Mudra (music)

A mudra (IAST: Mudrā; Sanskrit for sign or symbol) is a term woven into compositions in Indian classical music, particularly Carnatic music, that indicates the identity of the composer, a patron, the raga, tala, or style. A composer might use his own name or a pseudonym.[1] Not all composers have mudras, and they do not necessarily relate to the composer's name.[2][3]

Etymology

A mudra is a pen name, nom de plume, or pseudonym adopted by a musician to serve as their sign of authorship in a musical composition. A pen name may be used to make the author's name more distinctive, to disguise their gender, to distance an author from some or all of their previous works, to protect the author from retribution for their writings, to combine more than one author into a single author, or for any of a number of reasons related to the marketing or aesthetic presentation of the work. The author's name may be known only to the publisher, or may come to be common knowledge.

All most every time, the penname is inserted in the wordings of the composition or poem in a artistically meaningful way.

List of Mudras used by Musicians

Hindustani Musicians
Mudra (English)Mudra (Devanagari)MusicianTranslationGharanaDetails
Adā-rangaअदारंगFiroz Khān of Delhi"Colors of Grace."Seniya Qawwal Bacche18th-century dhrupadiya in Rangile's Court.[4]
Ashiq-rang आशिक रंग Mir Saleh "Colors of Lover Qawwal Bacche
Achpal अच्पल Sheikh Ajmal Khan Sahab Qawwal Bacche Bahadur Shah Zafar Teacher
Abhī-raṅgaअभीरंगAbhijith Shenoy Kerki"Colors of fearlessness."Gwalior, Agra, Atrauli
ĀlamaआलमĀlamara Begum Khāsmahal
Ahmeda-piyāअहमदपियाAlladiya Khan"Lover of Ahmed."Jaipur-Atrauli
Akhtara-piyāअख़्तरपियाWajid Ali Shah
Amara, Amara-piyāअमर, अमरपियाAman Ali KhanBhendi-Bazaar
Amaradāsa, Amara-piyāअमरदास, अमरपियाNavrang NagpurkarBhendi-Bazaar
Ānandaआनन्दPralhad GanuAgra, Atrauli
Ananga-raṅgaअनंगरंगAcharya Brihaspati
Azīza-piyāअज़ीजपियाMehboob Baksh KhanAgra
Bhāva-raṅgaभावरंगBalwantrai BhattGwalior
Bindāबिन्दाBindadin MaharajLucknow
Chakra-piyāचक्रपियाChakradhar Singh
Chānda-piyāचान्दपियाChand KhanDelhi[5]
