New Zealand heraldry

New Zealand heraldry is the term for the style of armorial achievements, sometimes known as coats of arms, and other heraldic bearings and insignia used in New Zealand. It largely follows the Gallo-British tradition of heraldry also followed in England, Scotland, Ireland, Canada and Australia.

New Zealand heraldry
Coat of arms of New Zealand used since 1956
 
Heraldic traditionGallo-British
Governing bodyCollege of Arms (disputed)
Chief officerPhillip O'Shea, New Zealand Herald of Arms Extraordinary

Most grants of heraldic arms to New Zealand residents or institutions have been made by the English College of Arms or the Scottish Court of the Lord Lyon, though a small number have also been granted by the Chief Herald of Ireland and the State Herald of South Africa.[1]

Heraldic authority

New Zealand does not presently have its own independent heraldic authority which grants or records arms,[1] though the College of Arms in London claims to be "the official heraldic authority for...New Zealand".[2] According to the guidelines of the Cabinet Manual, the College has been delegated these responsibilities by the Sovereign of New Zealand in their capacity as the "Fount of all Honour".[3] However, the legal basis for this "official" status for the College of Arms is disputed.[4][5]

On 6 February 1978 Queen Elizabeth II established the New Zealand Herald of Arms Extraordinary as the officer of arms responsible for advising the Crown, New Zealand government and New Zealand Defence Force on heraldic matters, and for liaising between New Zealand and the English College of Arms. Although affiliated with the College of Arms, the New Zealand Herald of Arms Extraordinary lives and works in New Zealand, and is not a member of the College Chapter.[6] The current New Zealand Herald of Arms Extraordinary is Phillip Patrick O’Shea.[7][8]

Coats of arms

The heraldry of New Zealand has added indigenous animals (mostly birds) to the existing heraldic bestiary,[9] along with native flora and traditional Māori motifs.

National arms
Main article: Coat of arms of New Zealand
  • Coat of arms of New Zealand (1956-Present)
    Coat of arms of New Zealand (1956-Present)
  • Coat of arms of New Zealand, escutcheon only
    Coat of arms of New Zealand, escutcheon only
  • Coat of arms of New Zealand (1911–1956)
    Coat of arms of New Zealand (1911–1956)

Civic arms

Some, but not all, local authorities in New Zealand use heraldic arms.[10] The arms of the capital, Wellington, combines the arms of Aurthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington with the national coat of arms.[11] The coat of arms of the City of Christchurch also have charges from the national arms. Auckland, the largest city in New Zealand, does not currently use any arms.[12]

The unauthorised use of a coat of arms of a local authority can be an offense.[13]

Arms of former local authorities

Personal arms
See also: Armorial of the governors-general of New Zealand

Corporate/Institutional arms

Some New Zealand corporations and institutions have their own coats-of-arms, including several New Zealand universities such as University of Auckland,[44] Massey University,[45] the University of Waikato,[46] and the University of Otago.[47]

Ecclesiastical arms
See also: Ecclesiastical heraldry

Badges and crests

Heraldry of the Cook Islands, Niue and Tokelau

The other countries of the Realm of New Zealand, the associated states of the Cook Islands and Niue and the dependent territory of Tokelau, have their own heraldic emblems. The Cook Islands has their own armorial bearings (coat of arms) using unique local elements,[58] since 2021 Niue has had a seal based on traditional Niuean elements (replacing their previous one based on the New Zealand coat of arms),[59] while Tokelau has a badge based on a traditional Tokelauan tuluma.[60]

Heraldry Society

Heraldry is discussed and studied by The Heraldry Society of New Zealand, a learned society under the patronage of the governor-general.[61][62] The society publishes The New Zealand Armorist. Its homepage is called Onward.[63]

