Nikolaos Ch. Nikolaidis

Nicolaos Ch. Nikolaidis (Greek: Νικόλαος Χ. Νικολαΐδης, in French Nicolas Nicolaïdès; (1826 - July 11, 1889) was an author, mechanical engineer, mathematician, soldier, and professor. He was a pioneer in 19th-century Greek mathematics introducing modern European mathematics to the Greek world. He went to school at Evelpidon and studied in France at the École des ponts Paris Tech and École Polytechnique. His professors in France included Joseph Bertrand and Adhémar Jean Claude Barré de Saint-Venant. While in France he was exposed to the complex mathematics prevalent at the time. He wrote papers on geometry and kinematics. He was exposed to the works of Jacques Charles François Sturm, Giovanni Fagnano, Colin Maclaurin, Joseph Bertrand, and Jacques Antoine Charles Bresse. He integrated some of their works into his mathematical literature. He participated in the Cretan revolt in 1866 and was the Commander of the 174th Battalion of Verville during the Franco-Prussian War in 1870. He became a professor at University of Athens in 1871. His memories published in 1874 feature most of his mathematical papers it is over four hundred pages entitled Analectes, ou Mémoires et Notes sur les Diverses Parties des Mathématiques. By 1881, he retired from the University of Athens due to an illness. He died on July 11, 1889. He was about 63 years old. He influenced countless French and Greek mathematicians. Some included Cyparissos Stephanos, John Hazzidakis and Vassilios Lakon.[1][2][3][4]

Nikolaos Ch. Nikolaidis
Born1826
Tripoli, Greece
DiedJuly 11, 1889
Athens, Greece
NationalityGreek
Alma materEvelpidon
École des ponts Paris Tech
École Polytechnique
Scientific career
FieldsMathematics
Differential geometry
InstitutionsUniversity of Athens
Evelpidon
Doctoral advisorsJoseph Bertrand
Doctoral studentsCyparissos Stephanos

Biography

He was born in 1826 in Tripoli. His father's name was Christodoulos. His father was a member of an old Greek aristocratic family. Christodoulos migrated to Switzerland from Philippopolis. The family eventually settled in the Peloponnese region of Greece around the time of the Greek War of Independence. From a young age, Nikolaidis exhibited a higher level of intelligence. He attended Greece's elite military school known as Evelpidon. Nikolaidis graduated from the school with honors. The Greek government sent him to Paris on a scholarship to study with the most brilliant minds of the time. He studied at the École des ponts Paris Tech and the École Polytechnique.[5] His professor at the École Polytechnique was Joseph Bertrand. His classmates at the time were Henri Brocard and Émile Lemoine. His professor at the École des ponts Paris Tech was mechanician and mathematician Adhémar Jean Claude Barré de Saint-Venant. Nikolaidis taught civil engineering and mathematics in France. He was also affiliated with Charles Hermite, Jacques Antoine Charles Bresse, and Léon Foucault. He had an academic disagreement with Bresse and Foucault. He published his responses in the French magazine Cosmos. He abandoned his teaching position at École des ponts Paris Tech because of his disagreement with Bresse. In 1863, Nikolaidis published Théorie du Mouvement d'une Figure Plane dans son Plan Application aux Organes des Machines and in 1864 he published his dissertation, Mémoire Sur la Théorie Générale des Surfaces. By 1865, he had two Phds that same year he returned to Greece and became an instructor at Evelpidon. Around the same period at 40 years of age, he fought on the side of Crete during the Cretan revolt in 1866. After the Cretan revolt, he fought on the side of France in the Franco-Prussian War in 1870. He was the Commander of the 174th Battalion of Verville. When he returned to Greece he became a professor at the University of Athens in 1871. Three years later he published an accumulation of his complex mathematical work in French entitled Analectes, ou Mémoires et Notes sur les Diverses Parties des Mathématiques. Around this period he taught Cyparissos Stephanos. He inspired the young mathematician. By 1881, he retired from teaching at the University of Athens due to an illness. He was about fifty-five years old. He died eight years later at the age of sixty-three.[6] He was a member of several organizations including an organization for the encouragement of Greek studies in France.[7]

