National Baseball Congress World Series

The National Baseball Congress World Series or NBC World Series is an annual, collegiate and semi-pro baseball tournament held in Wichita, Kansas. Satchel Paige, Don Sutton, Tom Seaver, Ozzie Smith, Tony Gwynn, Barry Bonds and Roger Clemens are just a few of the Major League Baseball stars that have played in the tournament.[1]

NBC World Series
FrequencyAnnual
Location(s)Wichita, Kansas, USA
InauguratedAugust 1935
(Lawrence Stadium, Wichita, Kansas, United States)
Most recentAugust 2022
(Eck Stadium, Wichita, Kansas, United States)
Next eventAugust 3–12, 2023
(Eck Stadium, Wichita, Kansas, United States)
Participants16 NBC affiliated amateur teams qualify
Organized byNational Baseball Congress
Websitenbcbaseball.com

When the national tournament started in 1935, participants were primarily town teams and industrial teams. Team rosters featured aging, former minor league and major league ballplayers and players ineligible for major league baseball. In the mid-1960s team rosters transitioned to collegiate players, including prospects on the fast path to the major leagues.[2] In 1975, the NBC World Series began recognizing a tournament participant who went on to a major league career as Graduate of the Year.[3]

The first NBC World Series called the "Little World Series" was held August 13–27, 1935 at Lawrence Stadium in Wichita. National Baseball Congress founder, Hap Dumont, was director of the National Tournament Committee of Wichita that put on the tournament. Thirty-two teams were invited to the first national tournament. A focus was put on diversity with five teams classified as "integrated", one team consisted of Native American players and another of Japanese players.[4]

Future Baseball Hall of Famer, Satchel Paige, was signed to a $1,000 personal appearance contract for the 1935 tournament. A victim of the baseball color barrier, Paige was not eligible to play minor league or major league baseball. Paige won four games, striking out 60 batters while leading the Bismarck Churchills to the first NBC World Series championship. He was named MVP of the tournament.

Dumont recruited Baseball Hall of Fame member Honus Wagner as the guest of honor at the 1935 opening night banquet. In addition to Wagner, celebrity guests that have been honored at the opening night banquet include: Stan Musial, Mickey Mantle, Dizzy Dean, Connie Mack, Allie Reynolds, Fred Clarke and Rin Tin Tin.[5]

Teams bolstered by military service players dominated the WWII (1943–1945) and Korean War (1952–1955) tournaments. During these eras, major league players were serving at military bases across the country and playing for the base teams. 1953 World Series MVP Billy Martin played in the 1954 NBC World Series with the Goodland, Kansas Tigers. A new rule making major league "name" stars unavailable in National Baseball Congress tournaments was implemented following the 1955 NBC World Series.[6]


