Mubah

Mubāḥ (Arabic: مباح) is an Arabic word roughly meaning "permitted",[1] which has technical uses in Islamic law.

Part of a series on Islam
Usul al-Fiqh
Fiqh
Ahkam
Legal vocations and titles

In uṣūl al-fiqh (principles of Islamic jurisprudence), mubāḥ is one of the five degrees of approval (ahkam):

  1. farḍ/wājib (واجب / فرض) - compulsory, obligatory
  2. mustaḥabb/mandūb (مستحب) - recommended
  3. mubāḥ (مباح) - neutral, not involving God's judgment
  4. makrūh (مكروه) - disliked, reprehensible
  5. ḥarām/maḥzūr (محظور / حرام) - forbidden

Mubah is commonly translated as "neutral" or "permitted" in English.,[2][3] "indifferent"[4] or "(merely) permitted".[4][5] It refers to an action that is not mandatory, recommended, reprehensible or forbidden, and thus involves no judgement from God.[2] Assigning acts to this legal category reflects a deliberate choice rather than an oversight on the part of jurists.[3]

In Islamic property law, the term mubāḥ refers to things which have no owner. It is similar to the concept res nullius used in Roman law and common law.[6]

See also
  • Adiaphora – Concepts in philosophy and religion, a similar concept in Stoicism
  • Halal – Islamic term for "permissible" things

References
  1. Hans Wehr, J. Milton Cowan (1976). A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic (3rd ed.). Spoken Language Services. p. 81.
  2. Vikør, Knut S. (2014). "Sharīʿah". In Emad El-Din Shahin (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Islam and Politics. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2014-06-04. Retrieved 2017-05-20.
  3. Wael B. Hallaq (2009). Sharī'a: Theory, Practice, Transformations. Cambridge University Press (Kindle edition). p. Loc. 2160.
  4. Baber Johansen (2009). "Islamic Law. Legal and Ethical Qualifications". In Stanley N. Katz (ed.). The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  5. Juan Eduardo Campo, ed. (2009). "Halal". Encyclopedia of Islam. Infobase Publishing. p. 284.
  6. Ersilia Francesca (2009). "Possession. Yad in Islamic Law". In Stanley N. Katz (ed.). The Oxford International Encyclopedia of Legal History. Oxford: Oxford University Press.


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