Mémoire Sur la Théorie Générale des Surfaces
Articles in Mémoire Sur la Théorie Générale des Surfaces
Number Title Title in English
I Mémoire sur le Mouvement d'un Point Matériel. Sur la Théorie des Surfaces. Memoir on the Movement of a Material Point. On the Theory of Surfaces.
II Note sur la Theorie des Nombres. Sur la Movement d'un Point Matériel. Sur Quelques Articles des Annales des Mathèmatiques. Notes on Number Theory and the Movement of a Material Point. Articles on the History of Mathematics.
III Thèorie du Mouvement d'une Figure Plane Dans son Plan. Application aux Organes des Machines. Theory of Motion of a Plane Figure in its Plane. Application to Machine Components.
IV Problèmes de Gèomètrie. Geometry Problems.
V Gènèeralisation d' un Thèorème de M. Betrand. Sur les podaíres et les arcs plans. Generalization of a Theorem of Joseph Bertrand. On footings and flat arches.
VI Thèorème de Fagnano, formule de M. Grunert. Nouvelle Propriètè d'un Système des Conques Homofocales. Thèorèmes de M. M. Charles et Kupper. Reprèsentation Gèometrique de l'intégrale d'Euler. Fagnano's theorem, Formula of Johann August Grunert. New Property of a System of Homofocal Conchas. Theorems of Charles and Kupper. Geometric Representation of Euler's integral.
VII Sur l'Intégration des Èquations Linéaires. Integration of Linear Equations.
VIII Sur les Développées Successives des Courbes des Planes. The Successive Developments on the Curves of Planes.
IX Sur les Développées Successives des Courbes des Planes (suite). Nouvelles Propriétés du Mouvement d'un Point Matériel. Note sur la Théorie des Caustiques, Relation Entre les Rayons de Courbure de la Caustique et de l'Anticaustique; Formules Diverses; Centre de Jonction. The Successive Developments of the Curves on Planes (continued). New motion Properties of a Material Point. Notes on the theory of Caustics, Relation Between the Radii of Curvature of the Caustic and the Anticaustic; various formulas; Junction Center.
X Transformation des Courbes et des Surfaces. Transformation des Courbes à Double Courbure par la Mèthode des Rayons Vecteurs Rèciproques. Transformation de Surfaces. Transformation of Curves and Surfaces. Transformation of Double Curvature Curves by the Method of Reciprocal Radii Vectors. Surface Transformation.
XI and XII Surfaces polaires. Sur les elements d'une substitution orthogonale ternaire. Sur le mouvement d'un quadrilatère articule; coulisse de Stephenson, paralèogramme de Watt. Sur les èquations fondamentales des surfaces; formes de ces èquations lorsque les deus systèmes de lignes que l'on considere se coupent sous un angle variable. Cas particuliers; equations de M. Bonnet, de M. Codazzi, de Lame, de Bour. Polar surfaces. The Elements of a Ternary Orthogonal Substitution. The Motion of an Articulated Quadrilateral; Robert Stephenson's slide, James Watt's parallelogram. Fundamental Equations of Surfaces; Forms of these Equations when the two Systems of Lines under Consideration Intersect at a Variable Angle. Special cases; Equations of Pierre Ossian Bonnet, Delfino Codazzi, Gabriel Lamé and Edmond Bour.
XIII and XIV Forme Definitive des Equations Fondamentales des Surfaces. Applications Diverses. Enveloppe d'une Droite. Mouvement des Polygones Articulès. Mèmoire sur les Surfaces Orthogonales. The Definitive form of Fundamental Equations of Surfaces. Various Applications. Envelope of a Line. Movement of Articulated Polygons. Notes on Orthogonal Surfaces.
XV Mèmoire sur les Surfaces Orthogonales (Suite). Cas Particuliers. Transformation des Formules en Coordonnèes Polaires; Nouveaux Systèmes. Autre Transformation; Nouveaux Systèmes. Notes on Orthogonal surfaces (continued). Special cases. Transformation of Formulas into Polar Coordinates; New Systems and Processes.
XVI Note au Sujet du Mèmoire qui Prècède (Surfaces Orthogonales). Sur le Mouvement des Polygones Plans et Sphèriques. Thèorèmes sur le Pentagone, sur l'Hexagone, etc. Thèorèmes de Cinèmatique. Sur le Mouvement d'un Point Matèriel. Sur les Surfaces à Courbure Moyenne Constante. Note on the above Memoir (orthogonal surfaces). On the Movement on a Plane and Spherical Polygons. Theorems on the Pentagon, Hexagon, etc. Kinematics Theorems. On the Movement of a Material Point. On Surfaces with Constant Mean Curvature.
XVII Sur les Surfaces Règlèes. Cas Particuliers. Lignes Tracèes sur les Surfaces Règlèes. Sur Quelques Courbes Gauches. Ruled Surface Special cases. Lines drawn on Ruled Surfaces. Left curves.[8]

Literary works
Books and Articles authored by Nikolaos X. Nikolaidis
Date Title Title in English
1863 Théorie du Mouvement d'une Figure Plane dans son Plan Application aux Organes des Machines The Theory of Motion of a Plane Figure and its Application to Machine Parts
1864 Mémoire Sur la Théorie Générale des Surfaces Dissertation on the General Theory of Surfaces
1874 Analectes, ou Mémoires et Notes sur les Diverses Parties des Mathématiques The Analecta or Notes and Memoirs on Mathematical Subjects

See also

References
  1. Triandafillos Sklavenitis (September 28, 2022). "Nikolaϊdis Nikolaos". Institute for Neohellenic Research. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
  2. Stefanidou 1952, pp. 15.
  3. Staff Writers (September 28, 2022). "Nikolaϊdis Nikolaos". Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Retrieved September 28, 2022.
  4. Moigno 1875, pp. 18.
  5. Asimakopoulou & Chatzis 2008, pp. 117.
  6. Stefanidou 1952, pp. 15–16.
  7. Bourquin 1881, pp. 42.
  8. Gerono & Brisse 1875, pp. 476–477.

Bibliography


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