Chatura, Chatura Panditचतुर, चतुरपण्डितVishnu Narayan BhatkhandeRampur
Chita-Ānandaचित-आनन्दChidanand Nagarkar"Elated consciousness."Agra[6]
Darasa-piyāदरसपियाMehboob Khān of AgraAgra[7]
Darasa-piyāदरसपियाShafi Ahmed Khān of AtrauliAtrauli[8]
Darpaṇaदर्पणYunus Hussain Khan"Mirror."Agra, Atrauli
Deva-raṅgaदेवरंगDaibashish Gangopadhyay"Divine Colors."Musician, Composer, Music director
Dhyāna-raṅga-piyāध्यानरंगपियाMani PrasadKirana
Dila-raṅgaदिलरंगAzmat Hussain Khan"Colors of the Heart."Khurja, Atrauli
Dina-raṅgaदिनरंगDinkar Kaikini"Colors of the Day."Agra, Atrauli
Gaan-guniगान-गुणीB.Krishna BhatGwalior
Gauhara, Gauharapyariगौहर, गौहरप्यारीGauhar Jaan
Guṇa-piyāगुणपियाChhota Gandharva"Lover of Qualities."
Guṇa-raṅgaगुणरंग[9]Fayyaz Ahmad Khan"Colors of Qualities."Kirana
Guṇi-dāsaगुणीदासJagganathbuwa Purohit"Servant of Qualities."Agra, Atrauli
Guṇi-jānaगुणीजानCR VyasGwalior, Agra, Atrauli
GuṇiyeगुणियेVasantrao KulkarniGwalior, Agra, Atrauli
Guru-raṅgaगुरुरंग[10]Vrajotsavji Maharaj][11]
Gyāna-raṅgaज्ञानरंगAarshin Karande[12]Mewati
GovindaगोविंदGovindrao DantaleMewati
Hara-raṅgaहररंगMuhammad Ali Khan
Hara-raṅgaहररंगVishnu Narayan BhatkhandeRampurMusicologist.
Hari-priyāहरिप्रियाHarishchandra BaliAgra, Atrauli
Hinga-raṅgaहिंगरंगHussain Ali Khan[13]"Colors of Hinga."Kirana
Ināyata, Ināyata-piyāइनायत, इनायतपियाInayat Hussain Khan"Lover of Inayat."Rampur-Sahaswan
Ibrāhīm-piyāइब्राहीमपियाIbrahim Khan of TonkRampur-Sahaswan
JasaजसPandit Jasraj"Glory."Mewati
Jyōti-raṅgaज्योतिरंगRajaram Shukla
Khush-rang खुशरंग Ustad Muzaffar Khan Sikanderabad Delhi Gharana
Khusha-raṅgaख़ुशरंगAslam Hussain KhanHapur, Khurja
Kharaharapriya-dāsaखरहरप्रियादास[14]Bholanath BhattBenares
Krishṇa-dāsaकृष्णदासMaster KrishnaraoGwalior, Agra, Jaipur-Atrauli, Kirana
Lalana-piyāललनपियाNandalal Sharma
Lāla-raṅgaलालरंगChaman Lal Varma
Madhura-piyāमधुरपियाGokulotsavji Maharaj
MaganaमगनChinmoy LahiriAgra, Atrauli
Magana-piyāमगनपियाMashiyat KhanAgra
ManaharaमनहरMurli Manohar Shukla
Manahara-piyāमनहरपियाAbdullah KhanAgra, Atrauli
Manahara-piyāमनहरपियाPrem Prakash Johri
Mana-raṅgaमनरंगBhupat KhanSeniya
Mana-rang मनरंग Maste Khan

