Mytishchi
Mytishchi (Russian: Мыти́щи, IPA: [mɨˈtʲiɕːɪ]) is a city and the administrative center of Mytishchinsky District in Moscow Oblast, Russia, which lies 19 km northeast of Russia's capital Moscow on the Yauza River and the Moscow–Yaroslavl railway. The city was an important waypoint for traders on the Yauza River, the Yaroslavl Highway passes through the city. Mytishchi is famous for its aqueduct, built in 1804, the first water supply pipeline to supply the growing population of Moscow. The city has a population of approximately 262,702 people as of 2022.[2]
Mytishchi
Мытищи | |
|---|---|
 Voloshinoy Street in Mytishchi | |
.svg.png.webp) Flag .png.webp) Coat of arms | |
Location of Mytishchi | |
  Mytishchi Location of Mytishchi  Mytishchi Mytishchi (Moscow Oblast) | |
| Coordinates: 55°55′N 37°46′E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Moscow Oblast[1] |
| Administrative district | Mytishchinsky District[1] |
| City | Mytishchi[1] |
| Known since | 1460 |
| Town status since | 1925 |
| Government | |
| • Body | Council of Deputies |
| • Head | Yulia Kupetskaya |
| Elevation | 150 m (490 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 173,160 |
| • Estimate (2018)[3] | 211,606 (+22.2%) |
| • Rank | 105th in 2010 |
| • Capital of | Mytishchinsky District,[1] Town of Mytishchi[1] |
| • Municipal district | Mytishchinsky Municipal District[4] |
| • Urban settlement | Mytishchi Urban Settlement[4] |
| • Capital of | Mytishchinsky Municipal District,[4] Mytishchi Urban Settlement[4] |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK  [5]) |
| Postal code(s)[6] | 141000–141002, 141004–141011, 141013–141018, 141020, 141021, 141023–141029, 141037–141043, 141045–141050, 141053, 141056–141059, 141101–141132, 141941–141945, 994003–994005 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 495 |
| OKTMO ID | 46746000001 |
| Town Day | One of the Sundays in September |
| Website | www |
Geography
The city is located 19 km northeast of Russia's capital Moscow on the Yauza River and the Moscow–Yaroslavl railway.
Climate
Mytishchi has a humid continental climate, which is the same as Moscow but usually a few degrees colder due to significantly lesser impact of urban heat island. The city features long, cold winters (with temperatures as low as −25 °C (−13 °F) to −30 °C (−22 °F) occurring every winter and a record low of −43 °C (−45 °F)), and short, warm-hot summers (with a record high of 38 °C (100 °F) and temperatures reaching 30 °C (86 °F) every summer). For example, the January daily mean is −10 °C (14 °F), with the average maximum of −7 °C (19 °F) and average minimum of −13 °C (9 °F). July's daily mean temperature, on the other hand, is 19 °C (66 °F), with its average maximum being 24 °C (75 °F) and its average minimum being 14 °C (57 °F).
| Climate data for Mytishchi | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | −7 (19) |
−6 (21) |
1.0 (33.8) |
11.0 (51.8) |
18.0 (64.4) |
21.0 (69.8) |
24.0 (75.2) |
20.0 (68.0) |
15.0 (59.0) |
7.0 (44.6) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−5 (23) |
8.3 (46.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −10 (14) |
−9 (16) |
−4 (25) |
6.0 (42.8) |
13.0 (55.4) |
17.0 (62.6) |
19.0 (66.2) |
16.0 (60.8) |
11.0 (51.8) |
4.0 (39.2) |
−2 (28) |
−8 (18) |
4.4 (40.0) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −13 (9) |
−12 (10) |
−9 (16) |
1.0 (33.8) |
8.0 (46.4) |
13.0 (55.4) |
14.0 (57.2) |
12.0 (53.6) |
7.0 (44.6) |
1.0 (33.8) |
−4 (25) |
−11 (12) |
0.6 (33.1) |
| Source: Climate and ecology of Mytishchi[7] | |||||||||||||
History
The first settlement of ancient hunters and fishermen in this location dates back to the 6th–8th millennia BCE, i.e., in the late Stone Age. In the 8th–9th centuries, first Slavic tribes (Vyatichi and Krivichs) began settling here. In and around Mytishchinsky District about a dozen of such settlements from the 11th–13th centuries have been discovered.
