New Zealand Cadet Forces

The first unit raised was at Otago Boys' High School in 1864, making it one of the oldest youth service organisations in New Zealand. By 1870 there were several secondary school units in existence, among the first being Nelson College, Christ's College, Wellington College and Auckland Grammar School.

From 1864 until 1902 the training followed that used in the British public schools. The emphasis was on rigid discipline and shooting marksmanship and it was entirely controlled by the Headmaster; the Army was not involved. The Education Act of 1902 was responsible for most secondary schools forming cadet units and the Army became directly involved in the Cadets training following their Boer War participation.

In 1911, Lord Kitchener stated, during his visit to New Zealand, that the Cadet movement had an important role to play in the Defence of the Empire. Subsequently, the Army began to provide uniforms, rifles and other equipment to the units. This Army support continued through World War I, with many school cadets making up the officers and non-commissioned officers of the First Expeditionary Force.

In 1919 Compulsory Military Training was for all males from 14 – 21 years, thus Cadet units were structured into Cadet Battalions. Territorial regiments were raised and on completion of Secondary school schoolboys were posted to these Regiments.

In 1932 CMT was abolished, but most Cadet Units continued at the schools on a voluntary basis, supported by teachers who had experienced World War I. During World War II the Army could not support the cadet movement but Officers ineligible for war service continued to manage the organisation.

In 1929 the first open Sea Cadet Corps was formed in Christchurch, by the Canterbury Navy League. Units formed in the four main centres and were controlled nationally by the Canterbury branch of the League. The Navy League continued to manage these open community Sea Cadet units even when they came under the control of the Royal New Zealand Navy.

The Air Training Corps was formed in September 1941, Its purpose was to train potential airmen, providing basic knowledge and training as well as to provide an insight into Air Force work to prepare young men for the Air Force when they were old enough.

In the 1950s specialist training appropriate to their parent service was introduced for the cadet forces. The rate of increase in the cadet movement from 1948 – 1960 eventually proved counter productive in the 1960s as the Army could not effectively support the numbers while meeting their own commitments.

By 1964 the NZCF reached peak strength, mainly in school units of 198 units, with 1,000 officers and about 54,000 cadets.

Reorganisation saw many schools cease cadet support and by 1965 there were about 20,000 cadets; further changes to support by the Army and the communities reduced school cadet numbers to 34 units and 10,300 cadets by 1970. Open community Sea Cadet Corps and Air Training Corps units had, meanwhile, slowly decreased to 55 units with 3,200 cadets.

Centralised supervision was established by the Chief of Defence Force of all three Corps and a Commandant appointed with Regular Force Defence personnel, under the control of the Commandant, provided at 5 locations around New Zealand to support units. Cadet Force officers were appointed by the Minister of Defence with Cadet Force commissions, on a voluntary unpaid basis with authority to wear military uniform and rank.

The role of the NZCF ceased being primarily of military training and the preparation of young men for the Armed Forces and became predominantly adventure and development motivated with a military flavour and about 50% military subjects associated with providing knowledge of the roles and functions of the NZDF. The new thrust was to provide "good citizenship skills" to young men under the training methods used by the Military Forces. Female cadets were accepted from approximately 1978 and although the service flavour and well tried and tested services training methods and character was retained, additional training was introduced by units, which were desired by them and the community supporters.

The loss of Government financial support and turbulent social change in the 1970s caused school units to be abandoned such that by 1985 there were only 9 remaining units, including the two earliest formed at Christ's and Nelson Colleges. Meanwhile, the Sea Cadet Corps had increased to 17 units and the ATC to 50 in the open community units. A significant development saw the introduction of Cadet Corps Units into the open community to satisfy the demand which the schools had abandoned, the first open Cadet Unit being the City of Porirua unit in October 1985.

The 1971 Defence Act,[8] established the NZCF, as a volunteer organisation, for which the Minister of Defence was responsible. The open units were required to be initiated and funded by the community and the Chief of Defence Force was authorised to "direct and supervise" the NZCF and provide military support which was initially confirmed as uniforms, training and some equipment at a cost of no greater than $400,000.

In 1991 the ATC celebrated its Golden Jubilee, 50 years since it was formed. To celebrate and raise its public profile a relay run was organised in which cadets from every unit in NZ participated. It started at either end of the country and converged in Wellington. Along the way money was collected and donated to CANTEEN-teenagers with cancer.

In 2001 the ATC celebrated its Diamond Jubilee of 60 years in operation with special parades held in each area. By this time the ATC comprised 52 Squadrons spread from Kaitaia to Invercargill and approximately 2500 cadets.

At the beginning of 2010, there were 103 Cadet Force units In New Zealand, and cadet numbers approximately 4500 with 360 cadet officers.

Cadet 150

In 2014 the NZ Cadet Forces celebrated 150 Years as one of New Zealand's oldest youth organisation.[9] This saw most of the New Zealand Cadet Forces' personnel hold the largest cadet exercise in 50 years 'Cadet 150'.[10][11][12] Held at Waiouru Army Camp this exercise ran from 24 to 30 January (with a day or two either side for movements) and had cadets from every unit in the country attending. In total around 1200 Personnel[12] attended the event with approximately 120 personnel being invited from allied cadet forces around the world.