Sheikh Mazhar

 Qawwal Bacche

Sikandrabad
Mana-raṅgaमनरंगMahawat Khan of Jaipur
ManapiyaमनपियाPamalka Karunanayake of Sri Lanka
Mita-raṅgaमितरंगDeviprasad Kharwandikar[15]"Colors of Measure."
Mohana-piyāमोहनपियाAqeel Ahmed KhanAgra
Nāda-piyāनादपियाV R Athavale"Lover of naad."Gwalior, Agra
Nāda-raṅgaनादरंगDilip Chandra Vedi"Colors of naad."Patiala, Agra, Atrauli
Nāda-raṅgaनादरंगSandeep Ranade"Colors of naad."Mewati
Nātha-piyāनाथपियाVilayat KhanEtawahSitarist. Enayet Khan's Rajput name was "Nath Singh."
NiguṇaनिगुणNeelkanth AbhyankarAgra, Atrauli
Prāṇa-piyāप्राणपियाVilayat Hussain KhanAgra, Atrauli[16]
Pranava-raṅgaप्रणवरंगOmkarnath Thakur"Colors of Om."Gwalior
Prema-piyāप्रेमपियाFaiyaz Khan"Lover of Affect."Agra
Prema-dāsaप्रेमदासLatafat Hussain Khan"Servant of Affect."Agra, Atrauli
Prema-raṅgaप्रेमरंगSharafat Hussain Khan"Colors of Affect."Agra, Atrauli
Prema-raṅgaप्रेमरंगRatnakar Ramnathkar"Colors of Affect."Agra, Atrauli
Qadara-piyāक़दरपियाMirza Bala Qadar of RampurThumri composer.[17]
Ratana-piyāरतनपियाAta Hussain KhanAgra
Rāma-dāsaरामदासZahoor KhanKhurja[18]
Rāma-raṅgaरामरंगRamashrey Jha
RaṅgileरंगीलेRamzan KhanRangile[19] Sikandrabad Rangeela Gharana
Rasa-dāsaरसदासArun KashalkarGwalior, Agra, Atrauli, Jaipur-Atrauli
Rasa-dāsīरसदासीVeen VishwaroopAgra, Atrauli
Rasa-piyāरसपियाBabanrao HaldankarAgra, Atrauli, Jaipur-Atrauli
Rasa-raṅgaरसरंगBade Inayat Hussain KhanGwalior
Rasa-raṅgaरसरंगAnwar Hussain KhanAgra, Atrauli
Rasika-piyāरसिकपियाDhruv Tara Joshi
Rasika-raṅgaरसिकरंगAshok RanadeGwaliorMusicologist[20]
Rasika-raṅgaरसिकरंगDeepak Chatterjee
Razā-piyāरज़ापियाRaza Ali KhanPatialaNawab.[21]
Saba-raṅgaसबरंगGhulam Abbas KhanAgra
Saba-raṅgaसबरंगBade Ghulam Ali KhanPatiala
Saba-rasaसबरसGhulam Maulvi KhanPatiala
Shok-rang शोक रंग Bahadur Shah Zafar Last Mughal Emperor
Sadā-raṅgaसदारंगNiyamat Khān of DelhiSeniya Qawwal BaccheDescendant of Tansen, dhrupadiya in Rangile's Court.[22]
Saguṇa-piyāसगुणपियाYashpalAgra, Atrauli
Sajana-piyāसजनपियाKhadim Hussain KhanAgra, Atrauli
Samajh-Dil समझदिल Ustad Nazeer Ahmed Khan Qawwal Bacche, Delhi Gharana Nizam's Court Singer
Samajha-dilaसमझदिलEnayat KhanEtawah, Agra
Sanada-piyāसनदपियाTawakkul Husain Khan of RampurJaipurThumri composer.[23]
Sanehī-piyāसनेहीपियाGulam Qadar KhanAgra
Sarasa-piyāसरसपियाKale KhanAgra
Sarasa-raṅgaसरसरंगQayam KhanAgra
Shakīla-piyāशकीलपियाNanhe KhanAgra
Shōk, Shōka-raṅgaशोक, शोकरंगKumar GandharvaGwalior
Shōri, Shōri Miyānशोरी, शोरी मियाँMiyan Ghulam Nabi ShoriLucknow
Shubha-raṅgaशुभरंगShubhada Paradkar
Shyāma-raṅgaश्यामरंगDayam KhanAgra
Shyāma-raṅgaश्यामरंगJitendra AbhishekiAtrauli, Khurja
Subha-raṅgaसुभरंगShankarlal Mishra
Sughara-piyāसुघरपियाBhaiya GanpatraoGwalior
Sujana-dāsaसुजनदासYashwant MahaleAgra, Atrauli
SujanasutaसुजनसुतK. G. GindeAgra, Atrauli
SujānaसुजानHaji Sujan KhanAgra
Sujāna, Sujāna-piyāसुजान, सुजानपियाS. N. RatanjankarAgra, Atrauli
Sura-raṅgaसुररंगAmir KhanIndore, Kirana, Bhendi-Bazaar
Taan-Ras तनरास Ustad Taanras Khan Qawwal Bacche Delhi Gharana Founder Of Delhi Gharana Last Mughal Singer
Tana-raṅgaतनरंगVishwanath Rao RingeGwalior
Vyākulव्याकुलVyakul of AyodhyaGuru of Ramashreya Jha[24]
VedīवेदीDilip Chandra Vedi"Colors of naad."Patiala, Agra, Atrauli
Vinōda-piyāविनोदपियाTasadduq Hussain KhanAgraSon of Kallan Khan, Agra Gharana.[24]
Vraja-raṅgaव्रजरंग [25]Vrajotsavji Maharaj[26]
Yasha-raṅgaयशरंगYeshwantbua JoshiGwalior, Agra, Atrauli