NBC Champions

YearChampionRunner-UpMVP
2023Hutchinson MonarchsSanta Barbara Foresters
2022Santa Barbara ForestersHays LarksGavin Kash (Santa Barbara)
2021Lonestar, TexasJustin Eckhardt (Santa Barbara)
2020Cheney Diamond DawgsSean Johnson (Santa Barbara)
2019Seattle StudsHenry Cheney (Seattle)
2018Santa Barbara ForestersNJCAA National TeamPatrick Mathis (Santa Barbara)
2017Kansas StarsEverett MerchantsRyan Langerhans (Kansas)
2016Santa Barbara ForestersHays LarksJacob Patterson (Santa Barbara)
2015Seattle StudsHaysville AviatorsConnor Savage (Seattle)
2014Santa Barbara ForestersSeattle StudsJon Duplantier (Santa Barbara)
2013Seattle StudsWellington HeatDavid Benson (Seattle)
2012Santa Barbara ForestersSeattle StudsZach Fish (Santa Barbara)
2011Peninsula OilersMitch Morrman (Santa Barbara)
2010Liberal Bee Jays Seattle StudsPaul Gonzalez (Liberal)
2009El Dorado BroncosAnchorage Glacier PilotsJake Sabol (El Dorado)
2008Santa Barbara ForestersSeattle StudsKevin Keyes (Santa Barbara)
2007Lake Havasu City HeatHays LarksBrad Arnett (Havasu, Arizona Heat)
2006Santa Barbara ForestersDerby, Kansas TwinsJon Qualls & Matt Whitaker (Derby)
2005Prairie Gravel (IL)Santa Barbara ForestersRyan Annetsberger (Prairie Gravel)
2004Aloha Knights (OR)Mat-Su MinersScott Simon (Mat-Su)
2003Chinese TaipeiSanta Barbara ForestersChang-Wei Tu (Taipei)
2002Alaska Goldpanners of FairbanksAnchorage Glacier PilotsBlake Gill (Fairbanks)
2001Anchorage Glacier PilotsHays LarksJeff Francis (Anchorage)
2000Liberal, Kansas BeeJaysCory Metzler (Liberal)
1999Dallas, Texas PhilliesPeninsula OilersMarco Cunningham (Dallas)
1998El Dorado BroncosNevada, Missouri GriffonsJason Aspito (El Dorado)
1997Mat-Su MinersJeff Juarez (Nevada)
1996El Dorado BroncosTacoma, Washington TimbersKevin Frederick (El Dorado)
1995Team USAHays LarksLance Berkman (Hays)
1994Peninsula OilersWichita BroncosJesse Zepeda (Peninsula)
1993Beatrice, Nebraska BruinsJeff Poor (Peninsula)
1992Midlothian, Illinois White SoxLiberal, Kansas BeeJaysMike Kane (Midlothian)
1991Anchorage Glacier PilotsPeninsula OilersChris Hmielewski (Peninsula)
1990Wichita BroncosMidlothian, Illinois White SoxKirk Vucsko (Midlothian)
1989Grand Rapids, Michigan SullivansJim Huslig (El Dorado, Kansas Broncos)
1988Everett, Washington MerchantsMidlothian, Illinois White SoxDave Wong (Everett)
1987Mat-Su MinersWichita BroncosKen Kreimers (Mat-Su)
1986Anchorage Glacier PilotsGrand Rapids, Michigan Sullivan-PolynesiansSteve Bales (Anchorage)
1985Liberal, Kansas BeeJaysNorth Pole NicksKerry Richardson (Liberal)
1984Grand Rapids, Michigan Sullivan-PolynesiansLiberal, Kansas BeeJaysBill Bates (Grand Rapids)
1983Alaska Goldpanners of FairbanksCurtis Morgan (Grand Rapids)
1982Santa Maria, California IndiansAnchorage Glacier PilotsDave Hengel (Santa Maria)
1981Clarinda, Iowa A'sLiberal, Kansas BeeJaysKeith Mucha (Clarinda)
1980Alaska Goldpanners of FairbanksKevin McReynolds (Fairbanks)
1979Liberal, Kansas BeeJaysSanta Maria, California IndiansGary D'Onofrio (Liberal)
1978Boulder CollegiansRapid City, South Dakota Macy's DieselsBob Ferris (Boulder)
1977Peninsula OilersAlaska Goldpanners of FairbanksBob Skube (Peninsula)
1976Alaska Goldpanners of FairbanksAnchorage Glacier PilotsGreg Harris (Fairbanks)