References
  1. "Grants of Arms". Onward - Heraldry Society of New Zealand Inc. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
  2. "The College of Arms". College of Arms. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
  3. "Cabinet Manual 2017 - Heraldry". Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  4. Macaulay, Gregor (2001). "The Law of Arms in New Zealand: A Response" (PDF). Otago Law Review. 10 (1): 113–118. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  5. Macaulay, G A (1994). "Honours and Arms: Legal and Constitutional Aspects of Practice Concerning Heraldry and Royal Honours in New Zealand". Canterbury Law Review. 5 (3): 381–390. Retrieved 4 May 2022.
  6. Friar, Stephen, ed. (1987). A New Dictionary of Heraldry. London: Alphabooks/A&C Black. pp. 254–5. ISBN 0 906670 44 6.
  7. "New Zealand Herald of Arms Extraordinary". Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
  8. "The Officers of Arms - Heralds Extraordinary". College of Arms. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
  9. Bedingfeld, Henry; Gwynn-Jones, Peter (1993). Heraldry. Leicester: Magna Books. pp. 73 and 102. ISBN 1-85422-433-6.
  10. "New Zealand". Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
  11. "Wellington (New Zealand)". Heraldry of the World. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
  12. "Governance manual - Heraldry and logo". governance.aucklandcouncil.govt.nz. Auckland Council. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
  13. "Local Government Act 2002, section 234". Parliamentary Council Office - New Zealand Legislation. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
  14. McLintock, A. H. "Coat of Arms, Hamilton City". Te Ara - An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand 1966. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  15. "Our crest and logo". Napier City Council. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  16. McLintock, A. H. "Coat of Arms, Napier City". Te Ara - An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand 1966. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  17. "Our Coat of Arms". Whanganui District Council. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  18. McLintock, A. H. "Coat of Arms, Wanganui City". Te Ara - An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand 1966. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  19. "City of Lower Hutt Coat of Arms". Hutt City Council News. 11 August 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  20. McLintock, A. H. "Coat of Arms, Lower Hutt City". Te Ara - An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand 1966. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  21. "Coat of Arms (Archived)". Porirua City Council. Archived from the original on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
  22. "Civic coats of arms". teara.govt.nz. Te Ara The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  23. McLintock, A. H. "Coats of Arms - Local". Te Ara - An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand 1966. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  24. McLintock, A. H. "Coat of Arms, Wellington City". Te Ara - An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand 1966. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  25. McLintock, A. H. "Coat of Arms, Nelson City". Te Ara - An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand 1966. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  26. "Coat of arms". Christchurch City Council. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  27. McLintock, A. H. "Coat of Arms, Christchurch City". Te Ara - An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand 1966. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  28. "Dunedin City Council history". Dunedin City Council. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  29. McLintock, A. H. "Coat of Arms, Dunedin City". Te Ara - An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand 1966. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  30. "Your Council - The Coat of Arms". Invercargill City Council. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  31. "Invercargill symbols". Te Ara The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  32. "Footprints 06210". kura.aucklandlibraries.govt.nz. Auckland Libraries Heritage Collections. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
  33. "Coat of arms (crest) of Waitakere". www.heraldry-wiki.com. Heraldry of the World. 9 March 2020. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
  34. Lee, Brian North (2003). Some bookplates of heralds : and related ex-libris. London : The Bookplate Society. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-9535008-7-1. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  35. "O'Shea, P.P. (New Zealand Herald Extraordinary)". www.theheraldrysociety.com. The Heraldry Society. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  36. O'Shea, Phillip. "THE ARMORIAL BEARINGS OF THE RT HON DAME PATSY REDDY, G.N.Z.M., Q.S.O., D.St.J., Governor-General of New Zealand 28 September 2016 -" (PDF). gg.govt.nz. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  37. O'Shea, Phillip. "THE ARMORIAL BEARINGS OF LIEUTENANT-GENERAL THE RIGHT HONOURABLE SIR JERRY (JEREMIAH) MATEPARAE, G.N.Z.M., Q.S.O., K.St.J., Governor-General of New Zealand 31 August 2011 - 31 August 2016" (PDF). gg.govt.nz. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  38. "New Zealand elements". gg.govt.nz. The Governor-General of New Zealand. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  39. Tizard, Catherine (3 September 2010). Cat Among the Pigeons: A Memoir. Penguin Random House New Zealand Limited. pp. 233–234. ISBN 978-1-86979-586-3. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  40. "Armorial Bearings, Sir Keith Holyoake". Nelson Provincial Museum. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  41. "armoural letters patent". www.aucklandmuseum.com. Auckland Museum. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  42. Wong, Mandy. "Coat of arms of Ernest Lord Rutherford of Nelson". teara.govt.nz. Te Ara The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  43. "Ernest Rutherford - Scientist Supreme". www.rutherford.org.nz. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  44. "Key developments 1883-2000s, University Motto". University of Auckland. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
  45. "History of the coat of arms". Massey University. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
  46. "History of the University of Waikato, Coat of Arms". University of Waikato. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
  47. "Coat of Arms". University of Otago. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
  48. "Our coat of arms". www.rbnz.govt.nz. Reserve Bank of New Zealand Te Pūtea Matua. Retrieved 26 June 2022.
  49. "Reserve Bank of New Zealand Coat of Arms Letters Patent, 1965". kotuia.org.nz. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  50. Cooke, Peter (2014). An Evolving Order | The Institution of Professional Engineers New Zealand, 1914-2014 (PDF). Institution of Professional Engineers New Zealand. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-908960-58-3. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
  51. "Badge of the HSNZ". Onward. Heraldry Society of New Zealand. 22 December 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  52. "Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia". ecclesiasticalheraldry.weebly.com. Martin's Ecclesiastical Heraldry. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  53. "The Anglican Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand and Polynesia CLERICAL DIRECTORY 2005/2006" (PDF). www.anglican.org.nz. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  54. "ABOUT US". www.calledsouth.org.nz. Anglican Diocese of Dunedin. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  55. "Archbishop Paul Martin SM". mcshwellington.org. Metropolitan Cathedral of the Sacred Heart. 25 August 2021. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  56. "John Atcherley Dew". Araldica Vaticana. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  57. "WILLIAMS TOMMASO STAFFORD n". www.araldicavaticana.com. Araldica Vaticana. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  58. "Description of the Cook Islands Coat of Arms". Office of the Prime Minister, Cook Islands. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
  59. "Niue's Very Own Public Seal – Palātaue ha Niue" (PDF). taoganiue.nu. Tāoga Niue. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  60. "Badge of the General Fono of Tokelau". gg.govt.nz. Retrieved 4 February 2023.
  61. "Current vice-regal patronages". gg.govt.nz. Government House. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
  62. "The Executive". nzheraldry.wordpress.com. The Heraldry Society of New Zealand Inc. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
  63. "Onward". The Heraldry Society of New Zealand. Retrieved 29 January 2014.
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