This event also saw the inclusion of international cadet force personnel;

• 6 Cadets and 1 Officer from the Canadian Cadet Organisation[13]
• 70 Cadets and Officers from the Australian Defence Cadets. These personnel were transported to New Zealand via RAAF C-130J aircraft.

Upon arrival all cadets were separated in to 25 different teams sorted Alpha – Yankee. These Platoons represented the group cadets would belong to for the week long activity and dictated when cadets would be eating and their accommodation and was relevant to the elective that the attending cadet had chosen.

Before arriving, personnel were able to nominate an elective to participate in, which determined a set of activities they participated in:

Land Elective

The Land Elective was a day tramp over the Tongariro Crossing in the Tongariro National Park volcanic plateau.

Water Elective

The Water Elective included sailing, kayaking, life raft experience and abseiling off a dam. Conducted at Lake Moawhango.

Air Elective

The Air Elective included an air experience flight, a flight simulator, military aircraft static displays, as well as RNZAF unit presentations. Conducted at RNZAF Base Ohakea. Cadets were transported via contracted bus services to RNZAF Base Ohakea early in the morning.

General Training Programme

As well as their chosen elective, attending personnel also participated in the following activities:

2014 - Operation Tauira[14]

2014 saw the implementation of Operation Tauira, a four-year, complete overhaul of the NZCF to better align the organisation with legislation and volunteer organisation best practice, improving the linkages with the NZDF recruiting objectives and to better enable achievement of the NZCF mission. Operation Tauira also implemented deliberate future-proofing initiatives to reduce risk, particularly in health and safety, reputation and relationship management. Along with the changes the NZCF saw a complete the restructure of the Headquarters element. The new structure saw the NZCF adopt the NATO style continental staff system, with NZCF commissioned officers now taking a bigger role in running the organisation at the national and area levels. This change saw the appointment of the first ever senior NZCF officer at the rank of a Wing Commander who has control over the day to day Cadet Force volunteers, and their operational running of the organisation in consultation with the Commandant NZCF

2017 - Battle of Passchendaele, Youth Ambassadors[15]

On 11 August 2016 the Ministry for Veteran's Affairs announced the "2016 Battle of Passchendaele Multi-Media Competition".[16] Two personnel from the NZCF were selected from the general competition (Available to all year 13 students in New Zealand) to take part in the Youth Ambassadors[17] delegation to travel to Belgium. The NZCF also sent along official representatives.[18][19]

2018 - Visual Identity System

In August 2018, the New Zealand Cadet Forces introduce a new Visual Identity System.[20] Under this new system the NZCF allowed the use of Navy Cadets, Army Cadets, and Air Cadets for the members of the Sea Cadet Corps, the New Zealand Cadet Corps, and the Air Training Corps respectively. The system also introduced a new logo for each corps and a primary logo for the NZCF. The primary logo is an amalgamation of the three separate corps logos. "The new NZCF logo is an opportunity to refresh and modernise the NZCF brand. It is a clean and modern visual representation of the three component organisations which comprise the NZCF."[20] The badges of the three cadet forces remain official emblems. These badges have Royal Assent and are protected by the Flags, Emblems and Names Protection Act 1981.

Badges and Logos of the New Zealand Cadet Forces

Name	Official Badge	Current Logo	Former Logo
New Zealand Cadet Forces	Nil
Sea Cadet Corps			Nil
New Zealand Cadet Corps			Nil
Air Training Corps			Nil

2018 - CadetNet

CadetNet is an online website based intranet developed in house by New Zealand Cadet Forces personnel that is designed to optimize processes and act as a singular source for information and material related to the New Zealand Cadet Forces. The system is operated by, and only accessible by active members of the organisation.

Early Release

The concept for a Cadet Forces online hub began in 2014 with several years’ work being undertaken by a small group of NZCF Officers.[21] In 2018 an early version of an integrated online hub for all cadet needs was released named "CadetNet". Developed by the S6 – Communications and Information Systems branch of Headquarters, and managed by project leader SQNLDR S. Hobbs, NZCF. This early role out to officers and a limited number of units included basic functionality such as a repository of manuals and information relevant to the routine operation and training of NZCF personnel. Over the course of the year more systems were rolled out unit by unit, such as a tab based system for different branches of the organisation. In practice this meant if a person within the organisation wanted to find out about uniform, they could go the "S4 – Logistics" tab and find the manual relevant to the uniform they wanted to know about.

The other half of CadetNet included digital profiles for all personnel. Meaning all members of the New Zealand Cadet Forces could be uniquely recorded in a single database for the first time in the organisations history. These profiles allow personnel to update their personal details such as changes in address and contact details. With a comprehensive privacy policy ensuring the data of each individual can't be accessed without appropriate permissions.

The profiles also allow the ability for cadets to see a history of their promotions, awards they've received courses and camps they've completed, creating a "Cadet CV". While this doesn't make the NZCF record of service books that all cadets are issued redundant, this enables cadets to track their record of achievements using a more convenient medium.

In mid 2018 a new version was released that included automatic compiling of the NZCF 20 form. The NZCF 20 form is a monthly report detailing the number of each rank that paraded with that unit, any activities and events that the unit undertook, and a forecast of events happening in the upcoming month.[22] This CadetNet update reduced the role the adjutant plays to double checking the results are correct and signing off on them.

