City quality of life indices

City quality of life indices are lists of cities that are ranked according to a defined measure of living conditions. In addition to considering the provision of clean water, clean air, adequate food and shelter, many indexes also measure more subjective elements including a city's capacity to generate a sense of community and offer hospitable settings for all, especially young people, to develop social skills, a sense of autonomy and identity.[1]

Regions with cities commonly ranked in the top 50 include Canada, Western Europe, Australia, and New Zealand.[2] Three examples of such surveys are Monocle's "Quality of Life Survey", the Economist Intelligence Unit's "Global Liveability Ranking", and "Mercer Quality of Living Survey". Numbeo has the largest statistics and survey data based on cities and countries.[3] Deutsche Bank's Liveability Survey is another ranking of cities by quality of life.

The reason some cities appear in one ranking but not another is often related to the different criteria used between rankings, but more commonly it is related the difference in weighting given to similar factors.[4]

The EIU's Global Liveability Ranking
Main article: Global Liveability Ranking

The Economist Intelligence Unit's (EIU) publishes an annual Global Liveability Ranking, which ranks 140 cities for their urban quality of life based on assessments of their stability, health care, culture, environment, education and infrastructure.[5]

Melbourne, Australia, had been ranked by the EIU as the world's most livable city for seven years in a row, from 2011 to 2017.[6] Between 2004 and 2010, Vancouver, Canada, was ranked the EIU's most livable city, with Melbourne sharing first place in the inaugural 2002 report. Vancouver has ranked third since 2015, while Vienna, Austria, ranked second until 2018 when it climbed to the top spot.

The Syrian capital, Damascus, was ranked the least livable city of the 140 assessed in 2021 and 2022.[7][8]

The EIU also publishes a Worldwide Cost of Living Survey that compares the cost of living in a range of global cities.[9]

EIU's Global Liveability Ranking 2023[10]
City Country/Region
1 Vienna  Austria
2 Copenhagen  Denmark
3 Melbourne  Australia
4 Sydney  Australia
5 Vancouver  Canada
6 Zurich   Switzerland
7 Calgary  Canada
7 Geneva   Switzerland
9 Toronto  Canada
10 Osaka  Japan
10 Auckland  New Zealand

Monocle's Quality of Life Survey

Since 2006, the lifestyle magazine Monocle has published an annual list of livable cities. The list in 2008 was named "The Most Livable Cities Index" and presented 20 top locations for quality of life.

Important criteria in this survey are safety/crime, international connectivity, climate/sunshine, quality of architecture, public transport, tolerance, environmental issues and access to nature, urban design, business conditions, proactive policy developments and medical care.

The 2023 Monocle Survey determined the world's most livable city was Vienna, followed by Copenhagen, Munich and Zürich.[11]

Monocle's Quality of Life Survey 2023[11]
City Country/Region
1 Vienna  Austria
2 Copenhagen  Denmark
3 Munich  Germany
4 Zürich   Switzerland
5 Stockholm  Sweden
6 Tokyo  Japan
7 Helsinki  Finland
8 Madrid  Spain
9 Lisbon  Portugal
10 Melbourne  Australia
11 Berlin  Germany
12 Paris  France
13 Amsterdam  Netherlands
14 Sydney  Australia
15 Singapore  Singapore
16 Kyoto  Japan
17 Athens  Greece
18 Milan  Italy
19 Oslo  Norway
20 Seoul  South Korea

Global Finance's World's Best Cities to Live

Global Finance is an English-language monthly financial magazine that publishes a list of the world's best cities to live that is based on a score that reflects a comprehensive list of eight unique factors. These are: economic strength; research and development; cultural interaction; livability; environment; accessibility; GDP per capita (nominal in U.S. dollars); and COVID-19 deaths per million for the country.[12]

The World's Best Cities to Live In 2022[13]
City Country/Region
1 London  United Kingdom
2 Tokyo  Japan
3 Shanghai  China
4 Singapore  Singapore
5 Melbourne  Australia
6 Sydney  Australia
7 Paris  France
8 Beijing  China
9 New York  United States
10 Amsterdam  Netherlands

Mercer's Quality of Living Ranking

American global human resources and related financial services consulting firm Mercer annually releases its Mercer Quality of Living Survey, comparing 221 cities based on 39 criteria. New York City is given a baseline score of 100 and other cities are rated in comparison. Important criteria are safety, education, hygiene, health care, culture, environment, recreation, political-economic stability, public transport and access to goods and services. The list is intended to help multinational companies decide where to open offices or plants, and how much to pay employees. Mercer has ranked Austria's capital Vienna first in its annual "Quality of Living" survey since 2009.