1975Boulder CollegiansAlaska Goldpanners of FairbanksMike Colbern (Boulder)
1974Alaska Goldpanners of FairbanksBoulder CollegiansSteve Kemp (Fairbanks)
1973Liberal, Kansas BeeJaysLee Iorg (Fairbanks)
1972Anchorage Glacier PilotsKerry Dineen (Fairbanks)
1971Anchorage Glacier PilotsAlaska Goldpanners of FairbanksBruce Bochte (Anchorage)
1970Grand Rapids, Michigan Sullivan-PolynesiansAnchorage Glacier PilotsAl Gerhardt (Grand Rapids)
1969Anchorage Glacier PilotsLiberal, Kansas BeeJaysChris Chambliss (Anchorage)
1968Liberal, Kansas BeeJaysJackson, Mississippi BravesJoe Tanner (Jackson)
1967Boulder CollegiansHonolulu, Hawaii IslandersFrank Duffy (Boulder)
1966West Point, Mississippi PackersRay Henningsen (Boulder)
1965Wichita, Kansas DreamlinersLiberal, Kansas BeeJaysBob Boyd (Wichita Dreamliners)
1964Wichita, Kansas GlassmenAlaska Goldpanners of FairbanksDick Sanders (Wichita, Kansas Service Auto)
1963Wichita, Kansas DreamlinersPonchatoula, Louisiana AthleticsSam Suplizio (Fairbanks)
1962Alaska Goldpanners of FairbanksRocky Krsnich (Wichita, Kansas Rapid Transit)
1961Ponchatoula, Louisiana AthleticsGrand Rapids, Michigan Sullivan-PolynesiansAl Ware (Grand Rapids)
1960Grand Rapids, Michigan Sullivan-PolynesiansPonchatoula, Louisiana AthleticsBob Seltzer (Tampa-Gibsonton, Florida)
1959Houston, Texas FedElgin, Illinois AthleticsClyde Girrens (Wichita, Kansas Weller)
1958Drain, Oregon Black SoxAlpine, Texas CowboysJim O'Rourke (Drain, Oregon Black Sox)
1957Sinton, Texas Plymouth OilersFort Wayne, Indiana DairymenWilmer Fields (Fort Wayne)
1956Fort Wayne, Indiana DairymenDeming, Washington LoggersClyde McCullough (Alpine, Texas Cowboys)
1955Wichita, Kansas Boeing BombersSinton, Texas Plymouth OilersDaryl Spencer (Boeing)
1954Springfield, Missouri GeneralsDon Lee (Casa Grande, Arizona Cotton Kings)
1953Fort Leonard Wood HilltoppersWichita, Kansas Boeing BombersRobert McKee (Fort Leonard Wood)
1952Fort Myer Military District of WAFort Leonard Wood HilltoppersDanny O'Connell (Fort Myer)
1951Sinton, Texas Plymouth OilersAtwater, California PackersSteve Rapach (Sinton)
1950Fort Wayne, Indiana CapehartsElk City, Oklahoma ElksPat Scantlebury (Fort Wayne)
1949Fort Wayne, Indiana G-E ClubGolden, Colorado CoorsBill Ricks (Fort Wayne)
1948Elkin, North Carolina Chatham BlanketeersVeo Story (Elkin)
1947Golden, Colorado CoorsBruno Konopka (Golden)
1946St. Joseph, Michigan AuscosCarmichael, California FiremenLes Lollis (Carmichael)
1945Enid Army Air FieldOrlando Army Air BaseCot Deal (Enid)
1944Sherman Field, Kansas FlyersEnid Army Air Field
1943Camp Wheeler, Georgia SpokesGeorge Archie (Fort Riley, Kansas CRTC)
1942Wichita, Kansas Boeing BombersWaco, Texas DonsEd Borom (Boeing Bombers)
1941Enid, Oklahoma ChamplinsRed Barkley (Enid)
1940Mount Pleasant, Texas CubsVance Cauble (Enid)
1939Duncan, Oklahoma HalliburtonsRoy Helser (Silverton, Oregon Red Sox)
1938Buford, Georgia Bona AllensEnid, Oklahoma Eason OilersAndy Johnson (Buford)
1937Enid, Oklahoma Eason OilersBuford, Georgia Bona AllensClaude Gilchrist (Enid)
1936Duncan, Oklahoma HalliburtonsHarry White (Duncan)
1935Bismarck, North Dakota ChurchillsDuncan, Oklahoma HalliburtonsSatchel Paige (Bismarck)