Full release

In late 2018 and early 2019 the first organisation wide release occurred with all personnel of all rank being required to supply (in addition to what is required upon enrolment) an email and two separate next of kin who must have basic contact details (Contact number, email, address).

At this point more functions had been introduced with the goal of streamlining and reducing workload on officers. In addition to the digitization of the NZCF 20 form, Cadets were able to directly apply for courses and eventually unit activities directly through the CadetNet portal. Previously if personnel wanted to attend a course they would have to rely on NZCF staff promulgating the Annual Training Programme issued from Headquarters, request and complete the NZCF Form 8, supply it to their unit's adjutant, then the adjutant would have to collate all applications and email the successful applications (subject to Cadet Unit Commander's approval) to Headquarters. With CadetNet this shortened to a cadet being able to see all upcoming courses they are eligible for and applying directly to them, this means from a staff point of view all that's necessary is to select the applicants and forward them to headquarters.

2019 - RNZAF Base Auckland - New Youth Facility

On 29 June 2019 the New Zealand Defence Force opened a new youth development facility on the grounds of RNZAF Base Auckland. The new facility, which has accommodation for up to 120 personnel[23] will give the NZCF another facility to utilise for promotional NCO courses (SNCO and JNCO course primarily) and shooting courses, which will see the NZCF use the nearby 25m range.[24]

The first use of the facility by the NZCF was a Senior Non-Commissioned Officer Course, which ran from the 15th to the 21s of July 2020.[25] Since this the facility has been used for numerous courses[26][27] and competitions.[28] The primary benefit for the facility is the location, with most Northern Area units being based in or around Auckland, there are fewer logistical challenges than transporting personnel to Whangaparaoa (Tamaki Leadership Centre).

After the success of the Cadet 150 exercise the organisation wanted to capitalise on the planning and experience gained. This came to fruition from 19 to 26 January 2020, the New Zealand Cadet Forces held exercise Cadet 2020.[29][30] While originally the exercise was scheduled to be held at Tekapo Military Camp, due to logistical challenges the location was changed to Waiouru Army Camp.[31] The exercise saw approximately 1000 cadets and 250 officers[32] from the New Zealand Cadet Forces attend as well as personnel from the New Zealand Defence in support, providing the venue and logistical support for the exercise.

Using the experience from the Cadet 150 Exercise, the activity was expanded to accommodate more activities and experiences, but unlike Cadet 150, was not opened to the cadet forces of other nations.

The exercise was fortunate in its timing, as the first case of COVID-19 was reported in New Zealand less than a month after the exercise. This was closely followed by an announcement from the NZCF Headquarters of "an operational pause to all NZCF activities".[33]

Similar to the Cadet 150 exercise, before cadets arrived they were given the option of 4 electives to choose from;

• Air Elective, Land Elective, Adventure Elective and Maritime Elective. Furthermore, for four days of the activity cadets were grouped into formations for a 'round robin' training programme where they were able to experience;

2020 - COVID-19 Effects on the NZCF

Due to the effects of COVID-19 in New Zealand, Headquarters New Zealand Cadet Forces declared an "Operational Pause on ALL NZCF ACTIVITIES" at 11:59pm on 22 March 2020.[34] To be reviewed on a weekly basis, while all of New Zealand remained at Alert Level 3 or above then all NZCF activities ceased. The cause for this "Operational Pause" was for two reasons;

1. To prevent the spread of COVID-19 within the organisation and comply with government restrictions on the size of gatherings.
2. To free up NZDF personnel in NZCF roles for recall to other positions for Operation PROTECT.

Due to the multiple COVID-19 resurgences in New Zealand there have been further operational pauses,[35][36][37] forcing NZCF units to rapidly shift to online learning tools.[38] Due to the continued closure of NZ borders all international exchanges have been indefinitely postponed.

New Zealand Cadet Forces' headquarters element is based in Trentham Army Camp[39] The commandant and New Zealand Defence Force Headquarters staff work out of this office. Each Area (Northern, Central, and Southern) also have their own offices which they use to administer their areas. Each area is normally led by a regular force commissioned officer, however occasionally senior non-commissioned officers hold the position.[40][41] The Commandant of New Zealand Cadet Forces is typically a senior New Zealand Defence Force officer (LTCOL/E) and is drawn from any of the three NZDF branches.

National and Area Warrant Officers

2017 saw the introduction of four new Warrant Officer positions for senior cadet NCOs. These positions are to allow a direct line of communication from cadets to the senior staff of the New Zealand Cadet Forces. The individual who holds the Warrant Officer New Zealand Cadet Forces position is a member of the Headquarters NZCF leadership team. They are mandated to render advice on any matters within the NZCF environment, but with particular focus on strategic matters affecting personnel, training, and welfare. The Warrant Officer of the New Zealand Cadet Forces reports directly to the Commandant, NZCF.