Mercer's Quality of Living Ranking 2019[14]
City Country/Region
1 Vienna  Austria
2 Zürich   Switzerland
3 Vancouver  Canada
4 Munich  Germany
5 Auckland  New Zealand
6 Düsseldorf  Germany
7 Frankfurt  Germany
8 Copenhagen  Denmark
9 Geneva   Switzerland
10 Basel   Switzerland
11 Sydney  Australia
12 Amsterdam  Netherlands
13 Berlin  Germany
14 Bern   Switzerland
15 Wellington  New Zealand
16 Toronto  Canada
17 Melbourne  Australia
18 Singapore  Singapore
19 Ottawa  Canada
20 Hamburg  Germany
21 Perth  Australia
22 Montreal  Canada
23 Nuremberg  Germany
24 Stockholm  Sweden
25 Oslo  Norway
26 Luxembourg City  Luxembourg
27 Stuttgart  Germany
28 Brussels  Belgium
29 Adelaide  Australia
30 Canberra  Australia
31 Helsinki  Finland
32 Calgary  Canada
33 Dublin  Ireland
34 San Francisco  United States
35 Brisbane  Australia

The full ranking includes 231 cities.

Deutsche Bank Liveability Survey

The 2019 survey showed the following cities to be highest in quality of life, for numerous reasons[15] (e.g. style, affordability, happiness and pollution etc.):

Wellington, like Melbourne, has also been ranked as the most liveable city by Deutsche Bank twice in a row, and also has the least pollution of any ranked city.
Cities with the highest quality of life 2019[15]
City Country/Region
1 Zürich   Switzerland
2 Wellington  New Zealand
3 Copenhagen  Denmark
4 Edinburgh  United Kingdom
5 Vienna  Austria
6 Helsinki  Finland
7 Melbourne  Australia
8 Boston  United States
9 San Francisco  United States
10 Sydney  Australia

Numbeo's Quality of Life Ranking

Numbeo is a crowd-sourced global database of reported consumer prices, perceived crime rates, quality of health care, among other statistics.[16]

The full ranking includes 251 cities.

See also

References
  1. Caves, R. W. (2004). Encyclopedia of the City. Routledge. p. 434. ISBN 9780415252256.
  2. "2015 quality of living survey". Mercer. 4 March 2015.
  3. "Cost of Living". www.numbeo.com.
  4. Vingerhoets, Ad (28 February 2013), "Why some people cry more often than others", Why Only Humans Weep, Oxford University Press, pp. 162–186, doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198570240.003.0009, ISBN 978-0-19-857024-0, retrieved 22 July 2023
  5. "Global Liveability Ranking 2016". www.eiu.com. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  6. Stephanie Chalkley-Rhoden (16 August 2017). "World's most liveable city: Melbourne takes top spot for the seventh year running". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 17 August 2017.
  7. "Coronavirus: Auckland ranked most liveable city as pandemic shifts list". BBC News. 9 June 2021.
  8. "The Global Liveability Index 2022" (PDF). The Economist Intelligence Unit. 2022.
  9. "The Worldwide Cost of Living Survey". www.eiu.com. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  10. "The world's most liveable cities in 2023". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 22 June 2023.
  11. "Paradise cities | Monocle: Issue 165".
  12. Getzoff, Marc (14 October 2020). "Global Finance Magazine - World's Best Cities To Live In 2020". Global Finance Magazine. Retrieved 23 August 2021.
  13. "World's Best Cities To Live In 2022". Global Finance. 14 March 2022.
  14. Quality of living city ranking 2019 - Mercer
  15. Taylor, Chloe (20 May 2019). "These cities offer the best quality of life in the world, according to Deutsche Bank". CNBC. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
  16. "About Quality of Life Indices At This Website". www.numbeo.com. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
  17. "Quality of Life Index by City 2021". www.numbeo.com. Retrieved 10 March 2021.
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