Carnatic Musicians
Name Mudra Notes
Tallapaka Annamayya Venkata
Vyasatirtha Sri Krishna/ Siri Krishna/Krishna
Vadiraja Tirtha Hayavadana
Sripadaraja Ranga Vitthala
Jagannatha Dasa Jagannatha Vitthala
Gopala Dasa Gopala Vithala
Vijaya Dasa Vijaya Vithala
Purandara Dasa Purandara Vitthala
Kanaka Dasa Adi Keshava
Tyagaraja Tyagaraja
Shyama Shastri Shyama Krishna[27]
Muthuswami Dikshitar Guruguha[2] Guha is one of the many names of Murugan, the deity at Tirutani, the site of his first composition.[28]
Swati Tirunal
  • Padmanabha
  • Pankajanabha
Bhadrachala Ramadas Ramadasu
Papanasam Sivan Ramadasan
Gopalakrishna Bharathi Balakrishnan, Gopalakrishnan
Harikesanallur Muthiah Bhagavatar Harikesha
Narayana Teertha Narayana Teertha
Patnam Subramania Iyer Venkateshwara
Mysore Vasudevacharya Vasudevā
Mysore V. Ramarathnam Rāma
M. D. Ramanathan Varada dasa
M. Balamuralikrishna
  • Hari
  • Murali
Maharajapuram Santhanam Maharajan
Koteeswara Iyer Kavi Kunjara dasa
Kshetrayya Muvva Gopala
Sadashiva Brahmendra swami Paramahamsa
Jayachamarajendra Wadiyar Sri Vidya[29]

References
  1. Wade, Bonnie C. (1984). Khyal: Creativity Within North India's Classical Music Tradition. Cambridge University Press. p. 20.
  2. Mudrā, The Oxford Encyclopaedia of the Music of India. Oxford University Press. 2011. ISBN 9780195650983. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
  3. "Royal Carpet: Glossary of Carnatic Terms M". karnatik.com. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
  4. "Artist - Niyamat Khan 'Sadarang' (Vocal), Gharana - None". www.swarganga.org.
  5. "Raga Shree: Close Encounters".
  6. "Short Takes: Malkauns".
  7. Bhattacharya, Ramprapanna (31 August 2018). "My Music Diary: Pen names of Great Composers of Hindustani Music".
  8. "Down Memory Lane – Dilrang Academy".
  9. Dhar, Sheila (2005). Raga'n Josh: Stories from a Musical Life. Permanent Black. p. 236. ISBN 9788178241173.
  10. "|| VrajRang - Vrajotsavji ||". sites.google.com. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
  11. "|| VrajRang - Vrajotsavji || - Acharya Dr. Vrajotsavji". sites.google.com. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
  12. Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Bandish in Raag Jaiwanti Todi by Aarshin Karande "Gyaanrang". YouTube.
  13. "The Bandish divide - Times of India". The Times of India.
  14. "HM Ragamalika! - rasikas.org".
  15. Kharwandikar, Deviprasad (2013). Mitarang. Bookmark Publications.
  16. "The Kanada Constellation (Part 3/3)".
  17. Music, Classical (15 July 2012). "Classical Music: Thumri".
  18. "Two Variants of Bihag and Thirakhwa's Tabla Solo".
  19. "Artist - Ramzan Khan 'Rangile' (Vocal), Gharana - Agra". www.swarganga.org.
  20. "Artist - Ashok Da Ranade (Vocal), Gharana - Gwalior". www.swarganga.org.
  21. Akademi, Sangeet Natak (2006). Sangeet Natak (Volume 40 ed.). Sangeet Natak Akademi. p. 21.
  22. "Artist - Firoz Khan 'Adarang' (Vocal), Gharana - None". www.swarganga.org.
  23. Kumar, Kuldeep (31 October 2013). "A maestro and a master". The Hindu – via www.thehindu.com.
  24. "Bhimpalasi Inc".
  25. "|| VrajRang - Vrajotsavji ||". sites.google.com. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
  26. "|| VrajRang - Vrajotsavji || - Acharya Dr. Vrajotsavji". sites.google.com. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
  27. Śyāma Śāstri, The Oxford Encyclopaedia of the Music of India. Oxford University Press. 2011. ISBN 9780195650983. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
  28. Ramaswamy, Vijaya (2007). Historical dictionary of the Tamils. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. p. 236. ISBN 9780810864450.
  29. "Navarathri - Jayachamaraja Wodeyar Compositions - Dr. PPN". www.carnatica.net.


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