Area Warrant Officers operate in a similar, more regional capacity. These individuals are a supplementary member of the Cadet Force Training and Support Unit (CFTSU) of their relevant Area. Just like the National Warrant Officer these personnel are mandated to render advice on any matters within the NZCF environment, but with particular focus on matters affecting personnel and training and welfare in their areas. They work in partnership with the Area Coordinators and Area Support Officers in their region as well as corresponding with both the National Warrant Officer and holding regular conferences with the Unit Warrant Officers and Company Sergeant Majors in their regions to establish a consistent and effective strategy.

The four positions are as follows;

• Warrant Officer Cadet Forces
• Warrant Officer Northern Area
• Warrant Officer Central Area
• Warrant Officer Southern Area

The positions are intended for senior cadets who have held the position of Warrant Officer or Company Sergeant Major within a cadet unit of any corps. Air Training Corps and Sea Cadet Corps personnel are attributed the rank Cadet Warrant Officer, New Zealand Cadet Corps personnel are given the rank Cadet Warrant Officer Class 1.

In order for personnel to eligible for any of the four positions they must:

• Be a senior Warrant Officer or Warrant Officer Class II who has completed at least one year acting as a Cadet Unit Warrant Officer.
• Have the experience, ability and capacity to provide support and advice at strategic and operation levels;
• Have the ability to establish and maintain professional relationships at all levels.

Personnel selected for either an Area or National Warrant Officer position are appointed for a two-year period.

The Cadet Forces is made up of three branches or corps. Each corps is modelled on a corresponding branch of the NZDF: the Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN), the New Zealand Army and the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF).[47]

Each corps has its own training curriculum, uniforms and organizational structures aligned with its parent regular force branch.

The New Zealand Cadet Corps (NZCC) is the land component of the NZCF and Aligned with the New Zealand Army. Founded in 1864 the NZCC is the oldest branch of the New Zealand Cadet Forces. The NZCC represent the second smallest of the three Cadet branches, and as of 2021 there are 33 units across New Zealand.[49]

Cadet Corps training includes drill, first aid, land based navigation, land based search and rescue (SAR), survival skills, familiarisation with military tactics and equipment and dedicated firearms training. Each NZCC unit is sponsored by a unit in the New Zealand Army[50] which give NZCC personnel unique opportunities to accompany and participate in army activities and become familiar with army equipment. Each area (Southern, Central, Northern) hold an annual Skills competition with all units being eligible to compete in, focusing on competitive application of core skills, with the winning team from each area later in the year competing at a national competition. A national course in fieldcraft is also offered.

The Sea Cadet Corps (SCC) is the maritime arm of the NZCF, and is aligned with the RNZN. Founded in 1929 the SCC is the smallest of the three branches, as of 2021 the SCC has 17 Training Ships across New Zealand[49]

Sea Cadet Corps' training focus is marine based, with a large volume of spent sailing allowing personnel to develop their skills on the water including a swimming test in the beginning of service. To supplement core training, the SCC also provides it's personnel with training in fieldcraft, firearms training, land and sea navigation, radio procedures, and other useful skills. Each area (Southern, Central, Northern) hold an annual regatta with all Training Ships, focusing on competitive application of core skills, with the winning team from each area later in the year competing at a national competition.

The two sailing boats that the SCC use are the Crown and the RS Feva. The Crown is a 4-person dinghy, specifically designed for the use of the units. The RS Feva's serves as a more modern vessel which could be raced in local, national and international regattas.

Air Training Corps Crest

The Air Training Corps (ATC) is the aviation arm of the NZCF and is aligned with the RNZAF. Formed in September 1941 originally for the purpose of training young pilots ready for active service. As of 2021 there are 49 ATC squadrons across New Zealand.[49]

The ATC curriculum contains aviation, fieldcraft, drill, leadership, search and rescue (SAR), survival skills, organisational knowledge of NZDF and NZCF and firearms training. National courses are provided in powered flying, aeronautical navigation, gliding and fieldcraft. Each area (Southern, Central, Northern) hold an annual skills competition for all squadrons, focusing on competitive application of core aviation skills, with the winning team from each area later in the year competing at a national competition.

The NZDF and the NZCF work together in a combined structure to deliver the NZCF's Mission and Core Values.

The NZDF provides 27 regular force personnel and six NZDF civilian employees to perform training development, administration and logistics for Cadet Force operations. These operations are commanded from HQNZCF, based in Trentham Military Camp in Wellington.

There are three Cadet Force Training Support Units (CFTSUs), each covering a Cadet Force region and operating from an NZDF establishment. Northern Area CFTSU is based in RNZAF Base Auckland; Central Area CFTSU at RNZAF Base Ohakea near Palmerston North; and Southern Area CFTSU at Burnham Military Camp just South of Christchurch.

The New Zealand Cadet Force is under the command of the Commandant NZCF. The Commandant of the NZCF is typically given a three-year appointment, however, some choose to renew their appointment, or otherwise are required to leave their command early due to extraordinary circumstances.

Working alongside the NZDF personnel are NZCF Officers and Senior Cadets from all three Corps appointed to key strategic, operational and tactical positions.

