Moricandia

Moricandia is a genus of plants of the family Brassicaceae. This genus is mainly distributed in North Africa, the Middle East, and Southern Europe. It is associated with arid and semi-arid environments. Flowers of this genus are actinomorphic-dissymmetrical and mostly lilac in color, although they vary from white to purple depending on the species and climatic conditions. Some species show extreme phenotypic plasticity for flower size, shape, and color.[1] The fruits are two-valved dehiscent siliques with one or two sets of seeds per valve.[2]

For the genus of snail, see Moricandia (gastropod).

Moricandia
Moricandia arvensis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Brassicales
Family: Brassicaceae
Genus: Moricandia
DC.
Species

See text

Moricandia shows high variability in the morphological characters used for identification, making this genus's taxonomy complex and, many times, controversial.[3] Eight species with a variable number of synonymies and subspecies are actually accepted.[4] Moricandia arvensis also known as purple mistress is the most widely distributed species of this genus. Moricandia moricandioides commonly known as violet cabbage, a native of the Mediterranean, is cultivated as a garden flower.

Some species of this genus perform C2 photosynthesis,[5] making them interesting in the engineering of C2 crops.[6]

Species
  • Moricandia arvensis (L.) DC.
  • Moricandia foetida Bourg. ex Coss.
  • Moricandia moricandioides (Boiss.) Heywood
  • Moricandia nitens (Viv.) Durieu & Barr
  • Moricandia rytidocarpoides Lorite, Perfectti, Gómez, González-Megías & Abdelaziz[7]
  • Moricandia sinaica Boiss.
  • Moricandia spinosa Pomel.
  • Moricandia suffruticosa (Desf.) Coss. & Durieu

Previously considered a Moricandia species, M. foleyi Batt. is now ascribed to the genus Eruca as Eruca foleyi based in phylogenetic analyses[8]

References
  1. Gómez, JM.; Perfectti, F.; Armas, C.; Narbona, E.; González-Megías, A.; Navarro, L.; DeSoto, L.; Torices, R. (2020). "Within-individual phenotypic plasticity in flowers fosters pollination niche shift". Nature Communications. 11 (1): 4019. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.4019G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17875-1. PMC 7419554. PMID 32782255. S2CID 221108247.
  2. Gupta, S. K. (2016). Biology and breeding of crucifers. Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-8608-9.
  3. Jiménez, J. F.; Sánchez-Gómez, P. (2011). "Molecular taxonomy and genetic diversity of Moricandia moricandioides subsp. pseudofoetida compared to wild relatives". Plant Biosystems. 146 (1): 99–105. doi:10.1080/11263504.2011.579191. S2CID 84630593. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
  4. "Kew Royal Botanical Garden". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
  5. Schlüter, Urte; Bräutigam, Andrea; Gowik, Udo; Melzer, Michael; Christin, Pascal-Antoine; Kurz, Samantha; Mettler-Altmann, Tabea; Weber, Andreas PM (January 2017). "Photosynthesis in C 3 –C 4 intermediate Moricandia species". Journal of Experimental Botany. 68 (2): 191–206. doi:10.1093/jxb/erw391. PMC 5853546. PMID 28110276.
  6. Adwy, W; Laxa, M; Peterhansel, C (December 2015). "A simple mechanism for the establishment of C₂-specific gene expression in Brassicaceae". The Plant Journal. 84 (6): 1231–8. doi:10.1111/tpj.13084. PMID 26603271.
  7. "Moricandia rytidocarpoides Lorite, Perfectti, J.M.Gómez, Gonz.-Megías & Abdelaziz". GBIF—the Global Biodiversity Information Facility.
  8. Perfectti, F.; Gómez, J.M.; González-Megías, A.; Abdelaziz, A.; Lorite, J. (2017). "Molecular phylogeny and evolutionary history of Moricandia DC (Brassicaceae)". PeerJ. 5: e3964. doi:10.7717/peerj.3964. PMC 5661452. PMID 29093999. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
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