Ministry of Industry (Japan)

The Ministry of Public Works (工部省, Kōbushō) was a cabinet-level ministry in the Daijō-kan system of government of the Meiji period Empire of Japan from 1870 to 1885. It is also sometimes referred to as the “Ministry of Engineering” or “Ministry of Industry”.[1]

History

The Cabinet officially announced the establishment of the Public Works on December 12, 1870, by the advice of Edmund Morel, chief engineer of the Railway Construction to achieve rapid social and industrial development. After long arguments of 10 months, on September 28, 1871, the Meiji government completed arrangement of organization of 11 departments, which were mostly transferred from the Ministry of Civil Affairs. It included railroads, shipyards, lighthouses, mines, an iron and steel industry, telecommunication, civil works, manufacturing, industrial promotion, engineering institution and survey.[2] Each department had to be relied on the foreign advisor and officer for a while,[3] but gradually replaced them with Japanese engineers, who received training in the Engineering Institution. Main function of the Engineering Institution was to manage the Imperial College of Engineering (the predecessor of the Tokyo Imperial University College of Engineering). One of the key roles of the ministry was locating, and if necessary, reverse engineering overseas technology. For example, in 1877, only a year after the invention of the telephone, engineers employed by the ministry had obtained examples and were attempting to create a domestic version.[4] By the mid-1880s, many of the industries created by the Ministry of Industry were privatized. With the establishment of the cabinet system under the Meiji Constitution on December 22, 1885, the ministry was abolished, with its functions divided between the new Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce and the Ministry of Communications.

Ministry hierarchy
Minister and Vice Ministers[5]
NameKanjiin officeout of office
Minister (工部卿, Kōbu-kyō)
Itō Hirobumi伊藤 博文October 25, 1873May 15, 1878
Inoue Kaoru井上 馨July 29, 1878September 10, 1879
Yamada Akiyoshi山田 顕義September 10, 1879February 28, 1880
Yamao Yōzō山尾 庸三February 28, 1880October 21, 1881
Sasaki Takayuki佐々木 高行October 21, 1881December 22, 1885
Vice-Minister (工部大輔, Kōbu-taifu)
Yamao Yōzō山尾 庸三October 27, 1872February 28, 1880
Yoshii Tomozane吉井 友実June 17, 1880January 10, 1882
Inoue Masaru井上 勝July 8, 1882December 22, 1885

References
  • Smith, Thomas Carlyle (1955). Political Change and Industrial Development in Japan. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-0469-4.
  • Nelson, Richard R (1993). National Innovation Systems : A Comparative Analysis: A Comparative Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-536043-5.
  • Fukasaku, Yukiko (2013). Technology and Industrial Growth in Pre-War Japan:. Routledge. ISBN 1-134-96401-3.
  • Morris-Suzuki, Teresa (1994). The Technological Transformation of Japan. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-42492-5.

Notes
  1. Morris-Suzuki. The Technological Transformation of Japan. page 73.
  2. Hideo Izumida: Reconsideration of Foundation of Ministry of Public Works, Transaction of Japan Institution of Architecture, 2016.
  3. Fukasaku. Technology and Industrial Growth in Pre-War Japan. Pages 18, 40
  4. Nelson. National Innovation Systems. Page 95
  5. "太政官時代". Archived from the original on 2012-07-10. Retrieved 2014-01-09.
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