Yaqub Nanautawi

Muhammad Yaqub Nanautawi (1833–1884) was an Indian Islamic scholar, and one of the earliest teachers of Islamic Madrassa in Deoband, famously called Darul Uloom Deoband in India. He was the first principal of Darul Uloom Deoband.[1]

Muhammad Yaqub Nanautawi
1st Principal of Darul Uloom Deoband
In office
1866–1883
Preceded by"office established"
Succeeded bySyed Ahmad Dehlavi
Personal details
Born1833
Nanauta, British India
Died1884 (aged 50–51)
Nanauta, British India
Parent
RelativesKhalil Ahmad Saharanpuri (nephew)
OccupationIslamic scholar
Military service
Years of service1857
Battles/warsIndian War of Independence
Personal
ReligionIslam
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceHanafi
CreedMaturidi

Name and lineage

His ism (given name) was Muhammad Yaqub. His nasab (patronymic) meets Qasim ibn Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr.[2]

Early life and education

Muhammad Yaqub was born in 1833,[3] coinciding 13 Safar 1249 AH in British India, in the town of Nanauta, part of the Saharanpur District of the modern province of Uttar Pradesh, India.[4] His father, Mamluk Ali, was one of the senior Muslim scholars of India at the time, and the head of Oriental Studies at Madrassa Gaziuddin Khan. Muhammad Yaqub studied most of the Islamic sciences under his father and Shah Abd al-Ghani Mujaddidi.[4] His other teachers include Ahmad Ali Saharanpuri.

Muhammad Yaqub was trained in tasawwuf under Haji Imdadullah and received khilafah (authorization) from him in the Chishti, Naqshbandi, Qadiri, and Suhrawardi orders.[5]

Career

In 1852, Muhammad Yaqub was appointed as a teacher in Government College Ajmer. At the recommendation of the College principal, he was offered the post of Deputy collector, which he rejected. He was transferred to Banaras, and later promoted to the post of Deputy Inspector, Saharanpur.[4]

In 1866, Muhammad Yaqub was appointed as the principal of Darul Uloom Deoband.[4] Concerning his appointment in the Deoband seminary, Muhammad Miyan Deobandi writes that, "Seeing the increase in students day to day, it became a concern to get good teachers and thus Maulana Muhammad Yaqub was called to be the principal who was then teaching either in Ajmer or somewhere else."[6]

Students of Muhammad Yaqub include most of the second-generation Islamic scholars[3] such as Mahmud Hasan Deobandi, Aziz-ur-Rahman Usmani, Sayyid Mumtaz Ali,[7] Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad, Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri and Ashraf Ali Thanwi.[4]

Death and legacy

Muhammad Yaqub Nanautavi died of cholera at age 51 in 1884 and was buried in his hometown, Nanauta.[4]

Family life

Muhammad Yaqub was maternal uncle of the Hadith scholar Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri.[3]

References
  1. Tayyab, Muhammad (1990). The Role of Shaikh-Ul-Hind Maulana Mahmud-Ul-Hasan in the Indian Freedom Movement (MPhil). Aligarh Muslim University. p. 20.{{cite thesis}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
  2. Professor Nur al-Hasan Sherkoti. "Hadhrat Mawlana Muhammad Yaqub Nanautawi". In Deobandi, Nawaz (ed.). Sawaneh Ulama-e-Deoband (in Urdu) (January 2000 ed.). Deoband: Nawaz Publications. pp. 90–214.
  3. Asir Adrawi. Tazkirah Mashāhīr-e-Hind: Karwān-e-Rafta (in Urdu) (2 April 2016 ed.). Deoband: Darul Muallifeen. p. 269.
  4. Rizwi, Syed Mehboob. Tarikh Darul Uloom Deoband [History of the Dar al-Ulum Deoband]. Vol. 2. Translated by Murtaz Husain F Quraishi (1981 ed.). Deoband: Darul Uloom Deoband. pp. 126–131.
  5. Aamir Bashir. Shari'at and Tariqat: A Study of the Deobandi Understanding and Practice of Tasawwuf (PDF). ilmresources.wordpress.com. Retrieved 30 July 2019.
  6. Syed Muhammad Miyan Deobandi. Ulama-e-Haq Ke Mujahidana Karname. Vol. 1. Deoband: Faisal Publications. p. 51.
  7. Sarkar, Sumit; Sarkar, Tanika (2008). Women and Social Reform in Modern India: A Reader. Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253352699. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
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