The modern settlement has been known as the village Mystiche since 1460, and Bolshiye Mytishchi (Большие Мытищи)[8] since the 19th century. The name comes from the so-called mytnaya (or "myta") duty that was levied on merchants hauling ships (by wheels, rollers or skids) between the Yauza and Klyazma Rivers, collected at the place now known as Yauza mytishche. The word "Mytische" is a portmanteau of myt (мыта) and a place where there was a residential building with a kiln and a hearth.
In 1804, the Mytishchi-Moscow aqueduct was built by order of Catherine the Great. It was the first water supply constructed in Russia to provide the Kremlin with pure water.
The first enterprises were organized in Mytischi in the middle of the 19th Century. Mytischi station, on the Moscow-Yaroslavl railway, opened in 1861, SI Mamontov's car building plant opened in 1896, and Viskova, Russia's first artificial silk company, began work in 1908. Mytischi and its district became a popular summer retreat for Russian holidaymakers from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, .
Mytischi gained city status on August 17, 1925.
In 1932, the territory of the city was significantly expanded, according to the decree of the Presidium of the Moscow Regional Executive Committee No. 8 (minutes No. 56) of October 4, 1932 and the decree of the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of November 20, 1932 that approved it. The settlement merged with the villages of Bolshie Mytishchi, Rupasovo, Sharapovo, Zarechnaya Sloboda, Leonidovka, Perlovka, Taininsky settlements, Druzhba and Taininka.[9]
Population
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1852 | 389 |
| 1859 | 435 |
| 1897 | 1000 |
| 1899 | 1026 |
| 1917 | 7000 |
| 1926 | 17000 |
| 1931 | 23100 |
| 1939 | 60118 |
| 1959 | 98606 |
| 1962 | 107000 |
| 1964 | 111000 |
| 1967 | 112000 |
| 1970 | 118653 |
| 1973 | 125000 |
| 1975 | 134000 |
| 1976 | 134000 |
| 1979 | 140656 |
| 1982 | 148000 |
| 1985 | 151000 |
| 1986 | 150000 |
| 1987 | 152000 |
| 1989 | 154068 |
| 1990 | 154000 |
| 1991 | 154000 |
| 1992 | 154000 |
| 1993 | 153000 |
| 1994 | 152000 |
| 1995 | 153000 |
| 1996 | 153000 |
| 1997 | 153000 |
| 1998 | 155000 |
| 1999 | 155700 |
| 2000 | 155700 |
| 2001 | 157000 |
| 2002 | 159900 |
| 2003 | 159900 |
| 2004 | 161400 |
| 2005 | 161500 |
| 2006 | 161800 |
| 2007 | 162700 |
| 2008 | 163400 |
| 2009 | 164299 |
| 2010 | 173160 |
| 2011 | 173300 |
| 2012 | 174971 |
| 2013 | 178672 |
| 2014 | 183224 |
| 2015 | 187119 |
| 2016 | 201130 |
| 2017 | 205397 |
| 2018 | 211606 |
| 2019 | 222739 |
| 2020 | 235504 |
| 2021 | 245643 |
| 2022 | 262702 |
According to Wikidata, the population of Mytishchi was 211,606 (1 January 2018),[3] 201,130 (2016),[10] 205,397 (2017)[11]. Mytishchi is the fourth largest city in Moscow Oblast after Balashikha (211,606 (2018) ), Podolsk (302,831 (2018) ), Khimki (257,006 (2023) ) in terms of population.
Administrative and municipal status
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Mytishchi serves as the administrative center of Mytishchinsky District.[1] As an administrative division, it is, together with twenty-four rural localities, incorporated within Mytishchinsky District as the Town of Mytishchi.[1] As a municipal division, the Town of Mytishchi is incorporated within Mytishchinsky Municipal District as Mytishchi Urban Settlement.[4]
Economy
The city is the oblast's largest center for industry (machine building, arms industry in particular) and education. The Mytishchi Machine-Building Plant and Metrovagonmash (a manufacturer of train cars) are two large employers.