NBC World Series Champions[7] and MVPs.[8]

NBC Graduate of the Year

Year Player MLB Team NBC Team(s)
2022C. J. CronLos Angeles Angels 
2021Jeff McNeilNew York MetsSanta Barbara Foresters (2010 & 2011)  
2020Tim AndersonChicago White SoxDodge City A's  
2019Jed LowrieNew York YankeesAnchorage Glacier Pilots (2011)  
2018Aaron JudgeNew York YankeesAnchorage Glacier Pilots (2011)  
2017Danny ValenciaBaltimore OriolesAnchorage Glacier Pilots (2005)
2016Ian KinslerDetroit TigersLiberal BeeJays (2001)
2015Hunter PenceSan Francisco GiantsLiberal BeeJays (2003)
2012Michael YoungTexas RangersAlaska Goldpanners (1996)
2011Heath BellSan Diego PadresEl Dorado Broncos (1997)
2010Mark TeixeiraNew York YankeesMaryland Battlecats (1998)
2009Tim LincecumSan Francisco GiantsSeattle Studs (2004)
2008Joba ChamberlainNew York YankeesBeatrice Bruins (2004 & 2005)
2007Jeff FrancisColorado RockiesAnchorage Glacier Pilots (2001)
2006B. J. RyanToronto Blue JaysHays Larks (1996)
2005Morgan EnsbergHouston AstrosSanta Barbara Foresters (1996)
2004Nate RobertsonDetroit TigersEl Dorado Broncos (1996 & 1998)
2003Albert PujolsSt. Louis CardinalsHays Larks (1999)
2002Lance BerkmanHouston AstrosHays Larks (1995)
2001Luis GonzalezArizona DiamondbacksNorth Pole Nicks (1987)
2000Eric KarrosLos Angeles DodgersNorth Pole Nicks (1987)
1999Trevor HoffmanSan Diego PadresNevada Griffons (1987)
1998Robin VenturaChicago White SoxSanta Marian Indians (1986)
1997Brett ButlerLos Angeles DodgersOK City Utility Towers (1977)/Hutchinson Broncos (1978)
1996Chuck KnoblauchMinnesota TwinsClarinda A's (1987)
1995Mark GraceChicago CubsNorth Pole Nicks (1985)
1994Jimmy KeyNew York YankeesKenai Peninsula Oilers (1981)
1993Barry BondsSan Francisco GiantsFairbanks Goldpanners (1983)/Hutchinson Broncos (1984)
1992Andy BenesSan Diego PadresClarinda A's (1987)
1991Bob WelchOakland A'sBoulder Collegians (1976)
1990John OlerudToronto Blue JaysKenai Peninsula Oilers (1988)
1989Rafael PalmeiroTexas RangersHutchinson Broncos (1984)
1988Mark McGwireOakland A'sAnchorage Glacier Pilots (1982)
1987Joe CarterCleveland IndiansBoulder Collegians (1979)
1986Roger ClemensBoston Red SoxHutchinson Broncos (1982)
1985Tony GwynnSan Diego PadresBoulder Collegians (1980)
1984Ron KittleChicago White SoxChicago AHEPA (1978)
1983Dave StiebToronto Blue JaysKenai Peninsula Oilers (1977 & 1978)
1982Steve RogersMontreal ExposLiberal Bee Jays (1980)
1981Steve KempPittsburgh PiratesLiberal BeeJays (1973)/Fairbanks (1974)
1980Bruce BochteOakland A'sHumboldt Crabs (1969)/Anchorage Glacier Pilots (1971)
1979Dave WinfieldSan Diego PadresFairbanks Goldpanners (1971 & 1972)
1978Ron GuidryNew York YankeesLiberal Bee Jays (1970)
1977Chris ChamblissAtlanta BravesAnchorage Glacier Pilots (1969)
1976Randy JonesNew York MetsAnchorage Glacier Pilots (1971)
1975Mike HargroveCleveland IndiansLiberal BeeJays (1972)

Since 1975 the NBC World Series has recognized a former participant as "Graduate of the Year".[9]

History

Founder

Founder Raymond Harry "Hap" Dumont (1904–1971) spent his career working in sports. Early in life, he was a sports editor for newspapers in Wichita and Hutchinson. He also promoted boxing and wrestling matches. When the opportunity arose, he sold sporting equipment, succeeding in the mail-order business even as the great depression lingered.[10]

Dumont got his start promoting baseball with a game between circus clowns and firemen in 1925. Kansas had blue laws at the time that limited business activities on Sundays; that included the circus but not baseball. Sparks Bros Circus clowns and roustabouts inquired about playing a local baseball team to earn some extra money on their day off. Dumont setup the game at Island Park located on Ackerman Island in Wichita. Abe Goldstein, a famous clown, performed on the field and in the stands. The clowns did not provide all of the tricks as the Firemen's centerfielder patrolled the outfield on the back of a motorcycle driven by a policeman. A sellout crowd of 3,500 turned out to see the game.[11][12][13]

Island Park burnt down in 1933 when a cigarette ignited the wooden structure. Without a venue to host his baseball games, Dumont petitioned the city of Wichita for a W.P.A. project to construct a new stadium. He presented an idea for a national, semi-professional baseball tournament to be held in Wichita. An idea that had not occurred to Dumont prior to the conversation.[13] Lawrence Stadium was constructed prior to the 1934 baseball season. In 1978, Lawrence Stadium was renamed Lawrence-Dumont Stadium in honor of Dumont.[14]

Dumont continued to use gimmicks to promote his baseball tournaments. Games were held early in the morning when graveyard shifts ended. An emphasis was put on "wumps", women umpires. One rule allowed the batter to run to either first or third base when the bases were unoccupied. Dumont had a microphone installed at home plate. When activated the microphone would rise up from the ground, allowing arguments at the plate to be broadcast to the whole stadium. To keep games moving at a rapid pace, he implemented an air device that could dust home plate. A timer with a buzzer was installed on the outfield wall. If either team took more than 90 seconds between innings or 20 seconds between pitches, a ball or strike was awarded to penalize the offender[13][15]

