Beta Carinae

Beta Carinae is the second-brightest star in the southern constellation of Carina. It has the official name Miaplacidus;[12] Beta Carinae is the star's Bayer designation, which is Latinised from β Carinae and abbreviated Beta Car or β Car. With apparent magnitude of 1.68,[8] it is one of the brightest stars in the night sky. It is the brightest star in the southern asterism known as the Diamond Cross, marking the southwestern end of the asterism. It lies near the planetary nebula IC 2448. Parallax measurements place it at a distance of 113.2 light-years (34.7 parsecs) from the Sun.[2]

β Carinae
Location of β Carinae (circled)
Observation data
Epoch J2000      Equinox J2000
Constellation Carina
Pronunciation /ˌmaɪəˈplæsɪdəs/[1]
Right ascension 09h 13m 11.97746s[2]
Declination −69° 43′ 01.9473″[2]
Apparent magnitude (V) 1.69[3]
Characteristics
Spectral type A1III[4]
U−B color index +0.03[5]
B−V color index +0.00[5]
Astrometry
Radial velocity (Rv)−5.2[6] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: −156.47[2] mas/yr
Dec.: +108.95[2] mas/yr
Parallax (π)28.82 ± 0.11 mas[2]
Distance113.2 ± 0.4 ly
(34.7 ± 0.1 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)−1.03[7]
Details
Mass3.5[8] M☉
Radius6.8[8] R☉
Luminosity288[8] L☉
Surface gravity (log g)3.16[4] cgs
Temperature8,866[4] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]−0.36[4] dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)145.7±2.2[9] km/s
Age260[10] Myr
Other designations
Miaplacidus, CD−69 600, FK5 348, HD 80007, HIP 45238, HR 3685, SAO 250495[11]
Database references
SIMBADdata

Nomenclature

β Carinae (Latinised to Beta Carinae) is the star's Bayer designation.

The star's historical name Miaplacidus made its debut on star maps in 1856 when the star atlas Geography of the Heavens, composed by Elijah Hinsdale Burritt, was published. The meaning and linguistic origin of the name remained an enigma for many decades, until William Higgins, a great scholar and expert on star names, surmised that the name Miaplacidus is apparently a bilingual combination of Arabic مياه miyāh for 'waters' and Latin placidus for 'placid'. The IAU Working Group on Star Names first bulletin of July 2016 included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN; which included Miaplacidus for this star.[13]

In Chinese, 南船 (Nán Chuán), meaning Southern Boat, refers to an asterism consisting of β Carinae, V337 Carinae, PP Carinae, θ Carinae and ω Carinae.[14] Consequently, β Carinae itself is known as 南船五 (Nán Chuán wǔ, English: the Fifth Star of Southern Boat).[15]

Physical properties

The stellar classification of A1 III[4] suggests this is an evolved giant star, although Malagnini and Morossi (1990) rated it as an A2 IV subgiant star.[8] It has an estimated age of 260 million years.[10] This star does not show an excess emission of infrared radiation that might otherwise suggest the presence of a debris disk.[10] It has about 3.5 times the Sun's mass and has expanded to almost seven times the radius of the Sun.[8] Presently it is radiating 288 times as much luminosity as the Sun[8] from its outer envelope at an effective temperature of 8,866 K.[4] Despite its enlarged girth, this star still shows a rapid rotation rate, with a projected rotational velocity of 146 km/s.[9]

References
  1. Kunitzsch, Paul; Smart, Tim (2006). A Dictionary of Modern star Names: A Short Guide to 254 Star Names and Their Derivations (2nd rev. ed.). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Sky Pub. ISBN 978-1-931559-44-7.
  2. van Leeuwen, Floor (November 2007), "Validation of the new Hipparcos reduction", Astronomy and Astrophysics, 474 (2): 653–664, arXiv:0708.1752v1, Bibcode:2007A&A...474..653V, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20078357, S2CID 18759600 Note: see VizieR catalogue I/311.
  3. Ducati, J. R. (2002). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: Catalogue of Stellar Photometry in Johnson's 11-color system". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2237: 0. Bibcode:2002yCat.2237....0D.
  4. Gray, R. O.; et al. (July 2006), "Contributions to the Nearby Stars (NStars) Project: spectroscopy of stars earlier than M0 within 40 pc-The Southern Sample", The Astronomical Journal, 132 (1): 161–170, arXiv:astro-ph/0603770, Bibcode:2006AJ....132..161G, doi:10.1086/504637, S2CID 119476992
  5. Johnson, H. L.; et al. (1966), "UBVRIJKL photometry of the bright stars", Communications of the Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, 4 (99): 99, Bibcode:1966CoLPL...4...99J
  6. Wielen, R.; et al. (1999), "Sixth Catalogue of Fundamental Stars (FK6). Part I. Basic fundamental stars with direct solutions", Veröff. Astron. Rechen-Inst. Heidelb, Astronomisches Rechen-Institut Heidelberg, 35 (35): 1, Bibcode:1999VeARI..35....1W
  7. Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch. (2012), "XHIP: An extended hipparcos compilation", Astronomy Letters, 38 (5): 331, arXiv:1108.4971, Bibcode:2012AstL...38..331A, doi:10.1134/S1063773712050015, S2CID 119257644.
  8. Malagnini, M. L.; Morossi, C. (November 1990), "Accurate absolute luminosities, effective temperatures, radii, masses and surface gravities for a selected sample of field stars", Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series, 85 (3): 1015–1019, Bibcode:1990A&AS...85.1015M
  9. Díaz, C. G.; et al. (July 2011), "Accurate stellar rotational velocities using the Fourier transform of the cross correlation maximum", Astronomy & Astrophysics, 531: A143, arXiv:1012.4858, Bibcode:2011A&A...531A.143D, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201016386, S2CID 119286673
  10. Su, K. Y. L.; et al. (December 2006), "Debris Disk Evolution around A Stars", The Astrophysical Journal, 653 (1): 675–689, arXiv:astro-ph/0608563, Bibcode:2006ApJ...653..675S, doi:10.1086/508649, S2CID 14116473
  11. "* bet Car". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2005-11-05.
  12. "IAU Catalog of Star Names". Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  13. "Bulletin of the IAU Working Group on Star Names, No. 1" (PDF). Retrieved 28 July 2016.
  14. (in Chinese) 中國星座神話, written by 陳久金. Published by 台灣書房出版有限公司, 2005, ISBN 978-986-7332-25-7.
  15. (in Chinese) 香港太空館 - 研究資源 - 亮星中英對照表 Archived 2011-01-30 at the Wayback Machine, Hong Kong Space Museum. Accessed on line November 23, 2010.
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