Minimum wage in Canada

Under the Constitution of Canada, the responsibility for enacting and enforcing labour laws, including the minimum wage, rests primarily with the ten Provinces of Canada. The three Territories of Canada have a similar power, delegated to them by federal legislation. Some provinces allow lower wages to be paid to liquor servers and other gratuity earners or to inexperienced employees.

The Government of Canada has the constitutional authority to set minimum wages only for employees within federal jurisdiction, such as federal public servants and workers in industries that are under federal regulatory jurisdiction, such as banks, airlines and interprovincial railways. The federal government earlier set its own minimum wage rates for workers under its jurisdiction. In 1996, however, the federal minimum wage was re-defined to be the general adult minimum wage rate of the province or territory where the work is performed. Following the 2021 budget, the Government of Canada reestablished a federal minimum wage for federally regulated industries on December 29, 2021.[1]

Demographics

In 2013, 50% of minimum wage workers were between the ages of 15 and 19; in 1997, it was 36%. 50.2% of workers in this age group were paid minimum wage in 2013, an increase from 31.5% in 1997. Statistics Canada notes that "youth, women and persons with a low level of education were the groups most likely to be paid at minimum wage."[2]

According to one study, in 2019, 62% of people on minimum wage in Quebec worked part time, and 61% were aged 15 to 24.[3]

Minimum wage levels by jurisdiction

Assuming a 40-hour workweek and 52 paid weeks per year, the annual gross employment income of an individual earning the minimum wage in Canada is between C$29,120 (in Saskatchewan) and C$34,881.60 (in Yukon).[4]

The following table lists the hourly minimum wages for adult workers in each province and territory of Canada. The provinces which have their minimum wages in bold allow for lower wages under circumstances which are described under the "Comments" heading.

Note: The following table can be sorted by Jurisdiction, Wage, or Effective date using the icon.

Jurisdiction Wage (C$/h) [4] Effective date Comments Indexation Formula

("CPI" refers to Statistics Canada's Consumer Price Index — All-items)

Federal16.65 April 1, 2023 For workers under federal jurisdiction only. The provincial or territorial minimum wage applies if it is higher. Each April 1, based on Canada CPI for the previous calendar year.[5]
Alberta[6]15.00 October 1, 2018
  • Students under age 18 (working during a school break, summer holidays, or 28 hours or less per week while school is in session): $13.00
British Columbia16.75 June 1, 2023
Manitoba[7]15.30 October 1, 2023
  • Workers in the construction industry (industrial, commercial, institutional, or heavy construction sectors): rates based on occupational classification
 Each October 1, based on Manitoba CPI for the previous calendar year, unless the government decrees a freeze due to economic conditions.[8] There were additional increases of $1.15 on October 1, 2022, and $0.65 on April 1, 2023.[9]
New Brunswick14.75 April 1, 2023 Each April 1, based on New Brunswick CPI for the previous calendar year. The minimum wage was lifted to $12.75 on April 1, 2022, and there was an additional increase of $1.00 on October 1, 2022.[10]
Newfoundland and Labrador15.00 October 1, 2023 Each April 1 (resuming in 2024), based on Canada CPI for the previous calendar year.[11] There were additional increases of $0.50 on October 1, 2020, $0.25 on April 1, 2021, $0.25 on October 1, 2021,[12] $0.50 on October 1, 2022 and $0.50 on October 1, 2023. On April 1, 2023, the minimum wage was increased by $0.80 in lieu of indexation.[13]
Northwest Territories16.05 September 1, 2023 Each September 1 (started in 2023), based on the changes in the Yellowknife CPI and in the average hourly wage in the Northwest Territories as measured by Statistics Canada for the previous calendar year.[14]
Nova Scotia15.00 October 1, 2023 Each April 1 (resuming in 2024), based on Canada CPI for January through November of the previous calendar year plus, starting in 2024, 1%.[15] In 2019 and 2021, an extra $0.30 was added before applying indexation. In 2020, the minimum wage was increased by $1.00 in lieu of indexation. There were additional increases of $0.25 on October 1, 2022 and $0.50 on October 1, 2023. On April 1, 2023, the minimum wage was increased by $0.90 in lieu of indexation.
Nunavut16.00 April 1, 2020
Ontario[16]16.55 October 1, 2023
  • Students under age 18 (working during a school break, summer holidays, or 28 hours or less per week while school is in session): $15.60
  • Homeworkers (employees who do paid work in their own homes - includes students and supersedes the student wage): $18.20
 Each October 1 (resumed in 2020), based on Ontario CPI for the previous calendar year.[17] There was an additional increase of $0.65 on January 1, 2022.
Prince Edward Island15.00 October 1, 2023
Québec[18]15.25 May 1, 2023
Saskatchewan14.00 October 1, 2023 To be increased to $15.00 on October 1, 2024 Each October 1 (resuming in 2025), based on the average of the changes in the Saskatchewan CPI and in the average hourly wage in Saskatchewan as measured by Statistics Canada for the previous calendar year, subject to Cabinet approval.[19] The minimum wage was lifted to $13.00 on October 1, 2022, and there was an increase of $1.00 in lieu of indexation on October 1, 2023.[20]
Yukon16.77 April 1, 2023 Each April 1, based on Whitehorse CPI for the previous calendar year.[21] In 2019, an extra $0.90 was added before applying indexation. In 2020, an extra $0.75 was added after applying indexation. In 2021, an extra $1.35 was added on August 1.

See also

References
  1. "Federal minimum wage to rise to $15 per hour on December 29". December 17, 2021.
  2. Galarneau, Diane; Fecteau, Eric (June 5, 2014). "The ups and downs of minimum wage". Statistics Canada. Retrieved July 17, 2014.
  3. Suburban, Joel Goldenberg The. "Quebec right to avoid significant minimum wage hike: MEI". The Suburban Newspaper. Retrieved February 11, 2022.
  4. "Current And Forthcoming Minimum Hourly Wage Rates For Experienced Adult Workers in Canada". services.gc.ca.
  5. "Canada Labour Code". laws-lois.justice.gc.ca.
  6. "Minimum wage". alberta.ca. Retrieved February 7, 2020.
  7. "Employment Standards - Employment Standards". gov.mb.ca.
  8. "Manitoba Laws". gov.mb.ca.
  9. "Minimum Wage Additional Adjustment Regulation". gov.mb.ca.
  10. "Minimum Wage Employment Standards Act". gnb.ca.
  11. "CNLR 781/96 - Labour Standards Regulations under the Labour Standards Act". www.assembly.nl.ca.
  12. "Provincial Government Announces Increases to Minimum Wage". www.gov.nl.ca. February 21, 2020.
  13. "Provincial Government Releases Minimum Wage Review Committee Report".
  14. "Minimum Wage - Education, Culture and Employment". ece.gov.nt.ca.
  15. "Minimum Wage Order (General) - Labour Standards Code (Nova Scotia)". novascotia.ca.
  16. "Minimum wage".
  17. "Employment Standards Act, 2000, S.O. 2000, c. 41". ontario.ca. January 1, 2019.
  18. "Wages - Employees receiving tips - CNESST". www.cnesst.gouv.qc.ca.
  19. "The Minimum Wage Regulations, 2014" (PDF). gov.sk.ca.
  20. "Minimum Wage Will Increase to $13 Per Hour This Year, $15 by 2024". saskatchewan.ca.
  21. "Order-in-Council 2021/103, Employment Standards Act" (PDF). laws.yukon.ca. July 28, 2021. Retrieved August 1, 2021.

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