.K. (1947). African Trypetidae (Diptera). A review of the transition genera between Tephritinae and Trypetinae, with a preliminary study of the male terminalia. Southern Africa: Entomological Society of Southern Africa. pp. [viii] + 28.
Norrbom, A.L.; Carroll, L.E.; Thompson, F.C.; White, I.M; Freidberg, A. (1999). "Systematic Database of Names. Pp. 65-252. In Thompson, F. C. (ed.), Fruit Fly Expert Identification System and Systematic Information Database". Myia. 9: vii + 524.
Hancock, D.L.; Freidberg, A.; Friedman, A.-L.-L. (2021). Tephritidae (true fruit flies). Pretoria: South African National Biodiversity Institute. pp. 1669–1734. ISBN 978-1-928224-13-6. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
Enderlein, G. (1911). "Trypetiden-Studien". Zoologischer Jahrbucher (Syst.). 31: 407–460. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
Bezzi, M. (1908). "Ditteri Eritrei raccolti dal Dott. Andreini e dal Prof.Tellini. Parte Seconda. Diptera Cyclorrhapha". Bullettino della Società Entomologica Italiana. 39[1907]: 3–199. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
Bezzi, Mario (1924). "Trypaneides d'Afrique (Dipt.) de la collection du Museum National de Paris. (Suite.) [concl.]". Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris. 1924: 88–91.
Munro, H.K. (1929). "Additional trypetid material in the collection of the South African Museum (Trypetidae, Diptera)". Annals of the South African Museum. 29: 1–39. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
Hering, E.M. (1942). "Neue Gattungen und Arten von Fruchtfliegen aus dem Zoologischen Museum der Universitat Berlin (Dipt.). (41. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Trypetidae)". Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin. 25: 274–291.
Freidberg, A. (1974). "Descriptions of new Tephritidae (Diptera) from Israel". Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa. 37: 49–62. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
Wiedemann, Christian Rudolph Wilhelm (1830). Aussereuropäische Zweiflügelige Insekten. Vol. 2. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
Hancock, D.L. (1991). "Tephrellini (Diptera: Tephritidae: Tephritinae) from Madagascar". Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa. 54 (2): 173–184. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
Hering, E.M. (1935). "Neue Bohrfliegen aus Afrika. (Dipt.) (5. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Trypetidae)" (PDF). Konowia. 14: 154–158. Retrieved 1 March 2021.
Macquart, P.J.M. (1846). Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Supplement. [1]. Lille: Mem. Soc. R. Sci. Agric. Arts. pp. 133–364, 20 pls. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
Wiedemann, Christian Rudolph Wilhelm (1824). Munus rectoris in Academia Christiana Albertina aditurus Analecta entomologica ex Museo Regio Havniens: maxime congesta profert iconibusque illustrat. Kiliae,eregio typoguapheo scholarum. pp. 1–60. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
Dirlbek, Jan; Dirlbek, Karel (1968). "Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Fauna Afghanistans. Trypetidae, Diptera". Cas. Morav. Mus. Ved. Prir. 53 (suppl.): 173–180.
Bezzi, Mario (1918). "Notes on the Ethiopian fruit-flies of the family Trypaneidae, other than Dacus (s.l.) (Dipt.). --II". Bulletin of Entomological Research. 9: 13–46. Retrieved 5 February 2021.
Hering, E.M. (1941). "Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Deutsch-Ostafrikas, insbesondere des Matengo-Hochlandes. I. Diptera: Trypetidae". Annalen der Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. (1940) 51: 193–205.

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[Hendel1914-1] Hendel, F. (1914). "Die Bohrfliegen Sudamerikas". Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königl. Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Etnographischen Museums zu Dresden. (1912)14: 1–84, 4 pls.

[Loew1862-2] Loew, H. (1862). "Monographs of the Diptera of North America. Part I.". Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 6 (1 [= No. 141]): xxiv + 221.

[Munro1947-3] Munro, H.K. (1947). African Trypetidae (Diptera). A review of the transition genera between Tephritinae and Trypetinae, with a preliminary study of the male terminalia. Southern Africa: Entomological Society of Southern Africa. pp. [viii] + 28.