In 1945, Dumont created a national uproar with a plan for a global tournament. Just five days after Japan surrendered in World War II, Dumont announced his plan for a September tournament that would include an invitation to Japan. Dumont quickly withdrew the proposal and the tournament was not held.[16] Five years later with the authorization of General Douglas MacArthur, the series was held in Tokyo and Osaka Japan.[17]

Dumont died in his office on July 3, 1971 while preparing for the 1971 National Baseball Congress World Series.[18] His wife, Anne Dumont, retained ownership of the National Baseball Congress with Larry Davis leading the organization.[19]

National Baseball Congress

The National Baseball Congress is best known for promoting amateur baseball games, but their reach extended beyond the games. The National Baseball Congress printed an Official Baseball Annual that included two hundred pages of rules and records. A pocket size version of baseball rules was also printed. Certification was provided for umpires, scorers and leagues through the National Baseball Congress. Player contracts were tracked via a national system to prevent "team jumping". The organization also sold trophies, medals, baseballs, umpire equipment and even insurance.[13]

Wichita businessman Dee Hubbard purchased the National Baseball Congress in 1972, following the death of Hap Dumont. The organization was renamed National Baseball Congress of America.[20]

State Tournaments

In 1931, Dumont established the Kansas Invitation Baseball Tournament to determine a semi-pro champion in the state of Kansas. Thirty-two teams were invited to the inaugural event, a single elimination tournament held at Island Park in Wichita.[21] Abilene won the first Kansas tournament.[22]

Additional state tournaments were organized in the following years, eventually including all fifty states. When the national tournament, NBC World Series, was established in 1935 the state tournament champions qualified for the national tournament.[23]

The state tournaments eventually became qualifying tournaments to regional tournaments, rather than the national tournament. Regional tournament champions qualified for the national tournament.[24]

Global Tournaments

With district, state, regional and a national tournament in place, Dumont set out to establish a non-professional global tournament. He started in 1939, with a seven-game series between the NBC World Series champion representing the United States and the Puerto Rico national champion from Guayama. In 1948, a Can-Am Series with Canada was billed as the Sandlot Baseball World Series. 1950 and 1952 matched the NBC World Series champion against Japan in the Inter-Hemisphere Series.[25]

International Series

YearUnited StatesOpponentLocationResult
1952Fort Myer, Virginia ColonialsJapan, Osaka All-KaneboKorakuen Stadium (3) and Osaka, Japan (2)Fort Myer in 5 Games[26]
1950Fort Wayne, Indiana General ElectricsJapan, Osaka All-KaneboKorakuen Stadium (3) and Osaka, Japan (2)Fort Wayne in 5 Games[27]
1949Fort Wayne, Indiana KekiongasCanada, Kitchener, Ontario LegionnairesFort Wayne, IndianaFort Wayne in 6 Games. Spring 1950.[28]
1948Fort Wayne, Indiana General ElectricsCanada, London MajorsLabatt ParkLondon in 7 Games[29]
1940Enid, Oklahoma ChamplinsPuerto Rico, Guayama BrujosSixto Escobar StadiumEnid in 7 Games[30]
1939Duncan, Oklahoma HalliburtonsPuerto Rico, Guayama BrujosSixto Escobar StadiumGuayama in 7 Games[31]


In 1955, a non-professional Global Series was organized. Teams representing Canada, Columbia, Hawaii (a U.S. Territory until 1959), Holland, Japan, Mexico, Puerto Rico and Spain played in the eight team tournament. The NBC World Series champion represented the United States.[32][33] The Global Series only lasted three seasons.

Global Series 1955–1957

YearChampionRunner-UpLocation
1957Japan, Kumagai Gumi[34][35]Canada, Edmonton EskimosBriggs Stadium
1956United States, Fort Wayne, Indiana Allen Dairy[36]Hawaii, Honolulu Red SoxMilwaukee County Stadium
1955United States, Wichita, Kansas Boeing Bombers[37]Hawaii, Honolulu Red SoxMilwaukee County Stadium