They provide:

• Policy advice and recommendations that will enhance both the support and training.
• Representation to the community meeting the Government/Community partnership requirement to develop and implement strategies for growth by raising the national profile of the NZCF.
• Quality Control for the cadets by ensuring the content of the entire training programme is relevant and suits the needs of today's youth.[53]

[54] NZCF Structure Chart

Three non-profit organizations, the Sea Cadet Corps Association of New Zealand Inc. (SCANZ),[55] the Cadet Corps Association of New Zealand Trust (CCANZ),[56] and the Air Training Corps Association of New Zealand Inc (ATCANZ)[57] have been appointed by the Chief of the Defence Force to play an integral role in the Cadet Forces' management. They are responsible for developing policy in regards to training and NZDF involvement, national marketing, liaison with non-recognized organizations with Cadet Forces involvement, and additional logistical support. They also represent individual units and their support committees in the Standing Committee of the Cadet Advisory Council and via direct consultation from the Commandant Cadet Forces.

All associations have a National Executive to deal with the NZCF directly, while each unit is represented by an association branch.

SCANZ has the additional responsibilities of acquiring national resources and assets for SCC training use – as the Navy is unable to provide these facilities – and provide a disputes resolution process for SCC unit support committees.[53]

The Royal New Zealand Returned Services Association (RNZRSA) supports NZCF involvement in its ceremonial and commemorative activities, encourages its members to join the support committees of individual cadet units, and provides additional support and resources.[53]

Many RNZRSA members have formally served for branches of the Cadet Forces.

The Defence Employer Support Council is a civilian agency run by the New Zealand Government that works to facilitate good working relationships between NZDF Reservists, Cadet Force Officer's, and their civilian employers. The Council liaises with the Minister of Defence on matters related to Reserves and also NZDF youth programmes (the NZCF and Limited Service Volunteers).

The focus of the DESC is for members to use their knowledge, networks and experience to:

1. Engage with the employers of Reserve Force members and New Zealand Cadet Force officers;
2. Open doors to civilian employment opportunities for members of the:
   1. Limited Service Volunteer programme;
   2. New Zealand Cadet Forces; and
   3. Regular Force members who are transitioning from the NZDF; and to
3. Foster relationships with employers to identify potential NZDF opportunities where members with unique skills are needed by the NZDF

NZCF Officers of all branches are encouraged to reach out to DESC for support with their civilian employer if they feel they need it.[65] Occasionally the DESC also facilitate the recruitment of new NZCF Officers from retiring Defence Force personnel who still want to contribute to New Zealand.

Each year the DESC hold an award ceremony to recognise and reward employers who ensure that Cadet Force Officers are able to not just meet their commitments, but provide the support needed for Officers to succeed and thrive. This can be by providing Officers with the leave they need to go on promotional course and attend unit activities, or by providing resources to help facilitate the operation of New Zealand Cadet Forces. Officers nominate their employer through the DESC website, and support the application with written testimony including examples of how their employer supports their position in the NZCF.

Each individual unit has a Cadet Unit Support Committee. Made up of voluntary members of the community, often parents and relatives of cadets, the committees assist units with fundraising and the supply of voluntary labour and resources when required.

NZCF Active List

NZCF Active Service is defined under Cadet Force Order 1 (CFO 1). Every NZCF Officer appointed to the strength of an NZCF Cadet Unit, to HQ NZCF or a CFTSU will be held on the Active List and has the option of taking Cadet Unit Commander's Leave or transferring either to the Non active List of that unit or to the NZCF Reserve or NZCF Standby Reserve as the regulations allow.

NZCF Non-Active List

The NZCF Non-Active List is for NZCF Officers who are unable to meet the requirements of efficient service for a period greater than three months and who do not wish to resign their NZCF commission. The maximum period an officer will be transferred to the Non-Active List is 12 months.

Commissioned Personnel Ranks

Navy Cadets	Army Cadets	Air Cadets	Notes
Commander (CDR)	Lieutenant Colonel (LTCOL)	Wing Commander (WGCDR)	This rank is held only by the Assistant Commandant, NZCF
Lieutenant Commander (LTCDR)	Major (MAJ)	Squadron Leader (SQNLDR)
Lieutenant (LT)	Captain (CAPT)	Flight Lieutenant (FLTLT)
Sub Lieutenant (SLT)	Lieutenant (LT)	Flying Officer (FGOFF)
Ensign (ENS)	Second Lieutenant (2LT)	Pilot Officer (PLTOFF)
Officer Cadet (OFFCDT)	Officer Cadet (OFFCDT)	Officer Cadet (OFFCDT)	Previously only available to students on a NZCF Commissioning Course, this has been changed to replace the rank of Under Officer.

Note: Once an Officer Cadet passes the Commissioning Course, they are promoted to the rank of Acting Ensign (A/ENS), Acting Second lieutenant (A/2LT), or Acting Pilot officer (A/PLTOFF).

