Mitchell Site

The Mitchell Site, designated by the Smithsonian trinomial 39DV2, is an important archaeological site in Mitchell, Davison County, South Dakota. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964.[2] At that time it was the only reliably dated site of the Lower James River Phase (Initial Variant).[2] The site, sheltered under a dome, is managed by a nonprofit organization and is open to the public as Mitchell Prehistoric Indian Village.[3] Visitors can watch archaeologists uncover artifacts in the Thomsen Center Archeodome. The Boehnen Memorial Museum features a reconstructed lodge and many of the artifacts found at the site.

Mitchell Site
Mitchell Site is located in South Dakota
Mitchell Site
Mitchell Site is located in the United States
Mitchell Site
LocationIndian Village Rd., Mitchell, South Dakota
Coordinates43.7416°N 98.034°W / 43.7416; -98.034
Area41.1 acres (16.6 ha)
NRHP reference No.66000712[1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPOctober 15, 1966[1]
Designated NHLJuly 19, 1964[2]

Description

The Mitchell Site is located north of downtown Mitchell, on the east side of Indian Village Road, on a point overlooking Lake Mitchell. The site contains what was once a village made of lodges surrounded by a ditch and timber palisade.

The people who once lived on the Mitchell site acquired their food from many different sources. The discovery of food processing tools and carbonized seeds suggest that these people were growing much of their food. Artifacts, such as hoes and squash knives are also good indicators that they were farmers. Various types of carbonized seeds and corn cobs show they were growing corn, beans, squash, sunflowers and tobacco.[4]

Archaeological history

The site was first recorded archaeologically in 1922, when it was described as including 45 earth lodge sites, extending northward on a spur of land overlooking Firesteel Creek. The creek has since been dammed to form Lake Mitchell, and the area south of the surviving site elements has been landscaped as part of a golf course. The latter work in particular has compromised the ditches that originally surrounded the settlement. Two house depressions were excavated in 1938 by a crew funded by the Works Progress Administration. A house excavated in 1971 showed evidence of having been destroyed by fire, but included remarkable detail on its architecture.[5]

In 1975 a nonprofit organization was founded to continue archaeological work and to preserve the site.

See also

References
  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  2. "Mitchell Site". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on June 14, 2009. Retrieved June 22, 2008.
  3. "Mitchell Prehistoric Indian Village". Archived from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved October 31, 2010.
  4. "The Mitchell Prehistoric Indian Village Site, South Dakota".
  5. Alex, Robert (May 1973). "Architectural Features of Houses at the Mitchell Site (39DV2), Eastern South Dakota". Plains Anthropologist. 18 (60): 149–159. doi:10.1080/2052546.1973.11908658. JSTOR 25667144.
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