Architecture
Cultural heritage sites
The city has a number of cultural heritage sites
- Settlement "Mytishchi-1" (a monument of archeology of the XV-XVIII centuries) - Yaroslavl highway, 60–88, 61–91.
- The complex of buildings of the Mytishchi car-building plant (part of the Metrovagonmash plant (MMZ)) (late 19th - early 20th century).
- Two dachas in the dacha village of Perlovka : a wooden dacha of the Ageev merchants (architectural monument, 1900s) - Pionerskaya st., 10.
- The Mytishchi pumping station (part of Catherine the Great's Mytishchi water pipeline) in the Losiny Ostrov National Park.
- Church of the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God (architectural monument, 1713) - Yaroslavskoe shosse, 93.
- Church of the Annunciation in Taininsky (architectural monument, 1675–1677).
- Church of the Don Icon of the Mother of God in Perlovka.
In 2005, the Church of the Nativity of Christ was built in the city center. On the central square, there are 4 lanterns of the late 1950s, presumably the project of M. A. Minkus. Identical lights were installed at the lobby of the Kropotkinskaya metro station (Prechistenka St.) and at the Nikulin Moscow Circus on Tsvetnoy Boulevard.
Monuments
- Monuments to Vladimir Lenin
- Monument "Bayonet" in honor of the victory in the Great Patriotic War
- Memorial of the Great Patriotic War
- Monument to the partisan V. D. Voloshina
- Monument to the pilots of the Mytishchi flying club (an exact copy of the U-2 [Po-2] aircraft). Artist-architect Valery Androsov
- Monument to the Hero of the Soviet Union pilot N. M. Raspopova
- Monument to cosmonaut G. M. Strekalov
- Monument to A. V. Suvorov
- SU-76M
- ZSU-23-4 "Shilka" (a monument to the designer N. A. Astrov, 1906–1992)
- Monument to V. M. Kolontsov (1888-1920), the commander of the Red Guard detachment, who died during the Civil War in battles with the White Guards, the central street of old Mytishchi, Kolontsova Street, is named after him
- Monument to D. M. Kedrin
- Monument to the Mytishchi water pipeline
- Monument to the ancient portage that existed on the site of the modern city (wooden sculpture "Ladya" near the Central Park of Culture and Culture of Mytishchi)
- Monument to the employees of the Mytishchi police, participants of the Great Patriotic War
- Monument to military signalmen
- Monument to the citizens of Mytishchi who died in the line of military and official duty and in local conflicts
- Sculpture "A cat without a tail" from the sister city of Gabrovo
- Monument to Olya Lukoya at the puppet theater "Ognivo"
- Monument to the Family, love and fidelity
- Monument to Nicholas II
- Monument to the subway car
- Monument to the samovar
- Monument to General Pyotr Deinekin at the Federal Military Memorial Cemetery. Opened in August 2018
Twin towns – sister cities
Mytishchi is twinned with:[12]
Angarsk, Russia
Bakhchysarai, Ukraine
Baranovichi, Belarus- Barysaw, Belarus
Düren (district), Germany
Gabrovo, Bulgaria
Lecco, Italy- Smalyavichy, Belarus
- Zhodzina, Belarus
Former twin towns:
In March 2022, Panevėžys and Płock suspended their partnerships with Mytishchi as a response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[13][14]
Culture
Mass Media
There are three local TV channels: "Our Mytishchi" - the channel that belongs to the town, "The first Mytishchinsky", and "TV Mytishchi" (on the TV channel of Moscow region 360°) - district television.
Theatres
There is Ognivo puppet theatre, FEST drama and comedy theatre, and youth theater Domoy (Homewards).