Commissioned Officer Rank and Insignia

NZCF Officers OFF 6 OFF 5 OFF 4 OFF 3 OFF 2 OFF 1 Navy Cadets Commander Lieutenant Commander Lieutenant Sub Lieutenant Ensign Officer cadet CDR LTCDR LT SLT ENS OFFCDT NZCF Officers OFF 6 OFF 5 OFF 4 OFF 3 OFF 2 OFF 1 Army Cadets Lieutenant Colonel Major Captain Lieutenant Second Lieutenant Officer cadet LTCOL MAJ CAPT LT 2LT OFFCDT NZCF Officers OFF 6 OFF 5 OFF 4 OFF 3 OFF 2 OFF 1 Air Cadets Wing Commander Squadron Leader Flight Lieutenant Flying Officer Pilot Officer Officer cadet WGCDR SQNLDR FLTLT FGOFF PLTOFF OFFCDT

Units are graded on their size, which dictates the number of Officers and Non-Commissioned Office each unit may possess. Units are able to deviate from the limitations of their grade, however must seek approval from the COMDT NZCF beforehand. Notably, the number of personnel used for the grading is based on the average attendance of weekly parade nights, as opposed to the total number of cadets enrolled at the unit. By 1 September each year, each Cadet Unit Commander is notified of their unit's grade.[67]

Consultation for the potential removal of the rank began in 2018 with the area Warrant Officers (WONA,WOCA,WOSA) talking to Under Officers and Warrant Officer's around the country to seek opinions regarding how Under Officers were utilised on a local level. Some NZCF Officers were also polled for an opinion. The result of that was that in 2019 HQ NZCF announced their intention to remove the rank completely from service, to be replaced by the Officer Cadet rank. The Officer Cadet rank had traditionally been used for those about to, and attending a Commissioning Courses to give personnel a shared rank and equalize personnel from the two different methods of commissioning (serving Under Officers and direct entry civilians). The rank of Officer Cadet is now given in its place to personnel intending to commission, regardless of if they previously served as a Non-commissioned Officer. This also gives direct entry candidates the opportunity to practice being in uniform and participate in unit parades before attending the commissioning course.

One of the more commonly used locations for the Under Officer course was the Royal New Zealand Police College, located in Porirua. This location presented the unique opportunity for NZCF students and staff to interact with the New Zealand Police and interact with their equipment. The last course held at the RNZPC was between 20 and 29 January 2017. The Last Under Officer Course was held at RNZAF Woodbourne between 6 and 15 July 2018.

As of April 2021 the last Under Officer graduated from the NZCF Officer Commissioning Course.

Any person between the ages of 13 and 15 years may join the NZCF. The full consent of parents or guardians is required to apply, and while under the age of 18 parental consent is required for all training and exercises undertaken. A person younger than 13 may join if presently attending Year 9 at a New Zealand Secondary School. Cadets can stay on without being promoted to the age of 18. Senior Non-Commissioned Officers may serve until their 20th birthday at which time they must commit to serving as a commissioned officer, Supplementary Staff, or leave the unit.

Other than black lace up shoes, all uniform is provided upon enrolment into a unit and completion of a training camp where wearing of the uniform is taught. Bonds are sometimes held to ensure that they are returned.

NZCF personnel are not subject to the Armed Forces Discipline Act 1971, and hence cannot be deployed into active service.[70][71]

Unit fees are set by each unit Parent Support Committee annually. Due to fluctuating operating costs, these vary from unit to unit dependent on the type of activities the unit has planned, although typically fees will be no more than $200 annually. Participating in unit exercises may incur extra charges, although any costs outside of government funding are often subsidised by sponsors.

In 2017 the New Zealand Cadet Forces updated their Child Protection policy surrounding cadets who are either Non-Commissioned Officers or personnel who are completing cadet level training that are aged 18 and over.

There is a deliberate delineation between an 'Adult' and an 'Officer' as the latter has specific authority to exercise command and control over cadets and other NZCF Officers.

The key difference between a cadet who is an adult and a cadet who is under 18 is that adult cadets and indeed all adults within the New Zealand Cadet Forces are charged with the responsibility of maintaining the safety and welfare of cadets during all NZCF activities. While this doesn't mean that cadets who are classified as adults hold authority over other cadets due to their age, it means that adult cadets are expected to at the very least vocalize to an Officer or Supplementary Staff member when they believe safety and welfare have been compromised.

Cadet Non-Commissioned Officers who are 18 or older are issued a thin white band which is sewn into the rank slide of the individual immediately above the "CADET FORCES" lettering and below the rank emblem.

Adult Members can serve in two capacities: Commissioned Officers or Supplementary Staff. Officers are commissioned into the New Zealand Cadet Forces, with the post-nominal letters NZCF, at the rank of Pilot Officer, and can be promoted to Flying Officer, and Flight Lieutenant after completing the necessary training and service. Cadet Force officers may serve to any age after receiving a commission.

In 2014 the organisation introduced a new position of National Support Officer (NSO). This position was designed to place a New Zealand Cadet Force Officer at high level of influence within HQNZCF, which traditionally had his position had been solely occupied by New Zealand Defence Force Personnel. In 2016 with the adoption of the continental staff system the position was renamed to Assistant Commandant. If he or she is an ATC officer, as opposed to an NZCC or SCC officer, they will hold the rank of Wing Commander.

Supplementary Staff or SS for short, are civilians who help train cadets. They do not wear uniform, but they are generally treated similarly to officers by cadets. Members of the NZDF are occasionally attached to cadet units to assist in conducting training. This is normally because they know a cadet/officer in that unit, or if they have a particular interest in cadet forces. They are addressed as "Instructor" or by cadets choice, "Sir" or "Ma'am".

