Mikołaj Hussowczyk

Mikołaj Hussowczyk (Belarusian: Мікола Гусоўскі/Mikola Husoŭski, Lithuanian: Mikalojus Husovianas, Latin: Nicolaus Hussovianus). Other name spelling variants include Hussoviensis, Hussovianus, Ussovius, Hussowski, Gusowski); (c. 1480[lower-alpha 1] – c. 1533[lower-alpha 2]) was an early Renaissance poet and humanist of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and a cultural and social activist. His most notable work is the poem Carmen de statura...bisontis (Song about...the bison).

Nicolaus Hussovianus
Hussovianus' book The Song about Bison, Its Stature, Ferocity and Hunt is the first large fiction work about Lithuania

Biography

Little is known of his life, except during the 1520s. His place of birth is alternatively stated as Husów/Hussowo near Łańcut or in an unspecified Belarusian village with similar-sounding name [1] (there are many Belarusian toponyms of the Usava, Husau, Usa kind. Some folkloristic features in the works of Husowski may point to regions in the vicinity of Hrodna).

He was probably a student of Kraków Academy since 1504.[2] Before 1515 he became cleric of Diocese of Przemyśl and public notary of the Holy See.[2] Hussowczyk served the Grand Treasurer of the Crown Andrzej Kościelecki and prepared his last will when he was one death bed in Pszczyna in 1515.[3]

Next Hussowczyk became a courtier of Grand Chancellor of Lithuania Mikołaj Radzwiłł. At his request Hussowczyk prepared the last will of Radzwiłł's cousin Zofia Sudymuntówna in 1518.[4] In 1521 he travelled to Rome with a stuffed European bison, which was supposed to be a gift from Mikołaj Radzwiłł to Pope Leon X. In Rome, Hussowczyk met Erazm Ciołek, the Bishop of Płock. At this occasion Hussowczyk prepared Carmen de statura...bisontis. Sadly both gifts turned out to be redundant, because pope died in December 1521, before giving the audience.[5]

Ciołek died in 1522 and Radzwiłł's a year before, so Hussowczyk deprived of a patron settled down in Kraków, where he probably had his ordination.[1]

Hussowczyk was active in both the Crown and Lithuania, along with his uncertain birthplace, modern Polish, Lithuanian and Belarusian researchers tend to ascribe works of Hussowczyk to their respective cultural heritages.[6]

Works

Per the scope of his literary works, Hussowczyk is considered to be the founder of the Belarusian Renaissance literary tradition,[7] and author of the oldest examples of Polish-Latin poetry of the early Renaissance.[1] Hussowczyk wrote in publicistical, epic, heroic, lyrical, historical and satirical genres.

His Latin poem Carmen de statura, feritate ac venatione bisontis ("A Song about the Appearance, Savagery and Hunting of the Bison", Kraków 1523) is considered to be the first large scale fictional work about Medieval Lithuania (or Belarus),[6] describing the bison's life and habits, Lithuania's landscape and the relationship of its inhabitants with the environment.[8] Written in Latin for Pope Leo X, an avid hunter, the poem stems from Hussowczyk's experience in hunting and observing bison, and contains no literary comparisons with ancient legendary creatures. Due to the deaths of both the Pope and Hussowczyk's patron, bishop Ciołek, the poem was eventually presented to Polish Queen Bona in Kraków.[1] According to Polish researcher Edmund Kotarski, Hussowczyk belonged to the circle of Polish-Latin poets of the early Renaissance.[1]

His best known works are:

See also

Notes
  1. Date of Hussowczyk's birth is not certain, established as between 1475 and 1485 (Kotarski).
  2. It is also not known when he died; he was definitely still alive in 1533 (Kotarski).

References
  1. Edmund Kotarski, Mikołaj HUSSOWSKI (Hussowczyk, Hussovius, z Hussowa), VIRTUAL LIBRARY OF POLISH LITERATURE, University of Gdańsk
  2. Wróbel 2018, p. 690.
  3. Wróbel 2018, p. 691.
  4. Wróbel 2018, p. 692.
  5. Wróbel 2018, pp. 694–697.
  6. (Darashkyevich) Віктар Дарашкевіч. Паэма жыцця // Песня пра зубра, Мінск, 1980. pp. 171—184.
  7. Per respective entry in Encyclopedia of Belarusian Literature and Arts.
  8. "Mikalojus Husovianas. Giesmė apie stumbrą" (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 2007-09-22.

Further reading
  • Jerzy Ochmański Narodowość Mikołaja Hussowskiego w świetle jego autografu w: Słowiańszczyzna i dzieje powszechne Warszawa 1985 s. 317
  • J. Pelczar, Mikołaj Hussowski, jego życie i dzieła. Ustęp z dziejów humanizmu w Polsce, Kraków 1900,
  • J. Krókowski, Mikołaja Hussowskiego Carmen de bisonte, Wrocław 1959,
  • C. Backvis, Mikołaj z Hussowa, w: Tegoż, Szkice o kulturze staropolskiej, Warsawa 1975.
  • J. Ziomek, Renesans, Warszawa 1998.
  • Entry in Polski Słownik Biograficzny
  • F. Booth, Song of the Bison: Text and Translation of Nicolaus Hussovianus's "Carmen de statura, feritate, ac venatione bisontis" (English and Latin Edition) Leeds: Arc Humanities Press; (December 31, 2019).
  • Wróbel, Wiesław (2018). "Uzupełnienia do biografii Mikołaja Hussowskiego, autora "Carmen de statura, feritate ac venatione bisontis"". In Guzowski, P.; Liedke, M.; Boroda, K. (eds.). Inter Regnum et Ducatum. Studia ofiarowane Profesorowi Janowi Tęgowskiemu w siedemdziesiątą rocznicę urodzin. Białystok. pp. 689–699.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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