Miss International Queen

The Miss International Queen official website states that the beauty pageant was established with the intent to, "offer an international competition for transgender women from around the world and to provide an opportunity for transgender women to be more accepted in today's world, to create transgender rights awareness among international communities and to build friendship and exchange ideas among international lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender/transsexual communities."[3]

The contestants must have been born male, can be pre- or post-operation and between the ages of 18 and 35. In addition, participants can only represent their country of birth or that listed in their passport and must not have previously joined any publication/website/adult film/prostitution showcasing nudity. Previous winners or runner-up contestants are not allowed to join again. Repeat non-placement candidates are allowed to re-submit their credentials and application.

Only about 25 semi-final contestants chosen would go on to compete in the final round and are required to participate in two weeks of activities: photo shoots, luncheons with city officials, dinner with the press, sponsor visits and community outreach, similar conditions to competitors in other beauty pageants. The final show will be aired on Thai television as well as live online streaming.

In 2011, the crown for Miss International Queen Crown was re-designed by an inspiration of butterflies and the crown of Lady Liberty. The butterflies were intended to symbolize beauty found in nature and the idea of rebirth. The crown remains with the Miss International Queen Organization at an estimated value of US$10,000.[4] The Miss International Queen winner receives cash prize of 450,000 Thai baht (about US$15,000), many sponsor gifts, an apartment at Woodlands Resort Pattaya during her reign and memories that last a lifetime.

Miss International Queen is a registered trademark and a non-profit sector of the organizer Tiffany's Show Pattaya Co., Ltd., world's largest transgender cabaret show since 1974 and sponsored by Tourism Authority of Thailand. All the monetary profits of the final televised show goes to the Royal Charity AIDS Foundation of Thailand.

According to recent studies, transgender individuals are often the victims of social and political discrimination.[5] The Miss International Queen pageant offers contestants the opportunity to compete and showcase their talent and beauty in an LGBTQ friendly environment.

Recent events have drawn attention to the treatment of transgender pageant contestants and how their personal identification impacts their eligibility. There have been instances where transgender and transsexual pageant winners have lost their title for not being "transgender enough".[6] On the other hand, certain participants have also been disqualified from cisgender female pageants for not being a "natural born female". In 2012, Jenna Talackova who participated in Miss International Queen in 2010 was disqualified from Miss Universe Canada on the basis of competing as a woman when she was born a male. Supporters of Talackova argue that there were no rules explicitly banning transsexuals from competing.[7] Talackova joined in the 2010 Miss International Queen competition. This instance sparked a debate as to how Talackova's gender identification affected her eligibility to compete in both competitions.[8] Talackova argued that if she was transgender, she could participate in transgender pageants. At the same time, if she identified as a woman, she would have had the right to participate fairly in the Miss Universe Canada competition.[9] Jenna Talackova's case is one that brings awareness to the public perception and personal opinions pertaining to transgenders competing in pageants.[10]

A similar case occurred later in 2016 when the winner of the Miss Transgender UK, Jai Dara Latto, was stripped of her title after pageant organizers claimed she was not living "full time" as a woman. This was after footage was uncovered of Latto walking around in boxers rather than female undergarments. Latto was pegged as a "drag queen" rather than a transgender woman and proceeded to forfeit her pageant title and earnings. Latto pledged to walk thirty miles in high heels in honor of transgender rights after the allegations.[6]

Both Talackova and Latto's cases raise the question as to who is eligible to win a cisgender pageant and also what qualifications or standards must be met in order for a transgender pageant winner to retain her title. Participants are eligible to compete and win the title of Miss International Queen if they were born male and their sexual or gender identification is that of a female. These recent events have sparked a debate involving the social inclusion and equality that is associated with an individual's sexual and gender identification.[5]

General attitudes towards pageants like Miss International Queen vary among members of the population. Studies have suggested that some people are in favor of transgender inclusion in beauty pageants, while others argue that it is only fair that they compete in pageants that are exclusively for transgender contestants.[5] Although the premise of pageants has varying opinions as well, competitions like Miss International Queen offer the same opportunity to transgender women that individuals who were born female and identify as one have. Recent publications and studies claim that beauty pageants have negative impacts, while other sources suggest that pageants portray the intersectionality and dynamics of gender politics, sexual orientation, and cultural stigmas.[11]