NZCF Officers do not typically pay any membership fees for belonging to a Unit or Training Ship, this is typically to balance the time and effort put in by NZCF Officers. While Officers aren't encouraged to, a large amount contribute anyway, by way of purchasing stationary and equipment for their unit.

Tri Corps Courses are available to everybody in the New Zealand Cadet Forces regardless of which branch they're in.

*Personnel are required to undergo further training before being eligible to act in a staff role. This will always be passing the course as a student first.

These courses and exercises are normally restricted to cadets in the Sea Cadet Corps. However, occasionally Officers from other branches will attend either as staff members or in order to cross train their skills. Officers that are stationed at multi-Corps Unit headquarters, such as TS Amokura (Wellington) which also has No. 1 (City of Wellington) Squadron, and Wellington City Cadet Unit parade from the same facility.

These courses and exercises are normally restricted to cadets in the New Zealand Cadet Corps. However, occasionally Officers from other branches will attend as staff members to help facilitate the activities.

These courses and exercises are normally restricted to cadets in the Air Training Corps. However, occasionally Officers from other branches will attend either as staff members or in order to cross train their skills. Officers that are stationed at multi-Corps Unit headquarters, such as TS Amokura (Wellington) which also has No. 1 (City of Wellington) Squadron, and Wellington City Cadet Unit parade from the same facility.

A recent addition to the list of courses on offer is an Officer Gliding Course, aiming to give New Zealand Cadet Force Officers, whose courses are normally paperwork based, the opportunity to have similar experiences to Cadets. A relatively small course in relation to the larger National Gliding Course, this course has proved extremely popular with ATC Officers.

All Commissioned Officers of the NZCF are eligible to staff both the JNCO and SNCO course by virtue of being commissioned. However precedence is given to Officers that have successfully completed the Instructional Technique and Training Management Course.

For promotional course there are several roles that an Officer can perform as a course staff member. Some Officers will be assigned multiple roles depending on their skill level and experience. The roles available to an Officer include, but are not limited to;

• Syndicate Leader – This will be the first position assigned to an Officer when they begin staffing courses. Directly responsible for a group of Cadets and their progress over the course. The Syndicate Leader will assess the students based on their performance and behaviour on the course. These personnel also provide the majority of the Duty of Care and in loco parentis on the course.
• Adjutant – Responsible for the administration and personnel of the course. This person will ensure all personnel attending receive their JI's (Joining Instructions) and will collate the nominal roll. Typically assigned to an Officer who has staffed courses previously and volunteers for the position. The individual holding this position will often double as a Syndicate Leader.
• Training Officer – Responsible for the creation and maintenance of the training programme for the course as well as ensuring lesson plans and instructors are adequate for the course. Typically assigned to an Officer who has staffed courses previously and volunteers for the position. The individual holding this position will often double as a Syndicate Leader.
• Course Director – The senior most Cadet Force Officer on the course. Ultimately responsible to the Area Office (CFTSU) for the successful running of the course. This position will only be given to an Officer that is trusted by the Area Coordinator or Senior Area Advisor and will almost always be CAPT/FLTLT/LT in rank and have staffed numerous courses previously. While on a course, if a student fails a terminal objective on the course (possibly resulting in them not passing the course) the Course Director will oversee the retraining and eventual retest of the student. This will normally be the only role that does not double as a Syndicate Leader.

Cadets who graduate from the Senior Non-Commissioned Officer Course are eligible to go back and staff the JNCO course, the SNCO course, and the Cadet Fieldcraft Experience. These NCOs can staff in two capacities, depending on the course.

• Cadet Staff member – On promotional courses Cadet NCOs act as mentors and guides for junior cadets, displaying the behaviour and attitudes expected. Cadets are assigned in Platoon Sergeant/Division Lead/Flight Sergeant roles.
  • Course Warrant Officer/Sergeant Major/Course Coxswain – A sub position for NCO Staff. This is the senior Cadet on the course, responsible for the rest of the Cadet Staff and the drill on course.
• Fatigue – Commonly referred to as "slushies", on promotional courses 2–4 Cadet NCOs are employed to help out in the kitchen and with logistics on the course such as setting up activity stands. These personnel won't typically interact with students in an educational capacity.

All Cadet Forces personnel that staff courses, regardless of rank and position are entitled to be paid for their work on course.

The David Culverwell Memorial Trophy for Top NZCF Shot

In 2004 Cadet Forces was approached, through Flight Lieutenant Bruce Sinclair, regarding the donation of a .22 competition rifle for use as a trophy by Mr Denis Culverwell. He wanted to donate the weapon as a trophy in memory of his son David who was tragically killed in a traffic accident. David was a very keen competition shot and his parents wanted to continue in this vein with the trophy. Northern Area had the trophy mounted and engraved and Headquarters verified it as being the trophy for the 'Top Shot' within Cadet Forces. The trophy is to be awarded annually to the highest scoring Cadet based on the annual .22 calibre shooting competition (Smit, Gunford or Wallingford). If two or more cadets have the same final score (regardless of unit) the COMDT has agreed to fund a shoot off. Using the same rules and conditions as the National shooting competitions the highest possible score (HPS) is 100.

Lady Islington Challenge Cup

Awarded to the NZCF team that attains the highest aggregate score in the annual .22 calibre shooting competition (Smit, Gunford or Wallingford).

