Neurogliaform cell

Neurogliaform cells (NGF) are inhibitory (GABAergic) interneurons found in the cortex and the hippocampus. NGF cells represent approximately 10% of the total hippocampal inhibitory interneuron population.[1]

In terms of morphology, they are comparatively small and have an unusually high presynaptic bouton density.[2] Almost all NGF neurons express neuropeptide Y (NPY) and are commonly positive for other signalling and non-signalling peptides, including reelin, α-actinin 2, COUP-TFII, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS).[2] However, populations of NGF cells which do not express NPY have been reported in both cortical layer I[3] and the striatum.[4]

Developmentally, in the cortex, all NGF cells are derived from caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE) but NGF cells of the hippocampus have their origins within both the CGE and the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE).[2]

Functionally, NGF cells are GABAergic and their function in the mature brain is inhibition. However, they are suspected to signal more through volume transmission as opposed to the typical chemical synapse. One study found that approximately 78% of neurogliaform cell boutons did not form classical synapses and also indicated that their synaptic boutons are at a larger than usual distance from their target dendrites.[5] Taken together, this and other observations has led to the consensus that NGF cells are likely not involved primarily with “point to point” synaptic transmission but release GABA in a target independent, cloud-like manner to generate a non specific form of inhibitory control (volume transmission).[2]

See also

List of distinct cell types in the adult human body

References
  1. Bezaire, Marianne J.; Soltesz, Ivan (September 2013). "Quantitative assessment of CA1 local circuits: knowledge base for interneuron-pyramidal cell connectivity". Hippocampus. 23 (9): 751–785. doi:10.1002/hipo.22141. ISSN 1098-1063. PMC 3775914. PMID 23674373.
  2. Chris J. McBain; Overstreet-Wadiche, Linda (August 2015). "Neurogliaform cells in cortical circuits". Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 16 (8): 458–468. doi:10.1038/nrn3969. ISSN 1471-0048. PMC 5207343. PMID 26189693.
  3. Jiang, Xiaolong; Wang, Guangfu; Lee, Alice J.; Stornetta, Ruth L.; Zhu, J. Julius (February 2013). "The organization of two novel cortical interneuronal circuits". Nature Neuroscience. 16 (2): 210–218. doi:10.1038/nn.3305. ISSN 1097-6256. PMC 3589105. PMID 23313910.
  4. Muñoz-Manchado, A. B.; Foldi, C.; Szydlowski, S.; Sjulson, L.; Farries, M.; Wilson, C.; Silberberg, G.; Hjerling-Leffler, J. (2016-01-01). "Novel Striatal GABAergic Interneuron Populations Labeled in the 5HT3aEGFP Mouse". Cerebral Cortex. 26 (1): 96–105. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhu179. ISSN 1047-3211. PMC 4677971. PMID 25146369.
  5. Oláh, Szabolcs; Füle, Miklós; Komlósi, Gergely; Varga, Csaba; Báldi, Rita; Barzó, Pál; Tamás, Gábor (2009-10-29). "Regulation of cortical microcircuits by unitary GABA-mediated volume transmission". Nature. 461 (7268): 1278–1281. Bibcode:2009Natur.461.1278O. doi:10.1038/nature08503. ISSN 1476-4687. PMC 2771344. PMID 19865171.
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