[Norrbom1999-4] Norrbom, A.L.; Carroll, L.E.; Thompson, F.C.; White, I.M; Freidberg, A. (1999). "Systematic Database of Names. Pp. 65-252. In Thompson, F. C. (ed.), Fruit Fly Expert Identification System and Systematic Information Database". Myia. 9: vii + 524.

[Hancock2021-5] Hancock, D.L.; Freidberg, A.; Friedman, A.-L.-L. (2021). Tephritidae (true fruit flies). Pretoria: South African National Biodiversity Institute. pp. 1669–1734. ISBN 978-1-928224-13-6. Retrieved 25 August 2022.

[Enderlein1911-6] Enderlein, G. (1911). "Trypetiden-Studien". Zoologischer Jahrbucher (Syst.). 31: 407–460. Retrieved 21 February 2021.

[Bezzi1908-7] Bezzi, M. (1908). "Ditteri Eritrei raccolti dal Dott. Andreini e dal Prof.Tellini. Parte Seconda. Diptera Cyclorrhapha". Bullettino della Società Entomologica Italiana. 39[1907]: 3–199. Retrieved 24 February 2021.

[Bezzi1924-8] Bezzi, Mario (1924). "Trypaneides d'Afrique (Dipt.) de la collection du Museum National de Paris. (Suite.) [concl.]". Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris. 1924: 88–91.

[Munro1929-9] Munro, H.K. (1929). "Additional trypetid material in the collection of the South African Museum (Trypetidae, Diptera)". Annals of the South African Museum. 29: 1–39. Retrieved 1 February 2021.

[Hering1942-10] Hering, E.M. (1942). "Neue Gattungen und Arten von Fruchtfliegen aus dem Zoologischen Museum der Universitat Berlin (Dipt.). (41. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Trypetidae)". Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin. 25: 274–291.

[Freidberg1974-11] Freidberg, A. (1974). "Descriptions of new Tephritidae (Diptera) from Israel". Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa. 37: 49–62. Retrieved 11 February 2021.

[Wiedemann1830-12] Wiedemann, Christian Rudolph Wilhelm (1830). Aussereuropäische Zweiflügelige Insekten. Vol. 2. Retrieved 21 April 2020.

[Hancock1991-13] Hancock, D.L. (1991). "Tephrellini (Diptera: Tephritidae: Tephritinae) from Madagascar". Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa. 54 (2): 173–184. Retrieved 1 March 2021.

[Hering1935-14] Hering, E.M. (1935). "Neue Bohrfliegen aus Afrika. (Dipt.) (5. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Trypetidae)" (PDF). Konowia. 14: 154–158. Retrieved 1 March 2021.

[Macquart1846-15] Macquart, P.J.M. (1846). Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Supplement. [1]. Lille: Mem. Soc. R. Sci. Agric. Arts. pp. 133–364, 20 pls. Retrieved 5 December 2020.

[Wiedemann1824-16] Wiedemann, Christian Rudolph Wilhelm (1824). Munus rectoris in Academia Christiana Albertina aditurus Analecta entomologica ex Museo Regio Havniens: maxime congesta profert iconibusque illustrat. Kiliae,eregio typoguapheo scholarum. pp. 1–60. Retrieved 11 May 2020.

[DirlbekDirlbek1968-17] Dirlbek, Jan; Dirlbek, Karel (1968). "Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Fauna Afghanistans. Trypetidae, Diptera". Cas. Morav. Mus. Ved. Prir. 53 (suppl.): 173–180.

[Bezzi1918-18] Bezzi, Mario (1918). "Notes on the Ethiopian fruit-flies of the family Trypaneidae, other than Dacus (s.l.) (Dipt.). --II". Bulletin of Entomological Research. 9: 13–46. Retrieved 5 February 2021.

[Hering1941-19] Hering, E.M. (1941). "Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Insektenfauna Deutsch-Ostafrikas, insbesondere des Matengo-Hochlandes. I. Diptera: Trypetidae". Annalen der Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. (1940) 51: 193–205.