Canterbury Defence Victory Trophy

Awarded to the Southern Area team that attains the highest aggregate score in the annual .22 calibre shooting competition (Smit, Gunford or Wallingford).

The K. & P.L. Bolton Rifle Shooting Trophy

Awarded to the Central Area team that attains the highest aggregate score in the annual .22 calibre shooting competition (Smit, Gunford or Wallingford).

Sir John Logan Campbell Vase

Awarded to the Northern Area team that attains the highest aggregate score in the annual .22 calibre shooting competition (Smit, Gunford or Wallingford).

The National Efficiency Awards are as follows:

Annually, Cadet Force units of the three corps compete for the most efficient unit. One unit from each of the three areas is nominated by the Area Coordinator. A senior officer from each of the single services or the respective corps NZCF Liaison Officer inspects the finalists using the NZCF 27, Unit Efficiency Form to select the national winner. All aspects of the unit's operation are considered including administration, training, stores and equipment, the atmosphere the unit displays, unit support committee and community support. The inspecting officer also officiates at the unit training parade.

All units of the New Zealand Cadet Forces are to be assessed for efficiency each year by their respective Area Co-ordinators. There are awards for the best unit in each area and a national award for the most outstanding Unit of each Corps in the New Zealand Cadet Forces.

Royal New Zealand Returned Services Association Community Service Award

This nationwide award is presented annually to a New Zealand Cadet Force Unit for service to the community. NZCF is a voluntary organization for youth aged 13–18 years of age.

Currently in use

• Marlin XT
• Norinco JW-15a – Removed from service as a service rifle in 2011. Only in service as a non-functional drill purpose rifle.
• No. 8 Rifle – Removed from service as a service rifle in 2008.[74][75] In service as a non-functional drill purpose rifle (some Southern Area units only).
• Drill Purpose Training Aid – Referred to as "DPTA's" there is a Mk I and Mk II variant. These serve as introductory platforms for Cadets to learn ceremonial drill.

Formerly used

• L1A1 Self Loading Rifle (SLR) – Used as a blank firing firearm on exercises and as a non-functional drill purpose rifle.
• .303 SMLE rifle[76] – in 1912 issued to senior cadets with Pattern 1903 bayonet
• .303 Bren gun[76]
• Vickers MMG[76]
• Sten gun[76]
• .310 BSA Model D Air Rifle[76]

The New Zealand Cadet Forces operates a fleet of utility vehicles to enable Cadet Units to facilitate camps, exercises, and activities without always needing to hire vehicles. The NZCF have leased these vehicles long-term, they are based out of each area's (Northern, Central, Southern) training and support unit RNZAF Base Auckland, RNZAF Base Ohakea, Burnham Army Camp. Headquarters New Zealand Cadet Forces also retain a small number of vehicles that act as company vehicles for the use of senior NZCF staff such as the Commandant, NZCF and the Executive Officer.

Each vehicle is branded in an NZCF livery in order to promote brand awareness. The livery itself is based New Zealand Defence Careers vehicles to promote synergy between the two.

The NZCF operates the following vehicles:

• Toyota Rav 4 SUV
• Mitsubishi Triton Ute
• Toyota Hiace Van

December 1997[127]

On 9 December 1997 a fatal incident occurred on a Cadet Gliding Course that resulted in the deaths of 16 year old Catherine Banks, from Upper Hutt, and 48 year old Dr. Paul Zulver, an English born doctor that moved to the local area from Canada in 1994. At 4:12pm the glider entered into a stall, before nose diving towards the ground, disintegrating in the process. Cadets on the course were witness to the event.

January 2009[128][129]

On 31 January 2009 an incident at Central Hawkes Bay Aeroclub, located in Waipukurau, occurred that resulted in minor injuries for a cadet and an instructor. The glider made an unexpectedly low approach and when the instructor made evasive maneuvers the right wing of the glider has struck a power line resulting in a crash. Both the cadet and instructor survived with no serious injuries, with the cadet continuing on to complete the camp.

April 2009[130][131]

On 30 April 2009 a second gliding related incident occurred on the National Gliding Course. Minutes after takeoff a glider carrying a 14 year old cadet from Christchurch and a 77 year old instructor from Taupo, suffered an event which resulted in the glider aircraft crashing into the ground. The instructor in the back suffered from moderate back injuries and had both ankles broken, the cadet however, was taken by rescue helicopter to Waikato Hospital in critical but stable condition. The cadet suffered from a spinal injury[132] and was required to use a wheel chair and walking frame for some time. By June 2019 the cadet was back parading with his unit in Christchurch.[133]

Theft of Cadet Rifles

In July 2015 Taupo Cadet Unit was burgled, resulting in the loss of 6 Marlin XT rifles and 4 drill purpose Norinco JW-15a rifles.[134]

Negligent Discharge

On 17 September 2020 an incident occurred that resulted in the discharge of a personal firearm at a cadet training facility. The incident occurred on the grounds of Timaru Christian School, however the facility involved was not part of the school. The incident was during firearms training, with the instructor involved bringing in eight personal firearms to demonstrate to cadets the evolution of firearms. The incident was investigated by the New Zealand Police and the HQ NZCF. The instructor received a warning from the NZ Police.[135][136]