Neognathostomata

The Neognathostomata are a superorder of sea urchins.

Neognathostomata
Temporal range:
Echinocyamus pusillus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Echinodermata
Class: Echinoidea
Infraclass: Irregularia
Superorder: Neognathostomata
Smith, 1981
Orders

Cassiduloida
Clypeasteroida
Echinolampadoida

Description and characteristics

They are distinguished from other sea urchins by their irregular shape and a highly modified feeding lantern. The group includes the well known sand dollars, as well as some less familiar and extinct forms.

Taxonomy

Test of a Clypeaster reticulatus (Clypeasterina).
Mellita longifissa ("sand dollar").
Fossil of an Echinolampas hemisphaericus (Echinolampadoida).
  • family Apatopygidae Kier, 1962
  • family Archiaciidae Cotteau & Triger, 1869
  • order Cassiduloida
    • superfamily Cassidulina (Philip, 1963b)
    • superfamily Neolampadina (Philip, 1963b)
      • family Neolampadidae (Lambert, 1918a)
      • family Pliolampadidae (Kier, 1962)
  • order Clypeasteroida A.Agassiz, 1872 ("sand dollars")
    • suborder Clypeasterina
      • family Clypeasteridae L. Agassiz, 1835
      • family Fossulasteridae Philip & Foster, 1971
      • family Scutellinoididae Irwin, 1995
    • family Conoclypidae von Zittel, 1879
    • family Faujasiidae Lambert, 1905
    • family Oligopygidae Duncan, 1889
    • family Plesiolampadidae Lambert, 1905
    • suborder Scutellina
      • infraorder Laganiformes
      • infraorder Scutelliformes
        • family Echinarachniidae Lambert in Lambert & Thiéry, 1914
        • family Eoscutellidae Durham, 1955
        • family Protoscutellidae Durham, 1955
        • family Rotulidae Gray, 1855
        • superfamily Scutellidea Gray, 1825
          • family Abertellidae Durham, 1955
          • family Astriclypeidae Stefanini, 1912
          • family Dendrasteridae Lambert, 1900
          • family Mellitidae Stefanini, 1912
          • family Monophorasteridae Lahille, 1896
          • family Scutasteridae Durham, 1955
          • family Scutellidae Gray, 1825
        • family Taiwanasteridae Wang, 1984
      • family Scutellinidae Pomel, 1888a
  • family Clypeidae Lambert, 1898
  • family Clypeolampadidae Kier, 1962
  • order Echinolampadoida
  • family Nucleolitidae L. Agassiz & Desor, 1847
  • family Pygaulidae Lambert, 1905
  • genus Pygolampas Saucède, Dudicourt & Courville, 2012

References

  • Barnes, Robert D. (1982). Invertebrate Zoology. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. p. 981. ISBN 0-03-056747-5.
  • Kroh A, Mooi R (eds.). "Neognathostomata". World Echinoidea Database. World Register of Marine Species.


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