Notable people
People born in Mytishchi:
- Mikhail Egorovich Alekseev (1949-2014), linguist
- Yuri Bezmenov (1939-1993), journalist
- Ivan Dmitriyevich Borisov (1913-1939), pilot
- Yevgeny Dietrich (born 1973), politician
- Vadim Evseev (born 1976), football coach
- Anna Frolova (born 2005), figure skater
- Alexey Glyzin (born 1954), actor
- Tatyana Golikova (born 1966), politician
- Elizaveta Khudaiberdieva (born 2002), ice dancer
- Evgeny Kirillov (born 1987), tennis player
- Yelena Kondakova (born 1957), cosmonaut
- Pavel Maykov (born 1975), actor
- Dmitry Miller (born 1972), actor
- Svetlana Moskalets (born 1969), heptathlete
- Alexander Pichushkin (born 1974), serial killer
- Stanislav Pozhlakov (1937-2003), musician
- Mikhail Semichastny (1910-1978), football player
- Artyom Serikov (born 2000), ice hockey player
- Roman Sharonov (born 1976), football coach
- Gennady Strekalov (1940-2004), cosmonaut
- Viktoria Vasilieva (born 2003), figure skater
- Aleksei Yeroshkin (born 1987), football player
References
Notes
- Resolution #123-PG
- Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- "26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
- Law #198/2004-OZ
- "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- "Climate and ecology of Mytishchi". nesiditsa.ru.
- "LUNA - Workspace". davidrumsey.com. Retrieved May 11, 2022.
- Spravochnik po administrativno-territorialʹnomu delenii︠u︡ Moskovskoĭ oblasti 1929-2004 gg. G. E. Kiri︠u︡shin, Г. Е. Кирюшин, T︠S︡entralʹnyĭ gosudarstvennyĭ arkhiv Moskovskoĭ oblasti, Центральный государственный архив Московской области. Moskva: Kuchkovo Pole. 2011. p. 365. ISBN 978-5-9950-0105-8. OCLC 733323500.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - Error: Unable to display the reference properly. See the documentation for details.
- Error: Unable to display the reference properly. See the documentation for details.
- "Города-побратимы Мытищ: расстояние дружбе не помеха". inmytishchi.ru (in Russian). IN Mytishchi. July 3, 2019. Retrieved February 3, 2020.
- "Płock zawiesza partnerską współpracę z rosyjskimi i białoruskimi miastami" (in Polish). Retrieved March 13, 2022.
- "Panevėžys nutraukė bendradarbiavimą su Rusijos ir Baltarusijos miestais partneriais" (in Lithuanian). Retrieved March 3, 2022.
Sources
- Губернатор Московской области. Постановление №123-ПГ от 28 сентября 2010 г. «Об учётных данных административно-территориальных и территориальных единиц Московской области», в ред. Постановления №252-ПГ от 26 июня 2015 г. «О внесении изменения в учётные данные административно-территориальных и территориальных единиц Московской области». Опубликован: "Информационный вестник Правительства МО", №10, 30 октября 2010 г. (Governor of Moscow Oblast. Resolution #123-PG of September 28, 2010 On the Inventory Data of the Administrative-Territorial and Territorial Units of Moscow Oblast, as amended by the Resolution #252-PG of June 26, 2015 On Amending the Inventory Data of the Administrative-Territorial and Territorial Units of Moscow Oblast. ).
- Московская областная Дума. Закон №198/2004-ОЗ от 29 декабря 2004 г. «О статусе и границах Мытищинского муниципального района и вновь образованных в его составе муниципальных образований», в ред. Закона №73/2015-ОЗ от 5 мая 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Закон Московской области "О статусе и границах Мытищинского муниципального района и вновь образованных в его составе муниципальных образований" и Закон Московской области "О статусе и границах Пушкинского муниципального района и вновь образованных в его составе муниципальных образований"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Ежедневные Новости. Подмосковье", №13, 26 января 2005 г. (Moscow Oblast Duma. Law #198/2004-oZ of December 29, 2004 On the Status and the Borders of Mytishchinsky Municipal District and the Newly Established Municipal Formations Comprising It, as amended by the Law #73/2015-OZ of May 5, 2015 On Amending the Law of Moscow Oblast "On the Status and the Borders of Mytishchinsky Municipal District and the Municipal Formations Comprising It" and the Law of Moscow Oblast "On the Status and the Borders of Pushkinsky Municipal District and the Newly Established Municipal Formations Comprising It". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
External links
- Official website of Mytishchi (in Russian)
- Unofficial website of Mytishchi Archived July 11, 2008, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)