See also


References

  1. "GRADUATE OF THE YEAR". nbcbaseball.com.
  2. Broeg, Bob. Baseball's Barnum. The Wichita State University. p. 144.
  3. "GRADUATE OF THE YEAR". nbcbaseball.com.
  4. Broeg, Bob. Baseball's Barnum. The Wichita State University. p. 42.
  5. Broeg, Bob. Baseball's Barnum. The Wichita State University. p. 180.
  6. The Wichita Eagle and Beacon Staff. "Big League Stars Out", The Wichita Eagle and Beacon, July 26, 1955, p.17.
  7. "NBC WORLD SERIES CHAMPIONS". nbcbaseball.com.
  8. "NBC BASEBALL MVPs". nbcbaseball.com.
  9. "GRADUATE OF THE YEAR". nbcbaseball.com.
  10. Broeg, Bob. Baseball's Barnum. The Wichita State University. p. 8–9.
  11. Staff. "FAMOUS CLOWN WILL ENTERTAIN FANS", The Wichita Daily Eagle, August 11, 1925, p.14.
  12. Staff. "FIREMEN TO STAGE NOVEL BASEBALL STUNTS SUNDAY", The Wichita Daily Eagle, August 16, 1925, pp. 14–15.
  13. Dilsaver, Dick. "Ray Dumont Parallels Barnum With Promotions of Baseball", The Wichita Eagle, August 15, 1968, p.25.
  14. Wichita Beacon Staff. "Stadium is Renamed", The Wichita Beacon, May 23, 1978, p.26.
  15. Lardner, John. "From the Press Box", Evening Star, August 15, 1940, p.46.
  16. U.P. "CELLER BLASTS DUMONTS PROPOSAL", The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, August 20, 1945, p.11.
  17. Grayson, Harry. "Inter-Hemisphere Baseball Tourney Planned in Japan", Shamokin News-Dispatch, June 5, 1950, p.10.
  18. Mullen, Dale. "Ray Dumont Wichita Baseball Promoter Dies", The Wichita Beacon, July 4, 1971, pp.1,9.
  19. Stewart, Bob. "Davis to Guide NBC Programs", The Wichita Beacon, July 11, 1971, p.51.
  20. Hodge, Bill. "Final Chapter of Dumonts Long Career Unfolds With Sale of Baseball Congress", The Wichita Eagle, February 3, 1972, p.30.
  21. The Wichita Eagle Staff. "STATES BEST BALL CLUBS IN TOURNEY FOR KANSAS TITLE", The Wichita Eagle, August 2, 1931, p.21.
  22. The Wichita Eagle Staff. "Abilene Wins Baseball Tourney", The Wichita Eagle, August 17, 1931, p.2.
  23. The Wichita Eagle Staff. "OUTLINE PROGRAM OF NATIONAL MEET", The Wichita Eagle, September 8, 1935, p.24.
  24. The Wichita Eagle and Beacon Staff. "NBC: Same Goals Only Streamlined", The Wichita Eagle and Beacon, July 13, 1975, p.6E.
  25. Martin, Whitney. "Duncan Champions Gape Gasp At Big City Then Sail Away", The Daily Oklahoman, September 1, 1939, p.31.
  26. Daily Press Staff. "Calderone Stars As Myer Wins 9–1", Daily Press, September 18, 1952, p.8.
  27. Lightner, Pete. "Capeharts Praise Japanese Fans", The Wichita Eagle, September 22, 1950, p.8.
  28. Staff. "Fort Wayne Wins Baseball Crown", The Sault Star, May 13, 1950, p.12.
  29. The Wichita Eagle Staff. "London Majors Rip Voltmen", The Wichita Eagle, September 30, 1948, p.12.
  30. The Wichita Eagle Staff. "Enid Defeats Puerto Rico", The Wichita Eagle, October 2, 1940, p.10.
  31. The Wichita Eagle Staff. "DUNCAN IS TWICE DEFEATED SUNDAY BY PUERTO RICO", The Wichita Eagle, September 18, 1939, p.8.
  32. The Capital Times Staff. "Milwaukee Host to Global Series", The Capital Times, September 7, 1955, p.19.
  33. The Wichita Eagle Staff. "Global Series Opens Friday", The Wichita Eagle, September 2, 1956, p.23.
  34. Fleming, Don. "Japan's Tiny Terror Osawa Rips Ball Crown Hopes Away From Esks", Edmonton Journal, September 19, 1957, p.12.
  35. Staff. "Japan Nine Here For Games Sunday", The Honolulu Advertiser, September 26, 1957, p.47.
  36. The Wichita Eagle Staff. "GLOBAL CHAMPIONS AND SPOILS", The Wichita Eagle, September 15, 1956, p.20.
  37. Lightner, Pete. "Boeing Whips Hawaii in 11th for Global Title", The Wichita Eagle, September 30, 1955, p.13.


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