Thailand is well known for its high rates of sex tourism, especially in Pattaya. Miss International Queen pageant and its organization is aiming to show the transgender women that there are alternative career choices. Kathoey typically refers to a transgender woman or a very feminine acting male. A kathoey is often called a ladyboy in the English language.[12] Although Thailand is much more accepting of transgender people than most other countries, the LQBTQ+ community remains stigmatized. Cultural norms still suggest that someone's hobbies, mannerisms, and interests should match one's gender. So, even though kathoeys are accepted in society, a cisgender male working a typically female job is still looked down upon.[13] But, in October 1997, Thailand released a constitution that called for equal rights and treatment for all people, regardless of race, sex, gender, and more. Therefore, Thai culture slowly started to accept all individuals.

Trans culture is very prevalent in Thailand due to extensive medical research done and sex-change surgeries. The first documented sex change in Thailand was in 1975, and attitudes and surgical techniques have improved much since then. On 25 November 2009, the Thailand Medical Council released a policy that was titled "Criteria for the treatment of sex change, Census 2009". Since this policy change, ninety percent of those who received a sex change operation are foreigners to Thailand.[14] With this much tourism based solely off of sex reassignment surgery, Thailand's transgender community has not only grown, but trans individuals in Thai society are accepted on a much larger scale and will continue to be so in the future if the trend continues.

Transgender beauty pageants like Miss International Queen celebrate the contestants and promote awareness of the transgender community. Studies have shown that competing in prestigious beauty pageants are linked to higher levels of self-esteem.[15] These higher levels of self-esteem can stem from a stronger sense of identity experienced after competing against other transgender women. However, finishing as winners or runners-up in the beauty pageants did not further increase levels of self-esteem and confidence.[15] Instead, simply increasing the number of competitions were found to be much more effective in raising self-esteem.[15] This information shows that the result of the beauty pageant is less important in terms of self-esteem than participation in the beauty pageant itself.

No pageant held in 2008 [lower-alpha 1], 2017 [lower-alpha 2] and 2021. [lower-alpha 3]

Year	Country	Titleholder	National Title	Venue	Entrants	Ref
2023	Netherlands	Solange Dekker	Miss International Queen Netherlands	Pattaya city, Chonburi	22	[20]
2022	Philippines	Fuschia Anne Ravena	Miss International Queen Philippines		23	[21]
2021 No pageant held due to the COVID-19 pandemic
2020	Mexico	Valentina Fluchaire	Miss Trans Nacional México	Pattaya city, Chonburi	21
2019	United States	Jazell Barbie Royale	Miss USA Continental		20
2018	Vietnam	Nguyễn Hương Giang	Miss International Queen Vietnam		28
2017 No contest due to the death of King Bhumibol Adulyadej
2016	Thailand	Jiratchaya Sirimongkolnawin	Miss Tiffany's Universe	Pattaya city, Chonburi	28
2015	Philippines	Trixie Maristela	Miss Gay Manila		26	[17]
2014	Venezuela	Isabella Santiago	Miss Gay Venezuela		21
2013	Brazil	Marcela Ohio	Miss T Brasil		25	[22]
2012	Philippines	Kevin Balot	Miss Gay Philippines		25	[23]
2011	Thailand	Sirapassorn Atthayakorn	Miss Tiffany's Universe		22
2010	South Korea	Mini Han	Miss Korea Transgender		20	[24]
2009	Japan	Ai Haruna	Miss International Queen Japan		18	[25]
2008 No contest due to Political Turmoil
2007	Thailand	Tanyarat Jirapatpakon	Miss Tiffany's Universe	Pattaya city, Chonburi	24
2006	Mexico	Erica Andrews	Miss USA Continental		23	[26]
2005	United States	Mimi Marks	Miss USA Continental		23
2004	Thailand	Treechada Petcharat	Miss Tiffany's Universe		22

By number of wins

Country/Territory	Titles	Winner Year
Thailand	4	2004, 2007, 2011, 2017
Philippines	3	2012, 2015, 2022
Mexico	2	2006, 2020
United States		2005, 2019
Netherlands	1	2023
Vietnam		2018
Venezuela		2014
Brazil		2013
South Korea		2010
Japan		2009