Metzad Mahmal

Ma'ale Mahmal is the steep section, where the Incense Route overcomes the main natural obstacle in its path, the northern cliff of Ramon Crater. The ascent is a narrow path, about 200 meters long, that goes up to the top of the cliff. This climb is one of the most difficult sections of the Incense Route as its average width is one meter, and it requires walking in a row of both people and pack animals. Most probably the fundamental work of clearing the path and adapting it to regular caravan traffic was done by the Romans, who improved the ancient Nabatean route.[1]

The site was first surveyed in 1937 by George Kirk, who was also the first to survey Ma'ale Machmel. In 1960 the site was surveyed by his son, Beno Rothenberg (בנו רותנברג), and Mordechai Gichon. In 1965, a test excavation was conducted at the site by an archaeologist of the Negev District of the Antiquities Authority, Rudolf Cohen, as part of a survey of the Incense Route between Shaar Ramon and Avdat. In December 1982, a rescue excavation was conducted at the site, under the direction of Cohen.

A building was discovered at the site that previously included two floors, measuring 7 meters by 6.5 meters and containing two rooms. The first and older floor is dated based on the ceramics to the first century AD, and the later one is dated based on late Nabatean ceramics and two coins of roman emperor Gallienus to the third century AD.[1]

About 500 meters north of the sstronghold is a built water pool, measuring 8 meters by 4.8 meters, whose capacity probably exceeded 150 cubic meters. It was covered by a stone ceiling supported by arches, and was filled by a drainage canal, which descends to it from the northeast.[1]

• The Incense Route by Israel Nature and Parks Authority